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青

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:靑

青	U+9752,青 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9752

←靑
[U+9751]

CJK Unified Ideographs

靓 →
[U+9753]

⻘	U+2ED8,⻘ CJK RADICAL BLUE

←⻗
[U+2ED7]

CJK Radicals Supplement

⻙ →
[U+2ED9]

Translingual

[edit]

Stroke order

Stroke order (Japan)

靑(Orthodox form inKangxi dictionary, preferred form in Koreanhanja)

References

[edit]

Kangxi Dictionary:not present, would followpage 1381, character 19
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42564
Dae Jaweon: page 1893, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4046, character 1
Unihan data for U+9752

Chinese

[edit]

Wikipedia has articles on:

青(Chinese)
青(Cantonese)
青(Literary Chinese)
Chhiâng-set(Hakka)
Chăng-sáik(Eastern Min)
青色(Wu)
Cyan(English)

Glyph origin

[edit]

Historical forms of the character青
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)		Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Ancient script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the samephonetic series (生)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
猜	*sʰlɯː
輤	*sʰleːns
綪	sʰleːns, ʔsreːŋ
倩	sʰleːns, sʰleŋs
棈	*sʰleːns
蒨	*sʰeːns
篟	*sʰeːns
生	sʰleːŋ, sreŋs
牲	*sreŋ
笙	*sreŋ
甥	*sreŋ
鉎	sreŋ, sleːŋ
珄	*sreŋ
鼪	sreŋ, sreŋs
猩	sreŋ, seːŋ
狌	*sreŋ
眚	*sreŋʔ
貹	*sreŋs
崝	*zreːŋ
精	ʔsleŋ, ʔsleŋs
菁	*ʔsleŋ
鶄	ʔsleŋ, sʰleːŋ
蜻	ʔsleŋ, sʰleːŋ
鼱	*ʔsleŋ
婧	ʔsleŋ, zleŋs, *zleŋʔ
睛	ʔsleŋ, sʰleŋʔ
箐	*ʔsleŋ
聙	*ʔsleŋ
旌	*ʔsleŋ
清	*sʰleŋ
圊	*sʰleŋ
請	sʰleŋʔ, zleŋs, *zleŋ
凊	*sʰleŋs
䝼	zleŋs, zleŋ
靚	*zleŋs
情	*zleŋ
晴	*zleŋ
夝	*zleŋ
靜	*zleŋʔ
靖	*zleŋʔ
睲	seŋʔ, seːŋs
惺	seŋʔ, seːŋ
性	*sleŋs
姓	*sleŋs
靗	*l̥ʰeŋs
鯖	ʔljeŋ, sʰleːŋ
青	*sʰleːŋ
靘	sʰleːŋ, sʰleːŋs
掅	*sʰleːŋs
胜	*sleːŋ
曐	*sleːŋ
星	*sleːŋ
鮏	*sleːŋ
腥	seːŋ, seːŋs
鯹	*seːŋ
醒	seːŋ, seːŋʔ, *seːŋs
篂	*seːŋ

Zhang (2022):Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*sʰleːŋ): phonetic 生(OC*sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs) + phonetic 井(OC*skeŋʔ).^[1]

Shuowen interprets it as an ideogrammic compound of生 (“growth of plants”) +丹 (“cinnabar”). A variant inspired by this interpretation is𤯞. The implication being that cinnabar, being used for dyeing, would imply “color” in general, giving the combined meaning “color of growing plants” → “blue-green”.

In the modern glyph, the top component is reduced to龶, and the bottom component resembles the unrelated月(yuè,“moon”).

Thesecond-round simplified form of the character is based on the calligraphic form of the character.

