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鹽

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:盐and盬

鹽	U+9E7D,鹽 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9E7D

←鹼
[U+9E7C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

鹾 →
[U+9E7E]

Translingual

[edit]

Traditional	鹽
Shinjitai	塩
Simplified	盐

Kangxi Dictionary:page 1508, character 7
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47579
Dae Jaweon: page 2036, character 8
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2574, character 1
Unihan data for U+9E7D

Chinese

[edit]

trad.		鹽
simp.		盐
alternative forms		䀋𪉹𪉩塩𥂁䀋𪉹𪉩塩𥂁𪉟

Glyph origin

[edit]

Historical forms of the character鹽
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)	Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the samephonetic series (監)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
藍	*ɡ·raːm
襤	*ɡ·raːm
籃	*ɡ·raːm
懢	ɡ·raːm, ɡ·raːms
儖	*ɡ·raːm
蘫	ɡ·raːm, qʰlaːms
攬	*ɡ·raːmʔ
欖	*ɡ·raːmʔ
覽	*ɡ·raːmʔ
爁	ɡ·raːmʔ, ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams
擥	*ɡ·raːmʔ
灠	*ɡ·raːmʔ
濫	ɡ·raːms, ɡraːmʔ
嚂	ɡ·raːms, kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ
纜	*ɡ·raːms
監	kraːm, kraːms
礛	*kraːm
鑑	kraːm, kraːms, *kraːms
艦	*ɡraːmʔ
檻	ɡraːmʔ, ɡraːms
壏	*ɡraːmʔ
轞	*ɡraːmʔ
鹽	ɡ·lam, ɡ·lams

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams): phonetic 監(OC*kraːm, *kraːms) + semantic 鹵(“salt”).

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*g-rjum(“salt”). The Min forms point to a fricative initial inProto-Min*ziem(“a white encrustation formed from saltwater or brine”).

Pronunciation 1

[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin):yán (yan²)
(Zhuyin):ㄧㄢˊ
(Chengdu,Sichuanese Pinyin):yan²
(Xi'an,Guanzhong Pinyin):yán
(Nanjing,Nanjing Pinyin):yán
(Dungan,Cyrillic andWiktionary):ян (i͡an, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):jim⁴
(Dongguan,Jyutping++):jin⁴
(Taishan,Wiktionary):yiam³
Gan(Wiktionary):ien⁴
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):yàm
(Hailu,HRS):rham
(Meixian,Guangdong):yam²
Jin(Wiktionary):ie¹
Northern Min(KCR):îng
Eastern Min(BUC):sièng / ièng
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):ieng² / eng²
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):iâm /sîⁿ
(Teochew,Peng'im):iam⁵
(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin):iam⁵
Southern Pinghua(Nanning,Jyutping++):jim⁴
Wu(Wugniu)
- (Northern):⁶yi /²yi /²ye /²yen
- (Jinhua):²ie
Xiang
(Changsha,Wiktionary):ienn²
(Loudi,Wiktionary):ninn²
(Hengyang,Wiktionary):ien²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:yán
  - Zhuyin:ㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:yán
  - Wade–Giles:yen²
  - Yale:yán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:yan
  - Palladius:янь(janʹ)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/jɛn³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin:yan²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz:ian
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/iɛn²¹/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin:yán
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/iã²⁴/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin:yán
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered):yan²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/iã²⁴/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic andWiktionary:ян (i͡an, I)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/iæ̃²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:jim⁴
  - Yale:yìhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin:jim⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization:yim⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/jiːm²¹/
- (Dongguan,Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++:jin⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/zin²¹/
- (Taishanese,Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary:yiam³
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/jiam²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary:ien⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/iɛn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl.Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:yàm
  - Hakka Romanization System:iam^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:yam²
  - SinologicalIPA:/i̯am¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl.Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:yàm
  - Hakka Romanization System:(r)iam^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:yam²
  - SinologicalIPA:/(j)i̯am¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl.Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System:rham
  - SinologicalIPA:/ʒam⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong:yam²
  - SinologicalIPA:/iam¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary:ie¹
  - SinologicalIPA (old-style):/ie¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized:îng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/iŋ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:sièng / ièng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/sieŋ⁵³/, /ieŋ⁵³/

Note:

sièng - vernacular;
ièng - literary.

