Causative form of익다 (ikda, “to ripen, to be familiar with”). First attested in theNeung'eomgyeong eonhae (楞嚴經諺解 / 능엄경언해), 1461, asMiddle Korean니기다 (Yale:nikita).
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | ikhida |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ighida |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ikhida |
| Yale Romanization? | ik.hita |
| Base | 익다(ikda) |
|---|---|
| Causative | 익히다(ikhida) |
익히다• (ikhida) (infinitive익혀or익히어,sequential익히니)
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 익힌다 ikhinda | 익혀 ikhyeo | 익혀요, 익히어요 ikhyeoyo, ikhieoyo | 익힙니다 ikhimnida |
| Past | 익혔다 ikhyeotda | 익혔어 ikhyeosseo | 익혔어요 ikhyeosseoyo | 익혔습니다 ikhyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 익히느냐 ikhineunya | 익혀 ikhyeo | 익혀요, 익히어요 ikhyeoyo, ikhieoyo | 익힙니까 ikhimnikka |
| Past | 익혔느냐 ikhyeonneunya | 익혔어 ikhyeosseo | 익혔어요 ikhyeosseoyo | 익혔습니까 ikhyeotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 익히자 ikhija | 익혀 ikhyeo | 익혀요, 익히어요 ikhyeoyo, ikhieoyo | 익히십시다 ikhisipsida | |
| Imperative | 익혀라, 익히어라 ikhyeora, ikhieora | 익혀 ikhyeo | 익혀요, 익히어요 ikhyeoyo, ikhieoyo | 익힙시오 ikhipsio | |
| Assertive | 익히겠다 ikhigetda | 익히겠어 ikhigesseo | 익히겠어요 ikhigesseoyo | 익히겠습니다 ikhigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 익혀 ikhyeo | 익혀서, 익히어서 ikhyeoseo, ikhieoseo | 익히니 ikhini | 익히니까 ikhinikka | |
| Contrast | 익히지만 ikhijiman | 익히는데 ikhineunde | 익히더니 ikhideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 익히고 ikhigo | ||||
| Condition | 익히면 ikhimyeon | 익혀야, 익히어야 ikhyeoya, ikhieoya | |||
| Motive | 익히려고 ikhiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 익힘 ikhim | 익히기 ikhigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 익혔음, 익히었음 ikhyeosseum, ikhieosseum | 익혔기, 익히었기 ikhyeotgi, ikhieotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 익힌 ikhin | |||
| Present | 익히는 ikhineun | ||||
| Future | 익힐 ikhil | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 익히신다 ikhisinda | 익히셔 ikhisyeo | 익히세요, 익히셔요 ikhiseyo, ikhisyeoyo | 익히십니다 ikhisimnida |
| Past | 익히셨다 ikhisyeotda | 익히셨어 ikhisyeosseo | 익히셨어요 ikhisyeosseoyo | 익히셨습니다 ikhisyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 익히시느냐 ikhisineunya | 익히셔 ikhisyeo | 익히세요, 익히셔요 ikhiseyo, ikhisyeoyo | 익히십니까 ikhisimnikka |
| Past | 익히셨느냐 ikhisyeonneunya | 익히셨어 ikhisyeosseo | 익히셨어요 ikhisyeosseoyo | 익히셨습니까 ikhisyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 익히시라 ikhisira | 익히셔 ikhisyeo | 익히세요 ikhiseyo | 익히십시오 ikhisipsio | |
| Assertive | 익히시겠다 ikhisigetda | 익히시겠어 ikhisigesseo | 익히시겠어요 ikhisigesseoyo | 익히시겠습니다 ikhisigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 익히셔 ikhisyeo | 익히셔서 ikhisyeoseo | 익히시니 ikhisini | 익히시니까 ikhisinikka | |
| Contrast | 익히시지만 ikhisijiman | 익히시는데 ikhisineunde | 익히시더니 ikhisideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 익히시고 ikhisigo | ||||
| Condition | 익히시면 ikhisimyeon | 익히셔야 ikhisyeoya | |||
| Motive | 익히시려고 ikhisiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 익히심 ikhisim | 익히시기 ikhisigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 익히셨음 ikhisyeosseum | 익히셨기 ikhisyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 익히신 ikhisin | |||
| Present | 익히시는 ikhisineun | ||||
| Future | 익히실 ikhisil | ||||