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See also:
U+9ED1,黑
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9ED1

[U+9ED0]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9ED2]

U+2FCA,⿊
KANGXI RADICAL BLACK

[U+2FC9]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2FCB]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order

Han character

[edit]
See images of
Radical 203

(Kangxi radical 203,+0, 12 strokes,cangjie input田土火 (WGF),four-corner60331,composition⿱⿻)

  1. Kangxi radical #203,.

Derived characters

[edit]
Additional Derived Characters

Descendants

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary:page 1518, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48038
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2051, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4743, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9ED1

Chinese

[edit]

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character
ShangWestern ZhouSpring and AutumnWarring StatesShuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Oracle bone scriptBronze inscriptionsBronze inscriptionsChu slip and silk scriptQin slip scriptSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the samephonetic series ()(Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*mrɯɡs
*ʔmrɯːd
*mlɯːɡ
*mlɯːɡ
*mɯːɡ
*hmlɯːɡ
*hmlɯːɡ

Pictogram (象形) – a person () with a tattooed face, depicting penal tattooing ( and), one of thefive punishments of ancient China.

In the bronze inscriptions from theSpring and Autumn andWarring States periods, dots were sometimes added around, leadingShuowen to erroneously interpret the character as an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 𡆧(chimney) + (fire; flame) — fire burning under a chimney, causing it to become black from the smoke.

This word displaced the earlier word for "black",. Unrelated to.

Etymology 1

[edit]
simp. andtrad.
alternative forms
𪐗

FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*s-maŋ ~ s-mak. Cognate with (OC*mlɯːɡ, “ink”).

The sense of “hack” is aphono-semantic matching ofEnglishhack.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Note: hěi - variant used in some contexts, e.g.黑豆.

  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
MandarinBeijing/xei⁵⁵/
Harbin/xei⁴⁴/
Tianjin/xei²¹/
Jinan/xei²¹³/
Qingdao/xe⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou/xɛ²⁴/
Xi'an/xei²¹/
Xining/xɨ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan/xɯ¹³/
Lanzhou/xə¹³/
Ürümqi/xei⁴⁴/
Wuhan/xɤ²¹³/
Chengdu/xe³¹/
Guiyang/xɛ²¹/
Kunming/xə³¹/
Nanjing/xəʔ⁵/
Hefei/xɐʔ⁵/
JinTaiyuan/xəʔ²/
Pingyao/xʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot/xəʔ⁴³/
WuShanghai/həʔ⁵/
Suzhou/həʔ⁵/
Hangzhou/hɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou/he²¹³/
HuiShexian/xeʔ²¹/
Tunxi/xə⁵/
XiangChangsha/xə²⁴/
Xiangtan/hæ²⁴/
GanNanchang/hɛʔ⁵/
HakkaMeixian/het̚¹/
Taoyuan/het̚²²/
CantoneseGuangzhou/hɐk̚⁵/
/hak̚⁵/
Nanning/hɐk̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong/hɐk̚⁵/
/hak̚⁵/
MinXiamen (Hokkien)/hik̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min)/haiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min)/xɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew)/hek̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese)

Rime
Character
Reading #1/1
Initial () (32)
Final () (131)
Tone (調)Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division ()I
Fanqie
Baxterxok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/hək̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/hək̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/xək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/hək̚/
Li
Rong
/xək̚/
Wang
Li
/xək̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/xək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
he
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hak1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
hēi
Middle
Chinese
‹ xok ›
Old
Chinese
/*m̥ˁək/ (dialect *m̥ˁ- > xˁ-)
Englishblack

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading #1/1
No.5109
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*hmlɯːɡ/

Definitions

[edit]

