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龍

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:龙and竜

龍	U+9F8D,龍 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F8D

←龌
[U+9F8C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

龎 →
[U+9F8E]

⿓	U+2FD3,⿓ KANGXI RADICAL DRAGON

←⿒
[U+2FD2]

Kangxi Radicals

⿔ →
[U+2FD4]

龍	U+F9C4,龍 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9C4

←遼
[U+F9C3]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

暈 →
[U+F9C5]

Translingual

[edit]

Stroke order

Traditional	龍
Shinjitai	竜
Simplified	龙

Han character

[edit]

See images of
Radical 212龍

龍 (Kangxi radical 212,龍+0, 16 strokes,cangjie input卜月卜尸心 (YBYSP),four-corner0121₁,composition⿰𦚏𳑳)

Kangxi radical #212,⿓.
Shuowen Jiezi radical №427

Derived characters

[edit]

Appendix:Chinese radical/龍
儱, 嚨, 壠, 巄, 徿, 攏, 瀧, 隴, 曨, 朧, 櫳, 爖, 瓏, 矓, 礲, 䆍, 襱, 䌬, 䏊, 蠬, 豅, 贚, 躘, 䡁, 鑨, 䪊, 䮾, 壟, 㰍, 礱, 聾, 蠪, 襲, 讋, 驡, 鸗, 寵, 巃, 蘢, 竉, 籠, 靇, 龐

Additional Derived Characters

𫲘, 𢤱, 𣰵, 𤜆, 𦢫, 𤳽, 𦪽, 𮙇, 𧲖, 𧾪, 𨏠, 𨳁, 𩙘, 𩟭, 𪐖, 𫦞, 𫑰, 𫿤, 𦒮, 𪈗, 𡃡, 𡾩, 𢤲, 𢸭, 𤮨, 𦪿, 𨇘, 𪎁, 𠖥, 𦌼, 𫅍, 𩰀, 𪔷, 𤼃

Related characters

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竜(Japaneseshinjitai, also an ancient form of龍)
龙(Simplified Chinese)

Bailang

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Coblin, reconstructing the Bailang pronunciation as*gljung, suggests that it derives fromProto-Sino-Tibetan *kl(j)u(ŋ/k) (“river, gorge”) and retains its consonant cluster, which was lost inProto-Lolo-Burmese. CompareTibetanལྗོངས(ljongs),Chinese谷 (OC*kloːɡ).

Noun

[edit]

龍 (*gljung)

gorge

References

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W. South Coblin, "A New Study of the Pai-lang Songs" (1979),Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies, 12:179–216
Christopher I. Beckwith, "The Pai-lang songs: The earliest texts in a Tibeto-Burman language and their Late Old Chinese transcriptions" (2008), inMedieval Tibeto-Burman Languages III

Chinese

[edit]

trad.		龍
simp.		龙
alternative forms		㡣䮾／𩧪䰱竜龒㡣䮾／𩧪䰱竜龒𠉒𠊋𢀀𢄫𢅛𥪐𥪑𥪖𥪢𥫆𥫈𦱉𦱸

Wikipedia has articles on:

龍 /龙(Chinese)
龍 /龙(Cantonese)
龍(Classical Chinese)
龍 /龙(Gan)
liùng(Hakka)
lṳ̀ng(Eastern Min)
lêng(Min Nan)
龙(Wu)

Glyph origin

[edit]

Historical forms of the character龍
Shang		Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)	Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the samephonetic series (龍)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
驡	ʔslaːŋʔ, roŋ
龐	*broːŋ
瀧	rroːŋ, sroːŋ, *roːŋ
籠	roːŋ, roːŋʔ, *roŋ
豅	*roːŋ
朧	roːŋ, roŋs
龓	roːŋ, roːŋʔ
聾	*roːŋ
礱	roːŋ, roːŋs
嚨	*roːŋ
蘢	roːŋ, roŋ
櫳	*roːŋ
襱	roːŋ, roːŋʔ, *r'oŋʔ
瓏	*roːŋ
曨	roːŋ, roːŋʔ
鸗	roːŋ, roŋ
蠪	*roːŋ
巃	*roːŋʔ
竉	*roːŋʔ
攏	*roːŋʔ
儱	roːŋʔ, roŋs
龍	b·roŋ, mroːŋ
躘	roŋ, roŋs
隴	*roŋʔ
壠	*roŋʔ
壟	*roŋʔ
寵	*r̥ʰoŋʔ
龏	kloŋ, kloŋs, *qroːɡ

Pictogram (象形) – originally a serpent with a prominent whiskered mouth and eyes.

Current form developed in large seal script, with serpent’s body on right (tail at upper right, legs on right), whiskered/fanged mouth at lower left, and eyes/crown at upper left. Left side was subsequently simplified and abstracted, with some influence of立 and⺼/月. Note that竜 existed as a traditional variant dating back to large seal script, and figures a dragon seen face-on, rather than curled around.

Compare𦝠 (luó), which represents a particular kind of dragon.