Puxian Min
- (Putian,Jiangkou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:ieng²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:iáng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/iɛŋ¹³/
- (Donghai)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:ieng²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ieŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou,Youyang)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:ieng²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/iɛŋ²⁴/
- (Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:ieng²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ieŋ²⁴/
- (Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:eng²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/e̞ŋ¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,GeneralTaiwanese,Singapore,Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:iâm
  - Tâi-lô:iâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun:iaam
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/iam²³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangzhou):/iam¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Quanzhou,Taipei,Singapore,Philippines):/iam²⁴/
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,GeneralTaiwanese,Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:sîⁿ
  - Tâi-lô:sînn
  - Phofsit Daibuun:svii
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangzhou):/sĩ¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/sĩ²³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Quanzhou,Taipei,Singapore):/sĩ²⁴/

Note:

iâm - literary (“salt”);
sîⁿ - vernacular (“pickled food product; efflorescence”).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im:iam⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:iâm
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/iam⁵⁵/
(Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin:iam⁵
- SinologicalIPA:/iam²²/

Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua,Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++:jim⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/jim²¹/
Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai)
  - Wugniu:⁶yi
  - MiniDict:yi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):³hhi
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/ɦi²³/
- (Northern:Ningbo)
  - Wugniu:²yi
  - MiniDict:yi^平
  - SinologicalIPA (Ningbo):/ɦi³¹³/
- (Northern:Jiading,Songjiang,Chongming,Suzhou,Changzhou,Jiaxing)
  - Wugniu:²ye
  - MiniDict:ye^平
  - MiniDict:yie^平
  - SinologicalIPA (Jiading):/ɦɪ³¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Songjiang):/ɦie³¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Chongming):/ɦie²⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Suzhou):/ɦɪ²²³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Changzhou):/ɦɪ¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Jiaxing):/ɦie³¹/
- (Northern:Hangzhou,Shaoxing,Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu:²yen
  - MiniDict:yen^平
  - SinologicalIPA (Hangzhou):/ɦiẽ̞²³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Shaoxing):/ɦiẽ²³¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhoushan):/ɦĩ²²/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu:²ie
  - SinologicalIPA (Jinhua):/ie³¹³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary:ienn²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/i̯ẽ¹³/
- (Loudi)
  - Wiktionary:ninn²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/nĩ¹³/
- (Hengyang)
  - Wiktionary:ien²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/i̯ɛn¹¹/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 鹽
Mandarin	Beijing	/ian³⁵/
	Harbin	/ian²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ian⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/iã⁴²/
	Qingdao	/iã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ian⁴²/
	Xi'an	/iã²⁴/
	Xining	/iã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ian⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/iɛ̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ian⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/iɛn²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ian³¹/
	Guiyang	/ian²¹/
	Kunming	/iɛ̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/ien²⁴/
	Hefei	/iĩ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ie¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ie̞¹³/
	Hohhot	/ie³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦi²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦiɪ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦiẽ̞²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ji³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ie⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/iɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/iẽ¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/iẽ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/iɛn⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/iam¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ʒɑm¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jim²¹/
	Nanning	/jim²¹/
	Hong Kong	/jim²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/iam³⁵/ /sĩ³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/sieŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/iŋ³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/iam⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/iam³¹/

Middle Chinese:yem

Rime
Character	鹽
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	余廉切
Baxter	yem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇm/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛm/
Shao Rongfen	/jæm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiam/
Li Rong	/iɛm/
Wang Li	/jĭɛm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯ɛm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jim⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*[ɢr][o]m/
(Zhengzhang):/*ɡ·lam/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鹽
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yán
Middle Chinese	‹ yem ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢr][o]m/
English	salt (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鹽
Reading #	1/2
No.	6116
Phonetic component	監
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	鹽
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·lam/

Definitions

[edit]

鹽

salt;salty substance, especiallytable salt
鹽放多了。／盐放多了。 ― Yán fàng duō le. ― Too muchsalt is added.
- 厥貢鹽絺，海物惟錯。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
  厥贡盐𫄨，海物惟错。[Classical Chinese,simp.]
  From: TheBook of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd centuryBCE
  Jué gòngyán chī, hǎi wù wéi cuò.[Pinyin]
  Its articles of tribute weresalt, fine cloth of dolichos fibre, productions of the sea of various kinds.
(chemistry)salt
(Southern Min)food product pickled with salt
(Southern Min)sweat stain; saltefflorescence
(cryptography)salt
沒有加鹽的密碼容易被破解。[MSC,trad.]
没有加盐的密码容易被破解。[MSC,simp.]
Méiyǒu jiāyán de mìmǎ róngyì bèi pòjiě.[Pinyin]
Passwords that are notsalted are easily cracked.

