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ꜥn

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Egyptian

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Pronunciation

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(modern Egyptological)IPA^(key): /ɑːn/
- Conventional anglicization:an

Etymology 1

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From a form ofꜥnn(“to turn back”).

Adverb

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(Late Egyptian)again,once more,anew
(Late Egyptian)back, to aprevious condition orplace
(Late Egyptian)furthermore,in addition
(Late Egyptian, negated)nor yet,nor
(Late Egyptian, negated)nevermore,never again

Alternative forms

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Alternative hieroglyphic writings ofꜥn

ꜥnw

[Greco-Roman Period]

Descendants

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Demotic:ꜥn,jn
- Akhmimic Coptic:ⲁⲛ(an)
- Bohairic Coptic:ⲟⲛ(on)
- Fayyumic Coptic:ⲁⲛ(an)
- Lycopolitan Coptic:ⲁⲛ(an)
- Sahidic Coptic:ⲟⲛ(on)

Etymology 2

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Noun

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writing tablet made ofwood ormetal[since the Middle Kingdom]

Inflection

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Declension ofꜥn (masculine)
singular	ꜥn
dual	ꜥnwj
plural	ꜥnw

Alternative forms

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Alternative hieroglyphic writings ofꜥn

ꜥn

ꜥnj

ꜥnw

ꜥn

ꜥnw

[Middle Kingdom]

[New Kingdom]

[Greco-Roman Period]

abbreviation

Etymology 3

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Nominalized from the participle ofꜥnj(“to be beautiful, pleasant, kind”).

Noun

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kind,pleasant man

Inflection

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Declension ofꜥn (masculine)
singular	ꜥn
dual	ꜥnwj
plural	ꜥnw

Etymology 4

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Compareꜥf(“there”) andꜥꜣ(“here, there”), apparently paralleling the several series of demonstrative determiners with endings-n,-f,-ꜣ, for instancepn,pf, andpꜣ.

Adverb

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(Neo-Middle Egyptian)here[18th Dynasty]

Old Egyptian demonstratives
	determiners						pronouns¹	adverbs
	singular		dual		plural		unmarked
	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine	unmarked
proximal to speaker	pn	tn	*jpnj	jptnj,jptntj	jpn	jptn	nn	—
distal	pf	tf	*jpfj	jptfj,jptftj	jpf	jptf	nf	—
proximal to spoken of	pj,pw,p	tj,tw	jpwj	jptwj,jptwtj	jpw	jptw,jptwt	nw	—
vocative	pꜣ	tꜣ	—	—	—	—	nꜣ	ꜥꜣ

¹ Unmarked for number and gender, but treated syntactically as masculine plurals when used with participles and relative forms, and as feminine singulars when referred to by resumptive pronouns.

Middle Egyptian demonstratives
	determiners and pronouns			adverbs
	singular		plural¹
	masculine	feminine	plural¹
proximal	pn	tn	nn	ꜥn
distal	pf,pfꜣ	tf,tfꜣ	nf,nfꜣ	ꜥf
‘copula’ and vocative	pw,pwy	tw,twy	nw	—
anaphoric	pꜣ	tꜣ	nꜣ	ꜥꜣ

¹ Joined byn(j) to nouns they modify.

Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles
	masculine	feminine	plural	adverb
pronoun	pꜣw			dj
determiners and pronouns	pꜣj	tꜣj	nꜣj
possessive determiners¹	pꜣy	tꜣy	nꜣy
relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’)	p-n,pꜣ	t-nt,tꜣ	nꜣyw,nꜣ
definite articles	pꜣ	tꜣ	nꜣ²
indefinite articles	wꜥ²		nhꜣy²

¹ Used with suffix pronouns.
² Originally joined byn(j) to nouns they modify; later without it.

References

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“ꜥn (lemma ID 38050)”, “ꜥn (lemma ID 38020)”, “ꜥn (lemma ID 38080)”, and “ꜥn (lemma ID 38000)”, inThesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig,2004–26 July 2023
Erman, Adolf;Grapow, Hermann (1926),Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag,→ISBN,pages187.11, 187.13–187.14, 189.8–189.16, 190.7
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962),A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute,→ISBN,page43
Loprieno, Antonio (1995),Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,→ISBN,pages68–69