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*m-bru(ŋ/k)(“dragon; thunder”). Cognate withTibetanའབྲུག('brug,“dragon; thunder”). The STEDT database also lists隆 (OC*ɡ·ruːŋ, “thunder; sound of thunder”) and雹 (OC*bruːɡ, “hail”) as cognates. Also compare靐 (OC*brɯŋs, “sound of thunder”) and霹靂 (OC*pʰeːɡ reːɡ, “thunder”).

This word is found in many languages of the region. CompareProto-Hmong-Mien *-roŋ (“dragon”) (White Hmong zaj),Proto-Vietic *-roːŋ (“dragon”) (Vietnameserồng),Vietnamese thuồngluồng (“serpent-like monster”),Khmerរោង(roong,“year of the dragon”),Thaiมะโรง(má-roong,“dragon; year of the dragon”),Laoມະໂລງ(ma lōng,“year of the dragon”), perhaps alsoOld Turkic [script needed] (*-lan, suffix denoting a wild, predatory animal) (Turkish aslan (“lion”),kaplan (“tiger”),yılan (“snake”)).

Pronunciation

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Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin):lóng (long²)
(Zhuyin):ㄌㄨㄥˊ
(Chengdu,Sichuanese Pinyin):nong²
(Xi'an,Guanzhong Pinyin):lóng
(Nanjing,Nanjing Pinyin):lón
(Dungan,Cyrillic andWiktionary):лун (lun, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):lung⁴ /lung^4-2
(Dongguan,Jyutping++):ngung⁴
(Taishan,Wiktionary):luung³
Gan(Wiktionary):lung⁴
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):liùng / lùng
(Hailu,HRS):liung / lung
(Meixian,Guangdong):liung²
Jin(Wiktionary):lung¹
Northern Min(KCR):lê̤ng
Eastern Min(BUC):lṳ̀ng / lèng / liòng^→lùng
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):loeng² / lyoeng² / lieng² / luerng²
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):lêng /gêng /liâng /ngúi /liông
(Teochew,Peng'im):lêng⁵
(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin):liang⁵ / long⁵
Southern Pinghua(Nanning,Jyutping++):loeng⁴
Wu(Wugniu)
- (Northern):⁶lon /²lon
- (Jinhua):²lon
Xiang
(Changsha,Wiktionary):long²
(Loudi,Wiktionary):neng²
(Hengyang,Wiktionary):leng²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:lóng
  - Zhuyin:ㄌㄨㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:lóng
  - Wade–Giles:lung²
  - Yale:lúng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:long
  - Palladius:лун(lun)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/lʊŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin:nong²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz:lung
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/noŋ²¹/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin:lóng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/luəŋ²⁴/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin:lón
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered):lon²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/loŋ²⁴/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic andWiktionary:лун (lun, I)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/luŋ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:lung⁴ / lung^4-2
  - Yale:lùhng / lúng
  - Cantonese Pinyin:lung⁴ / lung^4-2
  - Guangdong Romanization:lung⁴ / lung^4-2
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/lʊŋ²¹/, /lʊŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

Note: lung4-2 - "goal" and in烏龍 (wu¹ lung^4-2).

- (Dongguan,Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++:ngung⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ŋʊŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese,Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary:luung³
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/lɵŋ²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary:lung⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/luŋ³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:liùng / lùng
  - Hakka Romanization System:liung^ˇ / lung^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:liung² / lung²
  - SinologicalIPA:/li̯uŋ¹¹/, /luŋ¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl.Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System:liung / lung
  - SinologicalIPA:/liuŋ⁵⁵/, /luŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong:liung²
  - SinologicalIPA:/liʊŋ¹¹/

Note: lùng/lung - only in龍龍鍾鍾／龙龙钟钟.

Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary:lung¹
  - SinologicalIPA (old-style):/luŋ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized:lê̤ng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/lœyŋ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:lṳ̀ng / lèng / liòng^→lùng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/l̃yŋ⁵³/, /l̃ɛiŋ⁵³/, /l̃uŋ⁵³/

Note:

lṳ̀ng - literary;
lèng - vernacular (only used in龍眼);
liòng > lùng - literary (only used in龍船).

Puxian Min
- (Putian,Jiangkou,Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:loeng²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:lé̤ng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/lœŋ¹³/
- (Youyang)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:loeng²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/lœŋ²⁴/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:lyoeng²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/lyøŋ²⁴/
- (Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:lieng²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/lieŋ²⁴/
- (Donghai)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:luerng²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/luɤŋ¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,Jinjiang,Nan'an,Hui'an,Yongchun,Changtai,GeneralTaiwanese,Singapore,Penang,Klang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:lêng
  - Tâi-lô:lîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun:leeng
  - SinologicalIPA (Penang):/leŋ²³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Quanzhou,Jinjiang,Nan'an,Yongchun,Taipei):/liɪŋ²⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Hui'an,Changtai,Singapore,Klang):/leŋ²⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/liɪŋ²³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangzhou):/liɪŋ¹³/
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Taipei,Kaohsiung,Tainan,Hsinchu,Lukang,Magong,Kinmen,Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:gêng
  - Tâi-lô:gîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun:geeng
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/ɡiɪŋ²³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Singapore):/ɡeŋ²⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Taipei,Tainan,Lukang,Kinmen):/ɡiɪŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien:Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:liâng
  - Tâi-lô:liâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun:liaang
- (Hokkien:Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:ngúi
  - Tâi-lô:nguí
  - Phofsit Daibuun:nguie
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou):/ŋuĩ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,Jinjiang,Nan'an,Hui'an,Yongchun,Zhangpu,Changtai,Longyan,GeneralTaiwanese,Singapore,Penang,Klang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:liông
  - Tâi-lô:liông
  - Phofsit Daibuun:lioong
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangzhou):/liɔŋ¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Quanzhou,Jinjiang,Nan'an,Hui'an,Yongchun,Changtai,Taipei,Singapore,Klang):/liɔŋ²⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Longyan):/lioŋ¹¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung,Penang):/liɔŋ²³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangpu):/liɔŋ²¹³/