Synonyms

[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of鹽 (“(table) salt”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)		鹽,食鹽
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	鹽
	Taiwan	鹽巴,鹽
	Chengde	鹹鹽,鹽
	Chifeng	鹹鹽,鹽
	Hulunbuir(Hailar)	鹽
	Heihe	鹹鹽,鹽
	Qiqihar	鹹鹽,鹽
	Harbin	鹹鹽,鹽
	Jiamusi	鹹鹽,鹽
	Baicheng	鹹鹽,鹽
	Changchun	鹹鹽
	Tonghua	鹹鹽
	Shenyang	鹹鹽,鹽
	Jinzhou	鹹鹽,鹽
	Singapore	鹽
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	鹹鹽,鹽
	Tangshan	鹹鹽,鹽
	Cangzhou	鹽
	Baoding	鹽
	Shijiazhuang	鹽
	Lijin	鹽
	Jinan	鹹鹽,鹽
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	鹹鹽
	Dandong	鹹鹽,鹽
	Yantai	鹹鹽
	Yantai(Muping)	鹹鹽
	Qingdao	鹹鹽,鹽
	Zhucheng	鹽
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	鹽
	Lingbao	鹽
	Jining	鹽
	Wanrong	鹽
	Linfen	鹹鹽
	Shangqiu	鹽
	Yuanyang	鹽
	Zhengzhou	鹽
	Xinyang	鹽
	Baihe	鹽
	Xi'an	鹽
	Baoji	鹽
	Tianshui	鹽
	Xining	鹽,青鹽
	Xuzhou	鹽
	Fuyang	鹽
	Sokuluk(Gansu Dungan)	鹽
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	鹹鹽,鹽
	Bayanhot	鹹鹽,鹽
	Lanzhou	鹽
	Dunhuang	鹽
	Hami	鹽
	Ürümqi	鹹鹽,鹽
	Ürümqi(Xigou)	鹽,鹹鹽
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	鹽巴,鹽
	Nanchong	鹽巴,鹽
	Dazhou	鹽巴
	Hanyuan	鹽巴,鹽
	Xichang	鹽巴
	Zigong	鹽巴
	Chongqing	鹽巴,鹽
	Wuhan	鹽
	Yichang	鹽巴,鹽
	Xiangyang	鹽
	Tianmen	鹽
	Guiyang	鹽巴,落水消 jargon
	Zunyi	鹽巴
	Bijie	鹽巴
	Liping	鹽巴
	Zhaotong	鹽巴,鹽
	Dali	鹽巴
	Kunming	鹽巴,鹽
	Mengzi	鹽巴
	Guilin	鹽
	Liuzhou	鹽
	Nanning(Wuming)	鹽
	Jishou	鹽
	Changde	鹽
	Hanzhong	食鹽,鹽
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	鹽
	Yangzhou	鹽
	Lianyungang	鹽
	Lianshui	鹽
	Nantong	鹽
	Anqing	鹽
	Wuhu	鹹鹽,鹽
	Hefei	鹽
	Hong'an	鹽
Cantonese	Guangzhou	鹽,上味
	Hong Kong	鹽
	Hong Kong(San Tin; Weitou)	鹽,海沙
	Hong Kong(Kam Tin; Weitou)	鹽
	Hong Kong(Ting Kok)	鹽
	Hong Kong(Tung Ping Chau)	鹽
	Macau	鹽
	Guangzhou(Panyu)	鹽
	Guangzhou(Huashan, Huadu)	鹽
	Guangzhou(Conghua)	鹽
	Guangzhou(Zengcheng)	鹽
	Foshan	鹽
	Foshan(Shatou, Nanhai)	鹽
	Foshan(Shunde)	鹽
	Foshan(Sanshui)	鹽
	Foshan(Mingcheng, Gaoming)	鹽
	Zhongshan(Shiqi)	鹽
	Zhuhai(Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	鹽
	Zhuhai(Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	上味
	Zhuhai(Doumen)	上味
	Jiangmen(Baisha)	鹽
	Jiangmen(Xinhui)	上味,鹽
	Taishan	上味
	Kaiping(Chikan)	上味
	Enping(Niujiang)	上味
	Heshan(Yayao)	鹽
	Dongguan	鹽
	Shenzhen(Shajing, Bao'an)	鹽
	Shenzhen(Dapeng)	鹽
	Qingyuan	鹽
	Fogang	鹽
	Yingde(Hanguang)	生鹽
	Yangshan	鹽
	Lianshan(Butian)	鹽