Etymology 1

[edit]

trad.		青/靑
simp.		青
2nd round simp.		𰀈
alternative forms		寈㞭𡗡𡴏𡴙寈㞭𡗡𡴏𡴙𡴑𡷉𤯝𤯞

FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*sreŋ(“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”). Cognate with生 (OC*sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “to live”),蒼 (OC*sʰaːŋ, “green; blue”),性 (OC*sleŋs, “nature”),姓 (OC*sleŋs, “surname”). Note蒼 (OC*sʰaːŋ) may be an old dialect variant of青 (OC*sʰleːŋ) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin):qīng (qing¹)
(Zhuyin):ㄑㄧㄥ
(Chengdu,Sichuanese Pinyin):qin¹
(Xi'an,Guanzhong Pinyin):qǐng
(Nanjing,Nanjing Pinyin):cìn
(Dungan,Cyrillic andWiktionary):чин (čin, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):ceng¹ /cing¹
(Dongguan,Jyutping++):ceang¹ / coeng¹
(Taishan,Wiktionary):tiang¹ / ten¹
Gan(Wiktionary):qiang¹ / qin¹
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):chhiâng / chhîn / chhiang
(Hailu,HRS):ciang^ˋ / cin^ˋ / ciang^ˇ
(Meixian,Guangdong):qiang¹
Jin(Wiktionary):qi¹ / qing¹
Northern Min(KCR):cháng / chéng
Eastern Min(BUC):chăng / chĭng
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):ca¹ / cann¹ / cing¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):chhiⁿ /chheⁿ /seⁿ /chheng /seng
(Teochew,Peng'im):cên¹
(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin):ce¹ / qing¹
Southern Pinghua(Nanning,Jyutping++):ciang¹
Wu(Wugniu)
- (Northern):¹chin /¹tshin
- (Jinhua):¹tshin
Xiang
(Changsha,Wiktionary):cin¹
(Loudi,Wiktionary):cionn¹ / cin¹
(Hengyang,Wiktionary):qian¹ / qin¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:qīng
  - Zhuyin:ㄑㄧㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:cing
  - Wade–Giles:chʻing¹
  - Yale:chīng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:ching
  - Palladius:цин(cin)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin:qin¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz:kin
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin:qǐng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin:cìn
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered):cin¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sʰĩ³¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic andWiktionary:чин (čin, I)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡ɕʰiŋ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:ceng¹ / cing¹
  - Yale:chēng / chīng
  - Cantonese Pinyin:tseng¹ / tsing¹
  - Guangdong Romanization:céng¹ / qing¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

ceng1 - vernacular;
cing1 - literary.

(Dongguan,Guancheng)
- Jyutping++:ceang¹ / coeng¹
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sʰəŋ²¹³/, /t͡sʰøŋ²¹³/
(Taishanese,Taicheng)
- Wiktionary:tiang¹ / ten¹
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/tʰiaŋ³³/, /tʰen³³/

Note:

tiang1 - vernacular;
ten1 - literary.

Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary:qiang¹ / qin¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡ɕʰiaŋ⁴²/, /t͡ɕʰin⁴²/

Note:

qiang1 - vernacular;
qin1 - literary.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:chhiâng / chhîn / chhiang
  - Hakka Romanization System:qiang^ˊ / qin^ˊ / qiang
  - Hagfa Pinyim:qiang¹ / qin¹ / qiang⁴
  - SinologicalIPA:/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴/, /t͡sʰin²⁴/, /t͡sʰi̯aŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl.Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System:ciang^ˋ / cin^ˋ / ciang^ˇ
  - SinologicalIPA:/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵³/, /t͡sʰin⁵³/, /t͡sʰiaŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong:qiang¹
  - SinologicalIPA:/t͡ɕʰiaŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

Sixian:
- chhiâng - vernacular;
- chhîn - literary.
Hailu:
- ciangˋ - vernacular;
- cinˋ - literary.

Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary:qi¹ / qing¹
  - SinologicalIPA (old-style):/t͡ɕʰi¹¹/, /t͡ɕʰiŋ¹¹/

Note:

qi1 - vernacular (e.g.青菜(qīngcài));
qing1 - literary.

Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized:cháng / chéng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁴/, /t͡sʰeiŋ⁵⁴/

Note:

cháng - vernacular;
chéng - literary.

Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:chăng / chĭng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

chăng - vernacular;
chĭng - literary.

Puxian Min
- (Putian,Jiangkou,Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:ca¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:chaⁿ
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sʰa⁵³³/
- (Donghai)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:cann¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sʰã⁵³³/
- (Xianyou,Youyang,Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:cann¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sʰã⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian,Jiangkou,Nanri,Donghai)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:cing¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:ching
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sʰiŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou,Youyang,Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:cing¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁴⁴/

Note:

ca1/cann1 - vernacular;
cing1 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Taipei,Lukang,Sanxia,Kinmen,Magong,Hsinchu,Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:chhiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô:tshinn
  - Phofsit Daibuun:chvy
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou,Lukang,Philippines):/t͡sʰĩ³³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Taipei,Kinmen):/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien:Zhangzhou,Kaohsiung,Tainan,Yilan,Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:chheⁿ
  - Tâi-lô:tshenn
  - Phofsit Daibuun:zhvef
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung,Tainan,Yilan):/t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangzhou):/t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien:Zhangpu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:seⁿ
  - Tâi-lô:senn
  - Phofsit Daibuun:svef
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangpu):/sɛ̃⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:chheng
  - Tâi-lô:tshing
  - Phofsit Daibuun:zhefng
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Zhangzhou,Taipei,Kaohsiung):/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou):/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³/
- (Hokkien:Zhangpu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:seng
  - Tâi-lô:sing
  - Phofsit Daibuun:sefng
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangpu):/sɛŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

chhiⁿ/chheⁿ/seⁿ - vernacular;
chheng/seng - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im:cên¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:tsheⁿ
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sʰẽ³³/
(Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin:ce¹ / qing¹
- SinologicalIPA:/t͡sʰɛ³⁵/, /t͡sʰiŋ³⁵/

Note:

ce1 - vernacular;
qing1 - literary.

Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua,Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++:ciang¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sʰiɐŋ⁵³/
Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai,Chongming,Changzhou,Jiaxing,Hangzhou,Shaoxing,Ningbo,Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu:¹chin
  - MiniDict:chin^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):¹qin
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/t͡ɕʰin⁵³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Chongming):/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
  - SinologicalIPA (Changzhou):/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/
  - SinologicalIPA (Jiaxing):/t͡ɕʰin⁵³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Hangzhou):/t͡ɕʰin³³⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Shaoxing):/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵²/
  - SinologicalIPA (Ningbo):/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵²/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhoushan):/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵³/
- (Northern:Jiading,Songjiang,Suzhou,Kunshan)
  - Wugniu:¹tshin
  - MiniDict:tshin^平
  - SinologicalIPA (Jiading):/t͡sʰiŋ⁵³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Songjiang):/t͡sʰiŋ⁵³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Suzhou):/t͡sʰin⁴⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Kunshan):/t͡sʰin⁵⁵/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu:¹tshin
  - SinologicalIPA (Jinhua):/t͡sʰiŋ³³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary:cin¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key) (old-style):/t͡sʰin³³/
  - SinologicalIPA^(key) (new-style):/t͡ɕʰin³³/
- (Loudi)
  - Wiktionary:cionn¹ / cin¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sʰi̯ɔ̃⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

Note:

cionn1 - vernacular;
cin1 - literary.

(Hengyang)
- Wiktionary:qian¹ / qin¹
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡ɕʰi̯an⁴⁴⁵/, /t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴⁵/

Note:

qian1 - vernacular;
qin1 - literary.