Note:

lêng - vernacular;
gêng/liâng/ngúi - vernacular (only used in龍眼);
liông - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im:lêng⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:lêng
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/leŋ⁵⁵/
(Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin:liang⁵ / long⁵
- SinologicalIPA:/liaŋ²²/, /lɔŋ²²/

Note:

liang5 - vernacular;
long5 - literary.

Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua,Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++:loeng⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/løŋ²¹/
Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai)
  - Wugniu:⁶lon
  - MiniDict:lon^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):³lon
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/loŋ²³/
- (Northern:Jiading,Songjiang,Chongming,Suzhou,Changzhou,Jiaxing,Tongxiang,Haining,Haiyan,Hangzhou,Shaoxing,Ningbo,Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu:²lon
  - MiniDict:lon^平
  - SinologicalIPA (Jiading):/loŋ³¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Songjiang):/loŋ³¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Chongming):/ɦloŋ²⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Suzhou):/loŋ²²³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Changzhou):/loŋ¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Jiaxing):/loŋ³¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Tongxiang):/lõ²²/
  - SinologicalIPA (Haining):/lõ¹¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Haiyan):/lõ³¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Hangzhou):/loŋ²³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Shaoxing):/loŋ²³¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Ningbo):/loŋ³¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhoushan):/loŋ²²/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu:²lon
  - SinologicalIPA (Jinhua):/loŋ³¹³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary:long²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key) (old-style):/l̃ʊŋ¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA^(key) (new-style):/lən¹³/
- (Loudi)
  - Wiktionary:neng²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/nɤŋ¹³/
- (Hengyang)
  - Wiktionary:leng²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/lɤŋ¹¹/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 龍
Mandarin	Beijing	/luŋ³⁵/
	Harbin	/luŋ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/luŋ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/luŋ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ləŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/luŋ⁴²/ /lyuŋ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/luŋ²⁴/
	Xining	/luə̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/luŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/lũn⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/luŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/noŋ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/noŋ³¹/
	Guiyang	/noŋ²¹/
	Kunming	/loŋ³¹/
	Nanjing	/loŋ²⁴/
	Hefei	/ləŋ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/luəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/luŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/lũŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/loŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/loŋ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/loŋ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/liɛ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/lʌ̃⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/lin⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/loŋ¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/nən¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/luŋ⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/liuŋ¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/lioŋ¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/loŋ²¹/
	Nanning	/luŋ²¹/
	Hong Kong	/luŋ²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/liɔŋ³⁵/ /liŋ³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/lyŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/lœyŋ³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/loŋ⁵⁵/ /leŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/loŋ³¹/ /liaŋ³¹/

Middle Chinese:ljowng

Rime
Character	龍
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力鍾切
Baxter	ljowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/lioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/lioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/luawŋ/
Li Rong	/lioŋ/
Wang Li	/lĭwoŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lung⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*[mə]-roŋ/
(Zhengzhang):/*b·roŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	龍
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lóng
Middle Chinese	‹ ljowng ›
Old Chinese	/*[mə]-roŋ/
English	dragon
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	龍
Reading #	1/2
No.	8436
Phonetic component	龍
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	龍
Old Chinese	/*b·roŋ/

Definitions

[edit]

龍

(mythology)Chinese dragon(Classifier:條／条mch; 尾mn)
(mythology)Western dragon
(figurative)emperor;sovereign;king; of theemperor
龍椅／龙椅 ― lóngyǐ ― imperial chair
(figurative)chief;hero;towering figure
(by extension)dragon-shaped object;long object
(by extension)dragon-adorned object
(zoology, paleontology)extinct reptilian creature;-saur
恐龍／恐龙 ― kǒnglóng ― dinosaur
翼手龍／翼手龙 ― yìshǒulóng ― pterodactyl
(Eastern Min) to becomeclear-minded; to berevitalised
(Cantonese, soccer and other sports)goal(Classifier:個／个c)
(Cantonese, soccer and other sports)goalkeeper(Classifier:個／个c)
(figurative)queue;line(Classifier:條／条c)
排長龍／排长龙[Cantonese] ― paai⁴ coeng⁴lung⁴[Jyutping] ― to form a longqueue
(Hong Kong Cantonese, slang)money
(Hong Kong Cantonese, slang)snake meat
(Shanghainese, slang) ahundred of acurrency designation
Synonym:籠 /笼
(dialectal)rainbow
asurname
龍雲／龙云 ― Lóng Yún ― Long Yun (Yunnan warlord)