	Lianzhou(Qingshui; Sihui)	鹽
	Shaoguan	鹽
	Shaoguan(Qujiang)	鹽
	Renhua	鹽
	Lechang	鹽
	Zhaoqing(Gaoyao)	鹽
	Sihui	鹽
	Guangning	鹽
	Deqing	鹽
	Huaiji	鹽
	Fengkai(Nanfeng)	鹽
	Yunfu	鹽
	Xinxing	鹽
	Luoding	鹽
	Yunan(Pingtai)	鹽
	Yangjiang	鹽,鹹
	Xinyi	鹽
	Lianjiang	鹽
	Nanning	鹽
	Nanning(Tanka)	鹽
	Wuzhou	鹽
	Yulin	鹽
	Hepu(Lianzhou)	鹽
	Hepu(Shatian)	鹽
	Qinzhou	鹽
	Qinzhou(Changtan)	鹽
	Qinzhou(Xiniujiao)	鹽
	Beihai	鹽
	Beihai(Nankang)	鹽
	Beihai(Yingpan)	鹽
Beihai(Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	鹽
Beihai(Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	鹽
Fangchenggang(Fangcheng)	鹽
Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu)	鹽
Ipoh(Guangfu)	鹽
Sarikei(Xinhui)	鹽
Singapore(Guangfu)	鹽
Ho Chi Minh City(Guangfu)	鹽
Móng Cái	鹽
Yangon(Taishan)	上味
Mandalay(Taishan)	鹽
Gan	Nanchang	鹽
	Pengze	鹽
	Lichuan	鹽
	Pingxiang	鹽
Hakka	Meixian	鹽
	Dabu(Xihe)	鹽
	Huizhou(Huicheng; Bendihua)	鹽
	Dongguan(Qingxi)	鹽
	Shenzhen(Shatoujiao)	鹽
	Guangzhou(Zhengguo, Zengcheng)	鹽
	Zhongshan(Wuguishan)	鹽
	Zhongshan(Nanlang Heshui)	鹽
	Guangzhou(Lütian, Conghua)	鹽
	Longyan(Xiayang, Yongding)	鹽
	Yudu	鹽
	Taoyuan	鹽
	Miaoli(N. Sixian)	鹽
	Miaoli(Gongguan; N. Sixian)	鹽
	Miaoli(Zhuolan; N. Sixian)	鹽
	Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)	鹽
	Pingtung(Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	鹽
	Pingtung(Jiadong; S. Sixian)	鹽
	Kaohsiung(Meinong; S. Sixian)	鹽
	Kaohsiung(Shanlin; S. Sixian)	鹽
	Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)	鹽
	Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)	鹽
	Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)	鹽
	Hsinchu County(Guanxi; Raoping)	鹽
	Hsinchu County(Changgangling, Hukou; Raoping)	鹽
	Zhubei(Liujia; Raoping)	鹽
	Taoyuan(Zhiba, Zhongli; Raoping)	鹽
	Miaoli(Zhuolan; Raoping)	鹽
	Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)	鹽
	Hong Kong	鹽
	Luchuan(Daqiao)	鹽
	Chengdu(Hexingchang)	鹽
	Weiyuan(Guanyingtan)	鹽巴
	Yilong(Ma'an)	鹽
	Xichang(Huanglianguan)	鹽巴
	Sabah(Bao'an)	鹽
	Kuala Lumpur(Dabu)	鹽
	Senai(Huiyang)	鹽
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa(Hepo)	鹽
	Singkawang	鹽
Huizhou	Jixi	鹽
	Shexian	鹹鹽,鹽,海沙
	Huangshan(Tunxi)	鹽
Jin	Taiyuan	鹹鹽,鹽
	Taiyuan(Jiancaoping)	鹹鹽
	Taiyuan(Jinyuan)	鹽
	Pingyao	鹹鹽,鹽
	Yangyuan	鹹鹽,鹽
	Datong	鹹鹽
	Xinzhou	鹹鹽,鹽
	Lüliang(Lishi)	鹹鹽
	Changzhi	鹹鹽,鹽
	Linhe	鹹鹽
	Jining	鹹鹽
	Hohhot	鹹鹽,鹽