  1. black
      ― hēi  ―  black color
    帽子  ― Tā dài zhehēi màozi.  ―  She's wearing ablack hat.
  2. dark;darkness
    這麼[MSC,trad.]
    这么[MSC,simp.]
    Zhèmehēi, wǒ kàn bù jiàn.[Pinyin]
    It's sodark; I can't see.
      ― Tā hěn pàhēi.  ―  She is very afraid of thedark.
    [Cantonese,trad.]
    [Cantonese,simp.]
    seng4 gaan1 fong4-2 hou2haak1.[Jyutping]
    The whole room is verydark.
  3. evening;night
  4. illegal;clandestine;secret;shady
      ― hēishì  ―  black market
      ― hēibāng  ―  criminal gang
    昨天他們公園[MSC,trad.]
    昨天他们公园[MSC,simp.]
    Zuótiān tāmen zài gōngyuán kāi le gehēi huì.[Pinyin]
    They had aclandestine meeting in the park yesterday.
  5. (colloquial) toillegallyreside (in a country)
  6. sinister;evil
  7. (computing) tocrack; tohack
      ― hēi  ― hacker
    可以亨德森辦公室電腦[MSC,trad.]
    可以亨德森办公室电脑[MSC,simp.]
    Nǐ kěyǐhēidiào Hēngdésēn bàngōngshì de diànnǎo ma?[Pinyin]
    Can youhack into Henderson's office computer?
  8. (colloquial) tosmear; tolibel
    有一說一[MSC,trad.]
    有一说一[MSC,simp.]
    Zhè jiàn shì, wǒ kě shì yǒu yī shuō yī, bù chuī bùhēi.[Pinyin]
    As for this thing, I say it as it is and don't boast orlibel.
    ××一次[MSC,trad.]
    ××一次[MSC,simp.]
    Zhè shì × × bèihēi de zuì cǎn de yī cì.[Pinyin]
    This is the time when **** islibelled the most badly.
  9. one wholibels; one whosmears
  10. (by extension)hater;anti-fan
  11. (Cantonese)unlucky;unfortunate
  12. (Hui, euphemistic)pig;pork
  13. short for黑龍江黑龙江 (Hēilóngjiāng, “Heilongjiang province”)
  14. asurname
Synonyms
[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of (“black”)[map]
VarietyLocationWords
Classical Chinese,,,,,
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)
Northeastern MandarinBeijing
Taiwan
Chifeng
Hulunbuir(Hailar)
Harbin
Shenyang
Malaysia
Singapore
Jilu MandarinTianjin
Tangshan
Cangzhou
Baoding
Shijiazhuang
Jinan
Jiaoliao MandarinYantai(Muping)
Qingdao
Central Plains MandarinWanrong
Zhengzhou
Xi'an
Xining
Xuzhou
Lanyin MandarinYinchuan,
Lanzhou
Ürümqi
Southwestern MandarinChengdu, 
Chongqing
Wuhan,, 
Guiyang
Kunming
Guilin
Liuzhou
Jianghuai MandarinNanjing
Yangzhou
Nantong
Hefei
CantoneseGuangzhou
Hong Kong
Hong Kong(San Tin; Weitou)
Hong Kong(Kam Tin; Weitou)
Hong Kong(Ting Kok), skin
Hong Kong(Tung Ping Chau)
Macau
Guangzhou(Panyu)
Guangzhou(Huashan, Huadu)
Guangzhou(Conghua)
Guangzhou(Zengcheng),
Foshan
Foshan(Shatou, Nanhai)
Foshan(Shunde)
Foshan(Sanshui)
Foshan(Mingcheng, Gaoming)
Zhongshan(Shiqi)
Zhuhai(Qianshan, Xiangzhou)
Zhuhai(Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)
Zhuhai(Doumen)
Jiangmen(Baisha)
Jiangmen(Xinhui)
Taishan
Kaiping(Chikan)