Synonyms

[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of球門 (“goal (in sports)”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)		球門
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	球門
Cantonese	Guangzhou	龍門,大門
Cantonese	Hong Kong	龍門,龍
Southern Min	Xiamen	球門
Southern Min	Leizhou	波門

Dialectal synonyms of守門員 (“goalkeeper”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)		守門員,門將,門衛
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	守門員,門將
Cantonese	Guangzhou	龍門,大門
Cantonese	Hong Kong	龍門,龍,門將
Southern Min	Leizhou	波門
Wu	Shanghai	搞爾

Dialectal synonyms of虹 (“rainbow”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		虹,螮蝀,雩,隮
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)		彩虹,虹
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	虹
	Taiwan	彩虹
	Langfang	虹
	Chengde	虹
	Ulanhot	七彩虹
	Tongliao	彩虹
	Chifeng	虹,大虹
	Hulunbuir(Hailar)	虹,彩虹
	Heihe	虹,彩虹
	Qiqihar	虹
	Harbin	虹,紅虹
	Wuchang(Yingchengzi)	虹
	Jiamusi	虹
	Baicheng	虹
	Changchun	虹
	Tonghua	虹
	Shenyang	虹,彩虹
	Jinzhou	虹,彩虹
	Singapore	彩虹
	Olginsky(Mikhaylovka)	虹
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	虹
	Tangshan	虹,彩虹
	Cangzhou	虹
	Xianxian(Xiaoying)	彩虹,虹
	Baoding	虹,彩虹
	Shijiazhuang	虹
	Lijin	虹
	Rizhao	虹
	Jinan	虹
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	虹
	Dandong	虹
	Yantai	虹
	Yantai(Muping)	虹
	Qingdao	虹
	Zhucheng	虹
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	虹
	Lingbao	虹
	Jining	虹
	Daming	虹
	Wanrong	虹
	Linfen	虹
	Shangqiu	虹,彩虹
	Yuanyang	虹
	Zhengzhou	虹
	Kaifeng	虹
	Xinyang	虹
	Ankang	虹
	Ankang(Xianhe, Hanbin)	虹
	Baihe	虹
	Baihe(Maoping)	虹
	Xi'an	虹,彩虹
	Dingbian	彩虹
	Baoji	虹
	Tongxin	虹
	Yanchi	虹
	Guyuan	虹
	Longde	虹
	Jingyuan	虹
	Tianshui	虹
	Hezuo	虹
	Xining	虹
	Yanqi	虹
	Xuzhou	虹
	Pizhou	虹
	Lianyungang(Ganyu)	虹
	Donghai	虹
	Fuyang	虹
	Qimen(Anling; Junhua)	虹
	Sokuluk(Gansu Dungan)	虹
	Masanchin(Shaanxi Dungan)	虹
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	虹,彩虹
	Yongning(Najiahu)	虹
	Wuzhong	虹
	Zhongwei	虹
	Bayanhot	彩虹,虹
	Lanzhou	虹
	Dunhuang	虹
	Wuwei	虹
	Wuwei(Zhangyi)	虹
	Hami	虹
	Ürümqi	虹
	Ürümqi(Xigou)	彩虹
	Ürümqi(Changshanzi)	虹
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	虹,天橋,彩虹,天龍
	Chengdu(Xindu)	虹
	Chengdu(Pidu)	龍,虹
	Chengdu(Wenjiang)	龍,虹
	Chengdu(Shuangliu)	龍,虹
	Chengdu(Xinjin)	龍,虹
	Jintang	虹
	Pengzhou	龍,虹
	Dujiangyan	虹
	Chongzhou	龍,龍王,虹
	Dayi	虹
	Pujiang	虹
	Qionglai	天龍,龍,虹
	Nanchong	虹,彩虹
	Dazhou	虹
	Hanyuan	虹
	Xichang	虹
	Zigong	彩虹
	Muli	虹
	Chongqing	虹,彩虹
	Wuhan	虹
	Yichang	虹,彩虹
	Xiangyang	虹,彩虹
	Tianmen	虹,曬虹
	Guiyang	虹
	Zunyi	虹
	Bijie	虹
	Liping	虹,虹濟水
	Zhaotong	虹
	Shuifu	虹吃水
	Daguan	虹
	Dali	虹
	Kunming	虹,彩虹
	Mengzi	虹,彩虹
	Guilin	虹,彩虹
	Guilin(Lingui)	虹
	Pingle	龍虹,彩虹
	Liuzhou	虹,彩虹
	Liuzhou(Luorong)	虹
	Luzhai	彩虹
	Nanning(Xiakuojie)	虹
	Nanning(Wuming)	彩虹
	Binyang(Nanjie)	龍虹
	Hechi(Yizhou)	龍虹
	Luocheng(Dongmen)	龍虹 dated,彩虹
	Tianlin(Langping)	虹
	Tianlin(Pingtang)	虹
	Xiangzhou(Nalu)	虹槓東
	Jishou	虹,螞蟥幹
	Changde	虹,馬雲
	Xiangtan(Jiangnan Industries Group koine)	彩虹
	Shiquan	虹
	Ziyang	虹
	Hanzhong	虹
	Kokang	虹吃水,龍虹
	Dagudi(Maliba)	彩虹
	Reshuitang(Longling)	老虹
	Mae Salong(Lancang)	老虹,彩虹
	Mae Sai(Tengchong)	老虹