	Erenhot	鹹鹽
	Pingshan	鹹鹽,鹽
	Zhangjiakou	鹹鹽
	Handan	鹹鹽,鹽
	Linzhou	鹽
	Suide	鹽
Northern Min	Jian'ou	鹽
	Jian'ou(Dikou)	鹽
	Zhenghe(Zhenqian)	鹽
	Pucheng(Shibei)	鹽
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	鹽
	Fuqing	鹽
	Matsu	鹽
Southern Min	Xiamen	鹽
	Quanzhou	鹽
	Zhangzhou	鹽
	Zhao'an	鹽
	Taipei	鹽
	New Taipei(Tamsui)	鹽
	New Taipei(Sanxia)	鹽
	New Taipei(Pingxi)	鹽
	Kaohsiung	鹽
	Kaohsiung(Cijin)	鹽
	Kaohsiung(Hongmaogang, Siaogang)	鹽
	Kaohsiung(Dalinpu, Siaogang)	鹽
	Kaohsiung(Tianliao)	鹽
	Kaohsiung(Cieding)	鹽
	Yilan(Luodong)	鹽
	Yilan(Toucheng)	鹽
	Changhua(Yongjing)	鹽
	Tainan(Anping)	鹽
	Chiayi	鹽
	Chiayi County(Dongshi)	鹽
	Pingtung(Baoli, Checheng)	鹽
	Kinmen	鹽
	Penghu(Magong)	鹽
	Penghu(Xiyu)	鹽
	Penang(Hokkien)	鹽
	Singapore(Hokkien)	鹽
	Manila(Hokkien)	鹽
	Zhangping	鹽
	Zhangping(Yongfu)	鹽
	Pingnan(Shangdu)	鹽
	Guilin(Biyange)	鹽
	Pingle(Zhoutang)	鹽
	Chaozhou	鹽
	Shantou	鹽
	Shantou(Chaoyang)	鹽
	Bangkok(Teochew)	鹽
	Johor Bahru(Teochew)	鹽
	Singapore(Teochew)	鹽
	Haikou	鹽
Puxian Min	Putian	鹽
	Putian(Donghai, Chengxiang)	鹽
	Putian(Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	鹽
	Putian(Nanri, Xiuyu)	鹽
	Xianyou	鹽
	Xianyou(Fengting)	鹽
	Xianyou(Youyang)	鹽
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan(Longdu, Shaxi)	鹽
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan(Sanxiang)	鹽
Southern Pinghua	Nanning(Tingzi)	鹽
Northern Pinghua	Guilin(Dahe)	鹽
Shehua	Fu'an	鹽
	Fuding	鹽
	Luoyuan	鹽
	Sanming	鹽
	Shunchang	鹽
	Hua'an	鹽
	Guixi(Zhangping)	鹽
	Cangnan	鹽
	Jingning(Hexi)	鹽
	Lishui	鹽
	Longyou	鹽
	Chaozhou	鹽
	Fengshun	鹽
Waxiang	Guzhang(Gaofeng)	鹽
Waxiang	Yuanling(Shaojiwan)	鹽
Wu	Shanghai	鹽
	Shanghai(Songjiang)	鹽
	Shanghai(Jiading)	鹽
	Shanghai(Chongming)	鹽
	Suzhou	鹽
	Wuxi	鹽
	Danyang	鹽
	Hangzhou	鹽
	Shaoxing	鹽
	Ningbo	鹽
	Wenzhou	鹽
	Jinhua	鹽
Xiang	Changsha	鹽
	Xiangtan	鹽
	Xiangtan County(Cha'ensi)	鹽
	Xiangxiang	鹽
	Loudi	鹽
	Shuangfeng	鹽
	Hengyang	鹽
	Quanzhou	鹽
Xiangnan Tuhua	Jiangyong	鹽
Xiangnan Tuhua	Dong'an	鹽
Yuebei Tuhua	Shaoguan(Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang)	鹽
	Shaoguan(Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang)	鹽
	Shaoguan(Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang)	鹽
	Renhua(Zhoutian)	鹽
	Renhua(Shitang)	鹽
	Ruyuan(Songwei, Guitou)	鹽
	Lechang(Changlai)	鹽
	Lechang(Beixiang)	鹽
	Lechang(Huangpu)	鹽
	Lechang(Guitang, Pingshi)	鹽
	Lechang(Sanxi)	鹽