Middle Chinese:tsheng

Rime
Character	青
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	倉經切
Baxter	tsheng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰeŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰeŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɛŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰɛjŋ/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰeŋ/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰieŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰieŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qīng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cing¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*[s.r̥]ˤeŋ/
(Zhengzhang):/*sʰleːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	青
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qīng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsheng ›
Old Chinese	/*[s.r̥]ˁeŋ/
English	green or blue
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	青
Reading #	1/1
No.	11362
Phonetic component	生
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	靑
Old Chinese	/*sʰleːŋ/
Notes	說文從生丹，戴桐王筠皆雲從丹生聲

Definitions

[edit]

青

blue-green ("grue");blue (of sky, stone etc.);green (of grass, plants, mountains etc.)
青天 ― qīngtiān ― blue sky
青筋 ― qīngjīn ― blue veins
青草 ― qīngcǎo ― green grass
青山綠水／青山绿水 ― qīngshānlǜshuǐ ― green hills and rivers
blue-green ("grue")-coloreditems
1. green grass
  踏青 ― tàqīng ― to go on an outing to the countryside during spring
2. crops that have not yetripened
  青黃不接／青黄不接 ― qīnghuángbùjiē ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
black (of hair, cloth, silk thread etc.)
青絲／青丝 ― qīngsī ― black hair
(Southern Min)green
青紅燈／青红灯[Hokkien] ― chheⁿ-âng-teng[Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― traffic light
(Hong Kong)lime green
青BB[Cantonese] ― ceng¹ bi¹ bi¹[Jyutping] ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
young;adolescent
青年 ― qīngnián ― youth; adolescence
青春 ― qīngchūn ― youth
short for青年 (qīngnián)
老中青 ― lǎozhōngqīng ― the old, the middle-aged and the young
知青 ― zhīqīng ― zhiqing, ""educated youth"
覺青／觉青 ― juéqīng ― "politically-awakened youth"
(literary, obsolete)east
(literary, obsolete)spring
short for青海 (Qīnghǎi, “Qinghai Province”)
青藏鐵路／青藏铁路 ― Qīng Zàng tiělù ― Qinghai-Tibet Railway
(Hong Kong Cantonese, triad slang)knife(Classifier:把c)
- 2022, “江湖 [gong¹ wu⁴]”, in梟 [hiu¹]‎^[2], performed byNovel Fergus:
  攞把青　彈彈　開山刀[Cantonese,trad.]
  𫽋把青　弹弹　开山刀[Cantonese,simp.]
  lo² baa²ceng¹, daan⁶ daan⁶, hoi¹ saan¹ dou¹[Jyutping]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
asurname

Usage notes

[edit]

The meaning for “blue” and “black” is more commonly used in Classical Chinese, while in modern Chinese, the meaning for “green” is more common. In fact,青 covered both green and blue ("grue") until modern times. For example,青山綠水 /青山绿水(qīngshānlǜshuǐ,“hill or water green in color”),青蘋果 /青苹果(qīng píngguǒ,“green apple”). However, there are still some expressions for the meaning of blue, e.g.青天(qīngtiān,“blue sky”),青出於藍 /青出于蓝(qīngchūyúlán,“blue comes from indigo; someone performing better than their teacher”)

In Cantonese, the use of青 to mean “black” is still used in circumstances where黑(hak¹) would be considered inauspicious, as it is a near-homophone of乞(hat¹,“beggar”). For example,黑衣(hak¹ ji¹) used to describe clothing would be a near-homophone of both beggar and a beggar's garment.

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]

Sino-Xenic (青):

→ Japanese:青(せい)(sei)
→ Korean:청(靑)(cheong)
→ Vietnamese:thanh(青)

Others:

→ Tocharian A:tseṃ(“blue”)
→ Tocharian B:tseṃ m(“blue”),tseñña f
→ Vietnamese:xanh(“green”)

Etymology 2

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin):jīng (jing¹)
(Zhuyin):ㄐㄧㄥ
Cantonese(Jyutping):zing¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:jīng
  - Zhuyin:ㄐㄧㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:jing
  - Wade–Giles:ching¹
  - Yale:jīng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:jing
  - Palladius:цзин(czin)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:zing¹
  - Yale:jīng
  - Cantonese Pinyin:dzing¹
  - Guangdong Romanization:jing¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

Definitions

[edit]