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	虹
	Yangzhou	虹
	Baoying	虹
	Taizhou	虹
	Zhenjiang	虹
	Lianyungang	虹
	Huai'an(Huaiyin)	虹
	Lianshui	虹
	Xuyi	虹
	Nantong	鱟,虹
	Rugao	曬虹
	Yancheng	虹
	Funing	虹
	Sihong	虹,絳
	Anqing	虹
	Zongyang	虹
	Wuhu	虹
	Hefei	虹
	Chuzhou	虹
	Huanggang	虹
	Hong'an	虹
	Jinhua(Shuiduiji)	虹
Mandarin	Jiangshan(Nianbadu)	虹
	Kaihua(Huabu)	虹
	Yushan(Huaiyu)	虹
Cantonese	Guangzhou	虹,天虹,龍拱
	Hong Kong	彩虹,天虹
	Hong Kong(San Tin; Weitou)	天弓
	Hong Kong(Kam Tin; Weitou)	虹
	Hong Kong(Ting Kok)	天弓
	Hong Kong(Tung Ping Chau)	天虹
	Macau	虹
	Guangzhou(Panyu)	虹
	Guangzhou(Conghua)	龍
	Guangzhou(Zengcheng)	龍虹
	Foshan	鑊耳龍
	Foshan(Shatou, Nanhai)	龍
	Foshan(Shunde)	拱篷
	Foshan(Sanshui)	鑊耳龍
	Foshan(Mingcheng, Gaoming)	龍
	Zhongshan(Shiqi)	虹拱
	Zhuhai(Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	播虹
	Zhuhai(Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	龍孔
	Zhuhai(Doumen)	龍孔
	Jiangmen(Baisha)	叫虹
	Jiangmen(Xinhui)	鑊耳,水拱
	Taishan	鑊耳,水虹,水拱
	Taishan(Guanghai)	龍生水,鑊耳虹,彩虹
	Kaiping(Chikan)	鑊耳龍,水拱
	Enping(Niujiang)	鑊耳龍
	Heshan(Yayao)	虹
	Dongguan	虹
	Shenzhen(Shajing, Bao'an)	虹
	Shenzhen(Dapeng)	天弓
	Qingyuan	虹
	Fogang	虹,龍
	Yingde(Hanguang)	天弓
	Yangshan	虹
	Lianshan(Butian)	汗龍
	Lianzhou(Qingshui; Sihui)	天虹
	Shaoguan	虹
	Shaoguan(Qujiang)	虹
	Renhua	天虹
	Lechang	天虹
	Zhaoqing(Gaoyao)	龍
	Sihui	龍
	Guangning	龍
	Deqing	龍
	Huaiji	虹
	Fengkai(Nanfeng)	旱龍
	Yunfu	龍
	Xinxing	龍
	Yunan(Pingtai)	龍
	Yangjiang	破篷
	Xinyi	湴更
	Lianjiang	虹
	Nanning	虹,彩虹
	Nanning(Tanka)	彩虹
	Wuzhou	彩虹
	Wuzhou(Longxu)	虹
	Yulin	龐虹
	Hepu(Lianzhou)	天虹,虹
	Hepu(Shatian)	拱
	Guiping	虹,天橋
	Guiping(Jintian)	虹
	Guiping(Jiangkou)	虹,彩虹
	Guiping(Madong)	龐虹
	Guiping(Mule)	虹
	Pingnan	彩虹
Pingnan(Danzhu)	龍
Mengshan(Xihe)	龍
Guigang(Gangcheng)	霓,彩虹
Guigang(Nanjiang)	虹
Guigang(Pingdong)	通虹
Beiliu	湴界,彩虹
Beiliu(Tangliao)	虹
Baise	虹,雙虹
Bobai	虹
Lingshan	龐虹
Pubei	龐虹
Qinzhou	天虹,虹,彩虹
Qinzhou(Xiaodong)	龐虹
Qinzhou(Changtan)	龐虹
Qinzhou(Nasi)	龐虹
Qinzhou(Xiniujiao)	虹
Beihai	天虹,天橋
Beihai(Nankang)	拱
Beihai(Yingpan)	拱
Beihai(Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	拱
Beihai(Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	篷拱
Ningming	虹
Hezhou(Pumen, Babu)	虹
Fangchenggang(Fangcheng)	天弓
Chongzuo(Laituan)	天虹
Fusui(Qujiu)	蛤筒食水
Lingchuan(Yangjia)	龍虹
Pingle(Majia)	彩虹
Pingle(Shuishan)	虹
Danzhou	天虹
Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu)	彩虹,彩龍
Sarikei(Xinhui)	龍拱
Ho Chi Minh City(Guangfu)	彩虹
Móng Cái	天弓
Yangon(Taishan)	虹
Mandalay(Taishan)	鑊耳虹
Bangkok(Guangfu)	虹
Gan	Nanchang	虹
	Pengze	虹
	Yanshan(Hekou)	虹
	Lichuan	天虹,天吊,虹
	Pingxiang	虹
	Guixi	虹
	Ankang(Niuti)	虹
Hakka	Meixian	天弓
	Xingning	天弓
	Fengshun(Liuhuang)	彩虹,虹仔
	Huizhou(Huicheng; Bendihua)	彩虹,青里
	Huidong(Daling)	天弓
	Dongguan(Qingxi)	天弓
	Shenzhen(Shatoujiao)	天弓
	Guangzhou(Zhengguo, Zengcheng)	天弓
	Zhongshan(Wuguishan)	天弓食水
	Zhongshan(Nanlang Heshui)	虹
	Wuhua(Shuizhai)	天弓
	Wuhua(Huacheng)	天弓
	Wuhua(Changbu)	天弓
	Wuhua(Mianyang)	天弓
	Heyuan(Bendihua)	虹
	Zijin	天弓
	Lianping	天光灌水
	Nanxiong(Zhuji)	虹
	Shaoguan(Qujiang)	天弓
	Lianshan(Xiaosanjiang)	龍
	Liannan	天虹
	Guangzhou(Lütian, Conghua)	虹
	Jiexi	弓
	Zhao'an(Xiuzhuan)	虹
	Nanjing(Meilin)	彩虹