Compounds

[edit]

井鹽 /井盐(jǐngyán)
亞硝酸鹽 /亚硝酸盐(yàxiāosuānyán)
低鈉鹽 /低钠盐
低鹽飲食 /低盐饮食
內鹽 /内盐(nèiyán)
再製鹽 /再制盐
分鹽 /分盐(Fēnyán)
刻畫無鹽 /刻画无盐
加碘食鹽 /加碘食盐
加鹽兒 /加盐儿
吉鹽 /吉盐
吳鹽 /吴盐
埔鹽 /埔盐(Pǔyán)
大鹽 /大盐(dàyán)
大鹽湖 /大盐湖(Dàyánhú)
子兒鹽 /子儿盐
官鹽 /官盐
山鹽青 /山盐青
岩鹽 /岩盐
峻阪鹽車 /峻阪盐车
川鹽 /川盐
巴鹽 /巴盐
撮鹽入水 /撮盐入水
撮鹽入火 /撮盐入火
朝虀暮鹽 /朝虀暮盐
柴米油鹽 /柴米油盐(cháimǐyóuyán)
柴米油鹽醬醋茶 /柴米油盐酱醋茶(chái mǐ yóu yán jiàng cù chá)
椒鹽 /椒盐(jiāoyán)
榷鹽 /榷盐
正鹽 /正盐
水晶鹽 /水晶盐
池鹽 /池盐(chíyán)
沐浴鹽 /沐浴盐
海水鹽 /海水盐
海鹽 /海盐(hǎiyán)
海鹽腔 /海盐腔(hǎiyánqiāng)
淩雜米鹽 /凌杂米盐
淮鹽 /淮盐(huáiyán)
淘鹽 /淘盐
瀉鹽 /泻盐
無機鹽 /无机盐(wújīyán)
煮海為鹽 /煮海为盐
無鹽 /无盐(wúyán)
生理鹽水 /生理盐水(shēnglǐ yánshuǐ)
矽酸鹽 /矽酸盐(xīsuānyán)
硫酸鹽 /硫酸盐(liúsuānyán)
硝鹽 /硝盐
碳酸氫鹽 /碳酸氢盐(tànsuān qīng yán)
礦鹽 /矿盐
私鹽 /私盐(sīyán)
米鹽 /米盐
米鹽博辯 /米盐博辩
精鹽 /精盐(jīngyán)
脫鹽 /脱盐(tuōyán)
腳踏倒鹽 /脚踏倒盐
花馬鹽 /花马盐
花鹽 /花盐
苛性鹽 /苛性盐
虀鹽 /虀盐
複鹽 /复盐(fùyán)
販鹽虜 /贩盐虏
赤血鹽 /赤血盐(chìxuèyán)
銨鹽 /铵盐(ǎnyán)
鋁鹽 /铝盐
青鹽 /青盐
食鹽 /食盐(shíyán)
驥服鹽車 /骥服盐车
鹽井 /盐井(yánjǐng)
鹽分 /盐分(yánfèn)
鹽分地帶 /盐分地带
鹽務 /盐务
鹽務總局 /盐务总局
鹽區 /盐区
鹽商 /盐商(yánshāng)
鹽土 /盐土
鹽坨子 /盐坨子
鹽城 /盐城(Yánchéng)
鹽埕 /盐埕(yánchéng)
鹽埔 /盐埔(Yánpǔ)
鹽基 /盐基(yánjī)
鹽場 /盐场(yánchǎng)
鹽墾 /盐垦
鹽客 /盐客
鹽害 /盐害
鹽屋 /盐屋
鹽巴 /盐巴(yánbā)
鹽度 /盐度(yándù)
鹽引 /盐引
鹽徒 /盐徒
鹽政 /盐政
鹽析作用 /盐析作用
鹽梟 /盐枭(yánxiāo)
鹽梅 /盐梅
鹽橋 /盐桥(yánqiáo)
鹽水 /盐水(yánshuǐ)
鹽水蜂炮 /盐水蜂炮
鹽水選種 /盐水选种
鹽水針 /盐水针
鹽水飯 /盐水饭
鹽池 /盐池(yánchí)
鹽法 /盐法
鹽泉 /盐泉
鹽法道 /盐法道
鹽湖 /盐湖(yánhú)
鹽湖城 /盐湖城(Yánhúchéng)
鹽漏 /盐漏
鹽滷 /盐卤(yánlǔ)
鹽漬食物 /盐渍食物
鹽灘 /盐滩
鹽生植物 /盐生植物
鹽田 /盐田(yántián)
鹽田河 /盐田河(Yántiánhé)
鹽硝 /盐硝
鹽票 /盐票
鹽稅 /盐税
鹽筴 /盐策
鹽綱 /盐纲
鹽膚木 /盐肤木
鹽花 /盐花
鹽藏品 /盐藏品
鹽課 /盐课
鹽車 /盐车
鹽運使 /盐运使
鹽邊 /盐边(Yánbiān)
鹽酥雞 /盐酥鸡(yánsūjī)
鹽酸 /盐酸(yánsuān)
鹽酸草 /盐酸草
鹽醬口 /盐酱口
鹽鈔 /盐钞
鹽鐵使 /盐铁使
鹽鐵論 /盐铁论(Yán Tiě Lùn)
鹽霜 /盐霜(yánshuāng)
鹽類 /盐类
鹽餘 /盐余
鹽鹼地 /盐碱地(yánjiǎndì)
齏鹽 /齑盐