Enping(Niujiang)
Heshan(Yayao)
Dongguan
Shenzhen(Shajing, Bao'an)
Shenzhen(Dapeng)
Yangjiang
Nanning
Danzhou
Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu)
Singapore(Guangfu)
GanNanchang,, 
Pingxiang
HakkaMeixian
Xingning
Huizhou(Huicheng; Bendihua)
Huiyang
Huidong(Daling)
Dongguan(Qingxi)
Shenzhen(Shatoujiao)
Zhongshan(Nanlang Heshui)
Wuhua(Huacheng)
Heyuan(Bendihua)
Wengyuan
Shaoguan(Qujiang)
Lianshan(Xiaosanjiang)
Liannan
Guangzhou(Lütian, Conghua)
Jiexi
Zhao'an(Xiuzhuan)
Changting
Wuping
Wuping(Yanqian)
Wuping(Pingyu)
Liancheng
Ninghua
Yudu
Ningdu
Ruijin
Shicheng
Shangyou(Shexi)
Tonggu(Sandu)
Ganzhou(Panlong)
Dayu
Miaoli(N. Sixian)
Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)
Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)
Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)
Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)
Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)
Hong Kong
Yangxi(Tangkou)
Yangchun(Sanjia)
Xinyi(Sihe)
Xinyi(Qianpai)
Gaozhou(Xindong)
Maoming(Shalang, Dianbai)
Huazhou(Xin'an)
Lianjiang(Shijiao)
Lianjiang(Qingping)
Mengshan(Xihe)
Luchuan
Senai(Huiyang)
Kuching(Hepo)
HuizhouJixi
Shexian
JinTaiyuan
Xinzhou
Linhe
Jining
Hohhot
Zhangjiakou
Handan
Northern MinJian'ou, 
Eastern MinFuzhou, 
Fuzhou(Changle)
Fuqing
Yongtai
Gutian
Fu'an
Ningde
Shouning
Zhouning
Fuding
Southern MinXiamen
Quanzhou
Jinjiang
Yongchun
Zhangzhou
Taipei
Kaohsiung
Yilan
Changhua(Lukang)
Taichung
Taichung(Wuqi)
Tainan
Taitung
Hsinchu
Penghu(Magong)
Penang(Hokkien)
Singapore(Hokkien)
Manila(Hokkien)
Medan(Hokkien)
Pingnan(Shangdu)
Chaozhou
Shantou
Shantou(Chenghai)
Jieyang
Lufeng
Haifeng
Johor Bahru(Teochew)
Singapore(Teochew)
Leizhou
Wenchang
Haikou
Qionghai
Singapore(Hainanese)
Puxian MinPutian
Putian(Donghai, Chengxiang)
Putian(Jiangkou, Hanjiang)
Putian(Nanri, Xiuyu)
Xianyou
Xianyou(Fengting)
Xianyou(Youyang)
Zhongshan MinZhongshan(Longdu, Shaxi)
Zhongshan(Sanxiang)
Southern PinghuaNanning(Tingzi),
ShehuaFu'an
Fuding
Luoyuan
Sanming
Shunchang
Hua'an
Guixi(Zhangping)
Cangnan
Jingning(Hexi)
Lishui
Longyou
Chaozhou
Fengshun
WuShanghai
Shanghai(Chongming)
Suzhou
Danyang
Hangzhou
Shaoxing
Ningbo
Wenzhou,, 
Jinhua
XiangChangsha, 
Shuangfeng, 
Note† - usually describes the color of cloth or thread
Dialectal synonyms of倒霉 (“unlucky; out of luck”)[map]
VarietyLocationWords
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)倒霉,倒運,晦氣,背運,背時
Northeastern MandarinTaiwan倒霉,背運,晦氣
Harbin背興
Singapore倒霉
Jilu MandarinJinan倒霉
Jiaoliao MandarinYantai(Muping)倒霉
Central Plains MandarinLuoyang倒霉
Wanrong倒灶
Xi'an倒霉
Xuzhou背時,倒灶
Lanyin MandarinYinchuan倒灶,背時,背運
Ürümqi倒運
Southwestern MandarinChengdu背時,倒灶,背時倒灶