	Nanjing(Tianluokeng, Shuyang)	虹
	Changting	虹
	Wuping	天弓
	Wuping(Yanqian)	天弓
	Wuping(Pingyu)	天弓
	Liancheng	虹
	Liancheng(Peitian)	天門神
	Ninghua	虹
	Yudu	虹
	Ningdu	虹
	Ruijin	虹
	Shicheng	虹
	Shangyou(Shexi)	虹
	Tonggu(Sandu)	天虹
	Ganzhou(Panlong)	虹
	Dayu	虹
	Taoyuan	天弓
	Miaoli(N. Sixian)	天弓,虹
	Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)	天弓
	Pingtung(Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	天弓
	Pingtung(Daluguan, Gaoshu; S. Sixian)	天弓
	Pingtung(Jiadong; S. Sixian)	天弓
	Kaohsiung(Meinong; S. Sixian)	天弓
	Kaohsiung(Shanlin; S. Sixian)	天弓
	Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)	虹
	Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)	天弓
	Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)	虹
	Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)	虹
	Hong Kong	天弓
	Mengshan(Xihe)	虹
	Luchuan	天公虹
	Luchuan(Daqiao)	天公降水
	Bobai(Shahe)	天弓
	Bobai(Longtan)	天弓
	Bobai(Lingping)	天弓
	Beiliu(Tang'an)	天公食水
	Beiliu(Gonghe, Xilang)	天弓
	Xingye(Gaofeng)	天弓
	Mashan(Pianlian)	天公食水
Guigang(Wule)	天弓
Guigang(Qiaoxu)	天弓
Guigang(Batang)	天弓
Guiping(Dongxin)	彩虹
Pingnan(Guo'an)	天弓
Guilin(Xiaojiang, Lingui)	虹
Lipu(Shuangduitun)	彩虹
Lipu(Dashigu)	彩虹,月龍
Pingle(Tong'an)	彩龍
Guidong	天虹
Chengdu(Longtan)	天弓
Chengdu(Shiling)	天弓
Chengdu(Longwang)	天弓
Chengdu(Shibantan)	天弓
Chengdu(Xindu Subdistrict)	天弓,虹
Sabah(Longchuan)	天弓
Senai(Huiyang)	天弓,彩虹
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa(Hepo)	弓
Singkawang	天弓
Pontianak(Meixian)	天弓
Mempawah(Meixian)	天弓
Medan(Metal - Meixian)	彩虹
Singapore(Meixian)	天弓
Singapore(Dabu)	彩虹
Bangkok(Meixian)	彩虹,天弓
Bangkok(Fengshun)	弓
Bangkok(Jiexi)	弓
Huizhou	Jixi	日頭紅虹,虹
	Shexian	虹,彩虹
	Shexian(Xianggao)	虹
	Shexian(Daguyun)	虹
	Huangshan(Tunxi)	虹
	Yixian	虹
	Qimen	虹
	Qimen(Anling; Minhua)	虹
	Wuyuan	虹
	Fuliang	虹
	Dexing	彩虹
	Shitai(Xianyu)	虹
Jin	Taiyuan	虹
	Taiyuan(Jiancaoping)	虹
	Pingyao	虹
	Yangyuan	虹
	Datong	虹
	Datong(Xicetian, Yunzhou)	虹
	Xinzhou	虹
	Lüliang(Lishi)	虹
	Changzhi	虹
	Changzhi(Tunliu)	虹
	Taibus(Baochang)	虹
	Linhe	虹
	Jining	虹
	Hohhot	虹
	Baotou	虹
	Dongsheng	虹
	Haibowan	虹
	Erenhot	虹
	Pingshan	虹
	Zhangjiakou	虹
	Handan	虹
	Anyang	彩虹
	Linzhou	虹
	Suide	虹,水罐
	Zizhou	水罐
	Mizhi	虹
	Jiaxian	虹
	Wubu	水罐子
	Shenmu	虹
	Fugu	罐
	Yulin	虹
	Yulin(Hengshan)	虹
	Jingbian	虹
	Yan'an	虹
	Yan'an(Ansai)	虹
	Ganquan	虹
	Zhidan	虹
	Wuqi	虹
	Qingjian	虹
	Zichang	虹
	Yanchuan	虹
	Yanchang	吊水罐罐
Jiuxing Yumin	Jiande	鱟
	Jinhua	鱟
	Lanxi	鱟
	Tunxi	虹
Northern Min	Jian'ou	虹
	Jian'ou(Dikou)	虹
	Zhenghe(Zhenqian)	虹
	Pucheng(Shibei)	虹,攔溪仔 dated
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	虹
	Fuqing	虹
	Gutian	虹
	Shouning	虹
	Matsu	虹
Southern Min	Xiamen	虹
	Quanzhou	虹
	Jinjiang	虹
	Yongchun	虹
	Zhangzhou	虹
	Hua'an	虹
	Dongshan	虹
	Taipei	虹
	New Taipei(Sanxia)	虹
	Kaohsiung	虹
	Yilan	虹
	Changhua(Lukang)	虹
	Taichung	虹
	Taichung(Wuqi)	虹
	Tainan	虹
	Taitung	虹
	Hsinchu	虹
	Kinmen	虹
	Penghu(Magong)	虹
	Penang(Hokkien)	虹
	Singapore(Hokkien)	虹
	Manila(Hokkien)	彩虹
	Zhangping(Yongfu)	天虹
	Pingnan(Shangdu)	虹
	Pingnan(Pingtian)	虹
	Pingnan(Sijie)	虹
	Guiping(Xiaowen)	虹,彩虹
	Guiping(Dongsheng)	發紅雲
	Guilin(Biyange)	龍公
	Pingle(Zhoutang)	龍,天橋
	Lechang(Tatou)	天虹