Descendants

[edit]

Sino-Xenic (鹽):

→ Japanese:塩(えん)(en)
→ Korean:염(鹽)(yeom)
→ Vietnamese:diêm(鹽)

Pronunciation 2

[edit]

trad.		鹽
simp.		盐
alternative forms		醃／腌Wu 豉 (sīⁿ)Hokkien 漬／渍 (sīⁿ)Hokkien

Mandarin
(Pinyin):yàn (yan⁴)
(Zhuyin):ㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese(Jyutping):jim⁶
Eastern Min(BUC):siéng
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):sing⁴
Southern Min(Hokkien,POJ):sīⁿ /iām
Wu(Wugniu)
- (Northern):⁶yi /⁶ye /⁶yen
- (Jinhua):⁶ie

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:yàn
  - Zhuyin:ㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:yàn
  - Wade–Giles:yen⁴
  - Yale:yàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:yann
  - Palladius:янь(janʹ)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/jɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:jim⁶
  - Yale:yihm
  - Cantonese Pinyin:jim⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization:yim⁶
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/jiːm²²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:siéng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/siɛŋ²¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian,Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:sing⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:si̍ng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɬiŋ⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,GeneralTaiwanese,Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:sīⁿ
  - Tâi-lô:sīnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun:svi
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Zhangzhou):/sĩ²²/
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei,Kaohsiung):/sĩ³³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou,Philippines):/sĩ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:iām
  - Tâi-lô:iām
  - Phofsit Daibuun:iam
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Zhangzhou):/iam²²/
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei,Kaohsiung):/iam³³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou):/iam⁴¹/

Note:

sīⁿ - vernacular (“to salt; irritated”);
iām - literary.

Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai,Ningbo)
  - Wugniu:⁶yi
  - MiniDict:yi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):³hhi
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/ɦi²³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Ningbo):/ɦi¹¹³/
- (Northern:Songjiang,Chongming,Suzhou)
  - Wugniu:⁶ye
  - MiniDict:ye^去
  - MiniDict:yie^去
  - SinologicalIPA (Songjiang):/ɦie¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Chongming):/ɦie³¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Suzhou):/ɦɪ²³¹/
- (Northern:Shaoxing)
  - Wugniu:⁶yen
  - MiniDict:yen^去
  - SinologicalIPA (Shaoxing):/ɦiẽ¹¹/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu:⁶ie
  - SinologicalIPA (Jinhua):/ie¹⁴/

Middle Chinese:yemH

Rime
Character	鹽
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	以贍切
Baxter	yemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇm^H/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛm^H/
Shao Rongfen	/jæm^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiam^H/
Li Rong	/iɛm^H/
Wang Li	/jĭɛm^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯ɛm^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jim⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*[ɢr][o]m-s/
(Zhengzhang):/*ɡ·lams/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鹽
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yàn
Middle Chinese	‹ yem^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢr][o]m-s/
English	salt (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.