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| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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鞄 (Kangxi radical 177,革+5, 14 strokes,cangjie input廿十心口山 (TJPRU),four-corner47512,composition⿰革包)
| simp. andtrad. | 鞄 | |
|---|---|---|
| Historical forms of the character鞄 | |
|---|---|
| Spring and Autumn | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
 |  |
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 袍 | *buː |
| 袌 | *buː, *buːs |
| 軳 | *buː |
| 抱 | *buːʔ |
| 勽 | *buːs, *mɯnʔ |
| 菢 | *buːs |
| 勹 | *pruː |
| 包 | *pruː |
| 胞 | *pruː, *pʰruː |
| 苞 | *pruː |
| 枹 | *pruː, *bu, *bu |
| 飽 | *pruːʔ |
| 泡 | *pʰruː, *m̥ʰruːs, *bruː |
| 炮 | *pʰruːs, *bruː |
| 皰 | *pʰruːs, *bruːs |
| 疱 | *pʰruːs, *bruːs |
| 跑 | *bruː, *bruːɡ |
| 咆 | *bruː |
| 庖 | *bruː |
| 匏 | *bruː |
| 刨 | *bruː |
| 狍 | *bruː |
| 炰 | *bruː |
| 鉋 | *bruː, *bruːs |
| 瓟 | *bruː, *bruːɡ |
| 颮 | *bruː, *pʰruːɡ |
| 鞄 | *bruː, *bruːʔ, *bruːs, *pʰruːɡ |
| 鮑 | *bruːʔ |
| 骲 | *bruːʔ, *bruːs, *bruːɡ, *pʰoːɡ |
| 玸 | *bu |
| 雹 | *bruːɡ |
| 窇 | *bruːɡ |
| Rime | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 鞄 | 鞄 | 鞄 | 鞄 |
| Reading # | 1/4 | 2/4 | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 並 (3) | 並 (3) | 滂 (2) |
| Final (韻) | 肴 (90) | 肴 (90) | 肴 (90) | 覺 (10) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | II | II | II |
| Fanqie | 薄交切 | 薄巧切 | 防敎切 | 匹角切 |
| Baxter | baew | baewX | baewH | phaewk |
| Reconstructions | ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bˠau/ | /bˠauX/ | /bˠauH/ | /pʰˠʌk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bᵚau/ | /bᵚauX/ | /bᵚauH/ | /pʰᵚɔk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bau/ | /bauX/ | /bauH/ | /pʰɔk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /baɨw/ | /baɨwX/ | /baɨwH/ | /pʰaɨwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /bau/ | /bauX/ | /bauH/ | /pʰɔk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /bau/ | /bauX/ | /bauH/ | /pʰɔk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱau/ | /bʱauX/ | /bʱauH/ | /pʰɔk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | páo | bào | bào | po |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | paau4 | baau6 | baau6 | pok3 |
鞄
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鞄 |
| かばん Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
Possibly derived fromChinese夾板 /夹板(jiābǎn) or夾槾 /夹槾(jiāmàn,“boards forpressing orholdingthingstogether”),[1][2] modernMin Nan readingkiap-pán.
Some references mention a possible borrowing fromBelgianDutchkabas with an ostensible meaning ofbag.[3] However, this is problematic on both semantic grounds, as Dutch sources indicate that the word does not mean notbag but ratherbasket, in keeping with its apparent derivation fromFrenchcabas(“basket”);[4] and on phonological grounds, as there is no clear mechanism for converting the final/s/ in the Dutch into the final/n/ in the Japanese, especially considering how relatively recently the Japanese wordkaban first appears.
The original meaning of the kanji鞄 referred totannedleather or atanner who produces such material.[2][3] The native reading (kun'yomi)kaban only appears from theMeiji period (1868–1912).[2]
First attested with this reading to a work from 1877;[2] over the period of roughly 1877–1887, this word grew in popularity and displaced the previous term胴乱(dōran,“satchel”).[2][5]
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