	Renhua(Changshabei)	天虹
	Yingde(Yuzui)	虹
	Yunan(Liantan)	龍,虹
	Yuhuan(Kanmen)	虹
	Chaozhou	虹
	Shantou	虹
	Shantou(Chenghai)	虹
	Shantou(Chaoyang)	虹,彩虹
	Jieyang	虹
	Haifeng	虹
	Bangkok(Teochew)	虹
	Chiang Mai(Teochew)	彩虹
	Hat Yai(Teochew)	虹
	Johor Bahru(Teochew)	虹
	Pontianak(Teochew)	虹
	Leizhou	虹
	Wenchang	虹
	Haikou	虹
	Wanning	虹
Puxian Min	Putian	虹
	Putian(Donghai, Chengxiang)	虹
	Putian(Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	虹
	Putian(Nanri, Xiuyu)	虹
	Xianyou	虹
	Xianyou(Fengting)	虹
	Xianyou(Youyang)	虹
	Fuding(Aoyao)	虹
Central Min	Yong'an	虹
Central Min	Sanming(Sanyuan)	虹
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan(Longdu, Shaxi)	播虹
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan(Sanxiang)	跨篷
Southern Pinghua	Nanning(Tingzi)	虹
	Nanning(Shajing)	虹
	Nanning(Gejiayuan)	虹
	Nanning(Zhegulu)	虹,拱橋
	Nanning(Silian)	虹,天虹
	Nanning(Xiuxiang)	虹
	Nanning(Sucun)	虹,幹筒
	Binyang	虹,龍虹
	Binyang(Xinqiao)	虹
	Hengzhou(Baihe)	龐虹
	Wuxuan(Laishan)	天龍
	Wuxuan(Zhangcun)	虹
	Liucheng(Yangmei)	虹
	Liucheng(Guzhai)	龍吃水
	Liucheng(Liming)	龍
	Rongshui	虹
	Hechi(Desheng, Yizhou)	虹
	Luocheng(Niubi)	長虹
Northern Pinghua	Guilin(Dahe)	虹
	Guilin(Chaoyang)	虹
	Guilin(Dongbianzhou)	虹
	Guilin(Zhuyuan)	虹
	Guilin(Dabu)	雨界
	Guilin(Yangjia)	龍
	Guilin(Qianjing)	雨虹
	Guilin(Wutong, Lingui)	江東龍,龍虹
	Guilin(Huangsha, Lingui)	龍虹
	Guilin(Liangjiang, Lingui)	天龍,彩圈
	Guilin(Liutang, Lingui)	虹
	Lingchuan(Sanjie)	虹
	Lingchuan(Gaoqiao)	虹
	Lingchuan(Gudong)	龍虹
	Lingchuan(Tanxia)	虹
	Lingchuan(Shuangzhou)	彩虹,虹
	Lingchuan(Gongping)	龍虹
	Guanyang(Guanyinge)	龍虹
	Pingle(Zhangjia)	虹
	Pingle(Xintangmian)	天龍
	Yangshuo(Putao)	雨虹
	Yongfu(Tangbao)	虹
	Zhongshan(Gong'an)	虹
Shehua	Ningde	蛟龍
	Fu'an	蛟龍
	Fuding	蛟龍
	Zhouning	蛟龍
	Xiapu	蛟龍
	Shouning	虹
	Gutian	蛟龍
	Luoyuan	蛟龍
	Sanming	蛟龍
	Shunchang	蛟龍
	Hua'an	蛟龍
	Guixi(Zhangping)	蛟龍
	Yanshan(Taiyuan)	蛟龍
	Cangnan	蛟龍
	Jingning(Hexi)	蛟龍
	Lishui	蛟龍
	Longyou	蛟龍
	Hangzhou(Lin'an)	蛟龍
	Chaozhou	蛟龍
	Fengshun	蛟龍
Waxiang	Yuanling(Shaojiwan)	螞蟥雲
Wu	Shanghai	虹,彩虹,鱟 dated
	Shanghai(Songjiang)	鱟
	Shanghai(Jiading)	鱟
	Shanghai(Chongming)	鱟
	Suzhou	鱟,彩虹,虹
	Wuxi	彩虹,虹,鱟
	Changshu	鱟
	Nantong(Haimen)	鱟
	Changzhou	鱟
	Danyang	虹
	Nanjing(Gaochun)	虹
	Hangzhou	鱟,彩虹
	Hangzhou(Fuyang)	鱟
	Shaoxing	鱟
	Ningbo	鱟,虹
	Ningbo(Yinzhou)	鱟
	Zhoushan	鱟
	Linhai	鱟
	Yuhuan(Damaiyu)	鱟
	Yuhuan(Chumen)	鱟
	Wenzhou	鱟
	Songyang(Gushi)	鱟
	Longquan	鱟
	Jinhua	鱟,彩虹
	Jinhua(Tangxi)	熯
Xiang	Changsha	虹
	Xiangtan	虹
	Xiangtan County(Cha'ensi)	虹
	Xiangxiang	虹
	Xiangxiang(Meiqiao)	彩虹
	Loudi	虹
	Shuangfeng	虹
	Hengyang	虹
	Hengshan	虹,雲虹
	Hengshan(Baiguo)	斗雨
	Quanzhou	彩虹
	Guanyang(Wenshi)	虹
	Qinglong(Changliu Laba Miao)	虹
Xiangnan Tuhua	Jiangyong	蟲
Xiangnan Tuhua	Dong'an	虹,螃蟹夾草
Yuebei Tuhua	Shaoguan(Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang)	拱橋
	Shaoguan(Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang)	天弓
	Shaoguan(Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang)	天弓
	Renhua(Zhoutian)	天虹
	Renhua(Shitang)	天狗
	Ruyuan(Songwei, Guitou)	天拱
	Lechang(Changlai)	天虹
	Lechang(Beixiang)	天虹
	Lechang(Huangpu)	天虹
	Lechang(Guitang, Pingshi)	天虹,天橋
	Lechang(Sanxi)	虹