青

alternative form of菁(jīng)
used in青青 (qīngqīng)

Etymology 3

[edit]

trad.		青
simp.^#		青

Pronunciation

[edit]

Southern Min(Hokkien,POJ):chhiⁿ

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:chhiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô:tshinn
  - Phofsit Daibuun:chvy
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen):/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou):/t͡sʰĩ³³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangzhou):/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei):/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

Definitions

[edit]

青

(Hokkien)alternative form of鮮 /鲜(chhiⁿ)
1. fresh
  - 2014, “媽媽的菜”,浩子 (lyrics)‎^[3]performed by浩角翔起:
    我欲尚青的現撈仔[Taiwanese Hokkien,trad.]
    我欲尚青的现捞仔[Taiwanese Hokkien,simp.]
    góa beh siōngchhiⁿ ê hiān-lâu-á[Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    I want thefreshest catch
  - 2017, “人情味 [rénqíngwèi]”,郭之儀 (lyrics)‎^[4]performed by蔡佳麟:
    吃遍了山珍海味　寶島上青[Taiwanese Hokkien,trad.]
    吃遍了山珍海味　宝岛上青[Taiwanese Hokkien,simp.]
    Chia̍h phiàn liáu san-tin-hái-bī, Pó-tó siōngchhiⁿ[Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    After eating all kinds of delicacies, Formosa's are thefreshest
2. (of clothes)bright;pretty;neat
  - 1991, “西北雨請你慢且落”,李子恆 (lyrics), performed by羅時豐 and李芳雯:
    洋裝青青　歡喜要來去約會[Taiwanese Hokkien,trad.]
    洋装青青　欢喜要来去约会[Taiwanese Hokkien,simp.]
    iûⁿ-chongchhiⁿ-chhiⁿ, hoaⁿ-hí beh lâi-khì iok-hōe[Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    With apretty suit, happy to go to a date

References

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^張富海「説“井”」『出土文献与古文字研究』第10輯復旦大学出土文献与古文字研究中心編、上海古籍出版社、2022年、126-136頁。

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04499
“青”, in漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[5],香港中文大學 (theChinese University of Hong Kong),2014–
“青”, in教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien),Ministry of Education, R.O.C.,2025.

Japanese

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Shinjitai	青
Kyūjitai	靑

Kanji

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See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 青

青

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Go-on:しょう(shō,Jōyō^†)^{←しやう(syau,historical)}
Kan-on:せい(sei,Jōyō)
Sō-on:しい(shii)
Kun:あお(ao,青,Jōyō)^{←あを(awo,青,historical)}、あおい(aoi,青い,Jōyō)^{←あをい(awoi,青い,historical)}、さお(sao,青)^{←さを(sawo,青,historical)}
Nanori:お(o)、きよ(kiyo)、はる(haru)

Compounds

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Compounds

青(せい)青(せい)(seisei)
青(せい)果(か)(seika,“produce,fruits andvegetables”)
青(せい)化(か)法(ほう)(seikahō)
青(せい)雲(うん)(seiun)
青(せい)眼(がん)(seigan)
青(せい)酸(さん)(seisan,“hydrocyanic acid”)
青(せい)山(ざん)(seizan)
青(せい)史(し)(seishi)
青(せい)磁(じ)(seiji)
青(せい)春(しゅん)(seishun)
青(せい)松(しょう)(seishō)
青(せい)天(てん)(seiten)
青(せい)銅(どう)(seidō)
青(せい)年(ねん)(seinen)
青(せい)嵐(らん)(seiran)
青(せい)竜(りゅう)(seiryū)
青(せい)竜(りょう)(seiryō)
青(しょう)竜(りゅう)(shōryū)
汗(かん)青(せい)(kansei)
殺(さっ)青(せい)(sassei)
丹(たん)青(せい)(tansei)
瀝(れき)青(せい)(rekisei,“bitumen”)
群(ぐん)青(じょう)(gunjō,“ultramarine”)
紺(こん)青(じょう)(konjō)
緑(ろく)青(しょう)(rokushō)
刺青(いれずみ)(irezumi,“tattoo,tattooing”)
万年青(オモト)(omoto)
青(チン)菜(ツァイ)(chintsai)