Chongqing(Changshou)背時
Wuhan背時,倒運,點子低,背九一
Liuzhou背時,倒灶,
Jianghuai MandarinYangzhou晦氣
CantoneseGuangzhou,行衰運,,當黑,運滯,倒霉
Hong Kong,行衰運,當衰,,當黑,黑仔,運滯
Hong Kong(Kam Tin; Weitou)當衰
Macau滯運,
Guangzhou(Panyu)運滯,
Guangzhou(Huashan, Huadu)
Guangzhou(Conghua)
Guangzhou(Zengcheng)運滯
Foshan運滯,
Foshan(Shatou, Nanhai)倒霉,運滯
Foshan(Shunde)
Foshan(Sanshui),運滯
Foshan(Mingcheng, Gaoming)失運
Zhongshan(Shiqi)滯運
Zhuhai(Qianshan, Xiangzhou)
Zhuhai(Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)行衰運
Zhuhai(Doumen)滯運,
Jiangmen(Baisha)
Jiangmen(Xinhui)
Taishan,衰來,,黑頸,滯運,倒霉
Kaiping(Chikan)
Enping(Niujiang)
Heshan(Yayao)唔夠運
Dongguan當衰,運滯
Shenzhen(Shajing, Bao'an)
Singapore(Guangfu)
GanNanchang倒霉,倒運,背時
Lichuan倒灶
Pingxiang背時
HakkaMeixian
Huizhou(Huicheng; Bendihua),倒運
Dongguan(Qingxi)
Shenzhen(Shatoujiao)
Zhongshan(Nanlang Heshui)
Guangzhou(Lütian, Conghua)
Miaoli(N. Sixian),衰漦
Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu),衰漦
Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu),衰漦
Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping),衰漦
Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an),衰漦
HuizhouJixi倒霉,倒運,倒灶,背時
JinTaiyuan倒運,背時
Xinzhou背興
Northern MinJian'ou
Eastern MinFuzhou,倒運,倒灶,騎背
Southern MinXiamen,衰䆀,衰潲,衰神,衰運,落衰,歹字運,歹運,拍觸衰
Quanzhou,衰䆀,衰潲,衰運,歹字運,歹運,拍觸衰
Zhangzhou,衰䆀,衰潲,衰運,落衰,䆀字運,拍觸衰,無衣食
Tainan,衰䆀,衰潲,衰尾,落衰,歹運
Penang(Hokkien),衰潲
Singapore(Hokkien)
Manila(Hokkien),衰潲,衰䆀,歹命,歹運,歹字運
Shantou
Jieyang,唔利市
Singapore(Teochew)
Leizhou
Haikou
Zhongshan MinZhongshan(Longdu, Shaxi)滯運
Southern PinghuaNanning(Tingzi)
WuShanghai倒霉,觸霉頭,晦氣
Shanghai(Songjiang)触霉頭
Shanghai(Jiading)觸霉頭,倒運
Shanghai(Chongming),觸霉頭,霉氣,背時,背霉
Suzhou触霉頭
Wuxi触霉頭
Hangzhou倒霉,倒運,倒灶
Shaoxing倒灶
Ningbo倒運,晦氣
Lishui倒灶
Jinyun倒楣,倒灶
Jinhua倒霉,霉運,倒灶,倒運
XiangChangsha背時,走蹩腳
Loudi背時,倒霉

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic ():

Etymology 2

[edit]
simp. andtrad.

Pronunciation

[edit]


  • Dialectal data

Definitions

[edit]

  1. (Hokkien, Teochew, Hainanese)alternative form of /(black)

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

[edit]
See also:

(Jinmeiyō kanjikyūjitai kanji,shinjitai form)

  1. black

Readings

[edit]

Khitan

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Unknown. Perhaps related to Old Uyghur𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰(qʾrʾ/⁠ḳara⁠/,black, west).

Noun

[edit]

(kara)

  1. west

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

(eumhun검을(geomeul heuk))

  1. hanja form? of(black)

Compounds

[edit]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

:Hán Nôm readings:hắc

  1. chữ Hán form ofhắc(black)

Compounds

[edit]
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