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]

Sino-Xenic (龍):

→ Japanese:竜(りゅう)(ryū)
→ Korean:룡>용(龍)(ryong>yong)
→ Vietnamese:long(龍)

Others:

→ Indonesian:liong
→ Proto-Vietic:*-roːŋ
- Tho:
  - Cuoi Cham:ʐoŋ²
  - Lang Lo:ʐoŋ²
- Viet-Muong:
  - Muong:rồng
  - Middle Vietnamese:蠬(ròu᷄),𧏵(ròu᷄)
    - Vietnamese:rồng
→ Old Turkic:𐰠𐰇(lü)
- → Middle Mongol:ᠯᠤᠤ(luu)
  - Classical Mongolian:ᠯᠤᠤ(luu)
    - Mongolian:ᠯᠤᠤ /луу(luu)
→ Zhuang:lungz

References

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“龍”, in漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1],香港中文大學 (theChinese University of Hong Kong),2014–
“龍”, in重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese),National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan),2021.
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04806
“龍”, in教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien),Ministry of Education, R.O.C.,2026.
“龍”, in教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien),Ministry of Education, R.O.C.,2026.
“龍”, in臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Mandarin and Hakka),Ministry of Education, R.O.C.,2022.
“龍”, in臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Mandarin and Hakka),Ministry of Education, R.O.C.,2022.
李如龙[Li, Ru-long];刘福铸[Liu, Fu-zhu];吴华英[Wu, Hua-ying];黄国城[Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “龙”, in莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min),Xiamen University Press,→ISBN, page286.

Japanese

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Shinjitai	竜
Kyūjitai	龍

Kanji

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See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 龍

龍

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji,shinjitai form竜)

This kanji is the旧(きゅう)字(じ)体(たい)(kyūjitai) form of the新(しん)字(じ)体(たい)(shinjitai) kanji竜, but is used as a component injōyō kanji襲 and籠, with the latter categorized as Jōyō as of 2010.
Although it is officially simplified into竜,龍 is often used instead for certain words for its aesthetics, such as in literary contexts or for spelling words borrowed from Chinese. For example,烏(ウー)龍(ロン)茶(ちゃ)(ūroncha,“oolong tea”) is rarely spelled烏(ウー)竜(ロン)茶(ちゃ)(ūroncha).