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
青
あお Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
靑(kyūjitai)

/sawo/(uncertain, may be compound as opposed to root) →/awo/ →/ao/

FromOld Japanese, ultimately fromProto-Japonic*awo.^[1]

Appears as the latter part in older compounds with an-s- infix or prefix. It is unclear if this leading/s/ is indicative of an earlier form (sawo), or if this was an addition foreuphony to avoid vowel clusters, or for other reasons. This/s/ is also seen in雨(あめ)(ame,“rain”,becomingsame in old compounds) and稲(いね)(ine,“rice”,becomingshine in old compounds).

Pronunciation

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(Tokyo)あお[áꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[3]^[2]
IPA^(key): [a̠o̞]
Audio: (file)

(Kyōto)あお [àó] (Teiki – [0])^[2]

(Kyōto)あおぉ [àô] (Teiki)^[4]^[2]

Noun

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青(あお)• (ao) ^{←あを(awo)^?}

blue
1. one of threeprimary colors
2. ashade of blue toblue green
(dated)green
青(あお)林(りん)檎(ご) ―ao ringo ―green apple
short for青信号(aoshingō):green light(traffic light color, as the color ofplants)
Antonym:赤(aka)
theblack,bluishcolor of ahorse'shair; also, such a horse
Synonym:青毛(aoge)
- 1603,Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page39:
  ^[5]
  Auo.アヲ (青) 馬の毛色で, 全体に黒くて青みがあり, 両耳の内側に多少白いところのあるもの. この部分の毛も他の部分と同じようにすっかり黒い時には, Curo(黒)と呼ばれる.
(card games, hanafuda)short for青短(aotan): one of the threehanafudacards bearing a blue短冊(tanzaku,“narrow card used forpoetry”); a役(yaku) of the threeaotan cards, worth 3 points
(card games) a blue card in天正カルタ(Tenshō karuta)
short for青本(aohon,“a blue-green covered book containing summaries of plays, histories, and legends”)
short for青銭(aosen,“a 4 mon coin in circulation from 1768”)

Derived terms

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Derived terms

青(あお)い(aoi):blue(adjective)
青(あお)青(あお)(aoao)
青(あお)嵐(あらし)(ao-arashi)
藍(あい)(ai,“indigo”)
青(あお)海原(うなばら)(ao-unabara)
青(あお)馬(うま)(aouma)
青(あお)黴(かび)(aokabi)
青雀(アオガラ)(aogara)
青(あお)桐(ぎり)(aogiri)
青(あお)草(くさ)(aokusa)
青(あお)雲(くも)(aokumo),青(あお)雲(ぐも)(aogumo)
青(あお)写(じゃ)真(しん)(ao-jashin)
青(あお)信(しん)号(ごう)(ao-shingō,“green light”)
青(あお)筋(すじ)(aosuji)
青(あお)空(ぞら)(aozora)
青(あお)田(た)(aota)
青(あお)竹(たけ)(aotake),青(あお)竹(だけ)(aodake)
青(あお)短(たん),青(あお)丹(たん)(aotan)
青(あお)菜(な)(aona)
青(あお)嶺(ね)(aone)
青(あお)虫(むし)(aomushi)
青(あお)物(もの)(aomono)
青(あお)柳(やぎ)(aoyagi)
青(あお)山(やま)(aoyama)
真(ま)青(さお)(masao),真(ま)っ青(さお)(massao)
青(あお)は藍(あい)より出(い)でて藍(あい)より青(あお)し(ao wa ai yori idete ai yori aoshi)

