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鹹 (Kangxi radical 197,鹵+9, 20 strokes,cangjie input卜田戈竹口 (YWIHR),four-corner23650,composition⿰鹵咸)
| trad. | 鹹 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 咸* | |
| alternative forms | 醎 | |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*ɡrɯːm): semantic 鹵(“salt”) + phonetic 咸(OC*ɡrɯːm).
FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*hjam(“salty”) or*g-rjum(“salt”); compareChepangल्हाम्सा(hlam‑,“salty (not excessively)”),Jingphojum(“salt”) (STEDT).
| Variety | Location | 鹹 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕian³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ɕian²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /ɕian⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /ɕiã⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /ɕiã⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ɕian⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /ɕiã²⁴/～陽 /xã²⁴/～菜 | |
| Xining | /ɕiã²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ɕian⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/ /xɛ̃n⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ɕian⁵¹/ /xan⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /ɕiɛn²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /xan³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /ɕian²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ɕiɛ̃³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ɕien²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ɕiĩ⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕie¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /ɕiɑŋ¹³/～阳 /xɑŋ¹³/～菜 | |
| Hohhot | /ɕie³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦe²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ɦiɪ¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɦiẽ̞²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ɦa³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕie⁴⁴/ /xɛ⁴⁴/～鹽 |
| Tunxi | /xɔ⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /xan¹³/～魚 |
| Xiangtan | /ɦan¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /han²⁴/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ham¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /hɑm¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ham²¹/ |
| Nanning | /ham²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /ham²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ham³⁵/ /kiam³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kɛiŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /aŋ²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /ham⁵⁵/ /kiam⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /ham³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 鹹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 咸 (151) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 胡讒切 |
| Baxter | heam |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠɛm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦᵚæm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɐm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦəɨm/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɐm/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɐm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣăm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xián |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | haam4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 鹹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xián |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hɛm › |
| Old Chinese | /*Cə.[ɡ]ˁr[o]m/ |
| English | salty |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 鹹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13516 |
| Phonetic component | 咸 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 咸 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡrɯːm/ |
| Notes | 鹹轉註字 |
鹹
| Basic tastes in Chinese ·味道(layout ·text) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 甜(tián) | 酸(suān) | 鹹 /咸(xián) | 苦 | 辣(là) | 鮮味 /鲜味(xiānwèi) |
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