Colors in Japanese ·色(いろ)(iro)(layout ·text)
白(しろ)(shiro)	灰(はい)色(いろ)(haiiro), 鼠(ねずみ)色(いろ)(nezumiiro)(dated)	黒(くろ)(kuro)
赤(あか)(aka);深(しん)紅(く)(shinku), クリムゾン(kurimuzon), 紅(べに)色(いろ)(beniiro), 紅(くれない)色(いろ)(kurenaiiro), 茜(あかね)色(いろ)(akaneiro)	橙(だいだい)色(いろ)(daidaiiro), オレンジ(orenji);茶(ちゃ)色(いろ)(chairo), 褐(かっ)色(しょく)(kasshoku)	黄(き)色(いろ)(kiiro);クリーム色(いろ)(kurīmuiro)
黄(き)緑(みどり)(kimidori)	緑(みどり)(midori), 青(あお)(ao)(dated)	若(わか)緑(みどり)(wakamidori)
水(みず)色(いろ)(mizuiro), シアン(shian);鴨(かも)の羽(はね)色(いろ)(kamo no hane iro)	空(そら)色(いろ)(sorairo), 縹(はなだ)(hanada); 青(あお)(ao)	紺(こん)藍(あい)(kon'ai); 紺(こん)(kon)
菫(すみれ)色(いろ)(sumireiro);藍(あい)色(いろ)(aiiro), インジゴ(injigo)	赤(あか)紫(むらさき)(akamurasaki), マゼンタ(mazenta);紫(むらさき)(murasaki)	桃(もも)色(いろ)(momoiro), ピンク(pinku)

Prefix

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青(あお)• (ao-) ^{←あを(awo-)^?}

unripe,young

Derived terms

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Derived terms

青(あお)臭(くさ)い(aokusai,“inexperienced”)
青(あお)侍(さぶらい)(aosaburai),青(あお)侍(ざむらい)(aozamurai)
青(あお)大(だい)将(しょう)(ao-daishō)
青(あお)二(に)才(さい)(ao-nisai,“greenhorn”)
青(あお)女(にょう)房(ぼう)(ao-nyōbō)

Proper noun

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青(あお)• (Ao) ^{←あを(Awo)^?}

a femalegiven name
asurname

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
青
せい Grade: 1
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
靑(kyūjitai)

FromMiddle Chinese青 (MC tsheng).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): [se̞ː]

Noun

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青(せい)• (sei)

thecolor blue

Proper noun

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青(せい)• (Sei)

a femalegiven name
asurname

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
青
しい Grade: 1
sōon

Alternative spellings
靑(kyūjitai) 𤯝眚

Unknown. The reading might be an obscure term fromOld Japanese or dialect. The use of the character青 arises from its宋音(そうおん)(sōon,“Song-dynasty pronunciation”).^[6]

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): [ɕiː]

Noun

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青(しい)• (shii)

(rare, archaic, mythology) abeast that looks like aweasel, and is said to have lived in present-dayFukuoka andYamaguchi prefectures
(rare, archaic, mythology) abeast that looks like awolf, and is said to have appeared aroundMount Yoshino

References

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^Thomas Pellard.Ryukyuan perspectives on the proto-Japonic vowel system. Frellesvig, Bjarke; Sells, Peter. Japanese/Korean Linguistics 20, CSLI Publications, pp.81–96, 2013.
↑^2.0^2.1^2.2“あお［あを］【青】”, in日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition,Tokyo:Shogakukan,2000-2002, released online 2007,→ISBN, concise edition entry availablehere
^Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN
^Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002),京阪系アクセント辞典 [A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects] (in Japanese),Tōkyō:Bensei,→ISBN
^Doi, Tadao (1603–1604),Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese),Tōkyō:Iwanami Shoten, published1980,→ISBN.
^Shōgaku Tosho (1988),国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese),Tōkyō:Shogakukan,→ISBN

“青”, in漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[6] (in Japanese),The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation,2015–2025

Korean

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Hanja

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青 (eumhun푸를 청(pureul cheong))

alternative form of靑(“blue;green”)

References

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Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원,Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表,Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 42.[7]