霜 (Kangxi radical 173,雨+9, 17 strokes,cangjie input一月木月山 (MBDBU),four-corner10963,composition⿱雨相)
- Kangxi Dictionary:page 1376, character 29
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42363
- Dae Jaweon: page 1885, character 24
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4070, character 2
- Unihan data for U+971C
| Old Chinese |
|---|
| 相 | *slaŋ, *slaŋs |
| 廂 | *slaŋ |
| 湘 | *slaŋ |
| 緗 | *slaŋ |
| 箱 | *slaŋ |
| 葙 | *slaŋ |
| 想 | *slaŋʔ |
| 霜 | *sraŋ |
| 孀 | *sraŋ |
| 鸘 | *sraŋ |
| 驦 | *sraŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*sraŋ): semantic 雨(“rain”) + phonetic 相(OC*slaŋ, *slaŋs).
From涼 (OC*ɡ·raŋ) with ans- (nominalizer) prefix (Schuessler, 2007).
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Pinyin):shuāng (shuang1)
- (Zhuyin):ㄕㄨㄤ
- (Chengdu,Sichuanese Pinyin):suang1
- (Xi'an,Guanzhong Pinyin):fǎng
- (Nanjing,Nanjing Pinyin):shuàn
- (Dungan,Cyrillic andWiktionary):фон (fon, I)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):soeng1
- (Dongguan,Jyutping++):soeng1
- (Taishan,Wiktionary):song1
- (Yangjiang,Jyutping++):song1
- Gan(Wiktionary):song1
- Hakka
- (Sixian,PFS):sông
- (Hailu,HRS):songˋ
- (Meixian,Guangdong):song1
- Jin(Wiktionary):suon1
- Northern Min(KCR):só̤ng
- Eastern Min(BUC):sŏng
- Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):sung1 / sng1 / sorng1
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien,POJ):sng /song /soⁿ
- (Teochew,Peng'im):seng1
- (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin):so1 / suang1
- Southern Pinghua(Nanning,Jyutping++):sung1
- Wu(Wugniu)
- Xiang
- (Changsha,Wiktionary):xyan1
- (Loudi,Wiktionary):song1
- (Hengyang,Wiktionary):suan1
Note:
- sung1/sng1 - vernacular;
- sorng1 - literary.
Note:
- sng - vernacular;
- song - literary.
Note:
- so1 - vernacular;
- suang1 - literary.
- Southern Pinghua
- Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai,Jiading,Songjiang,Chongming,Suzhou,Jiaxing,Fuyang,Shaoxing,Ningbo,Zhoushan)
- (Northern:Changzhou,Hangzhou)
- (Jinhua)
- Xiang
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) |
|---|
| Character | 霜 |
|---|
| Reading # | 1/1 |
|---|
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) | shuāng |
|---|
Middle
Chinese | ‹ srjang › |
|---|
Old
Chinese | /*[s]raŋ/ |
|---|
| English | hoar-frost |
|---|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) |
|---|
| Character | 霜 |
|---|
| Reading # | 1/1 |
|---|
| No. | 13587 |
|---|
Phonetic
component | 相 |
|---|
Rime
group | 陽 |
|---|
Rime
subdivision | 0 |
|---|
Corresponding
MC rime | 霜 |
|---|
Old
Chinese | /*sraŋ/ |
|---|
霜
- frost
- frost-likepowder
- (medicine)cream
- 防曬霜／防晒霜 ― fángshàishuāng ― sunscreen
- (literary, figurative)white
- (Southern Min)ice
Dialectal synonyms of
霜 (“frost”)
[map]| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|
| Classical Chinese | 霜 |
|---|
| Formal(Written Standard Chinese) | 霜 |
|---|
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 霜 |
|---|
| Chengde | 霜 |
| Chifeng | 霜 |
| Hulunbuir(Hailar) | 霜 |
| Heihe | 霜 |
| Qiqihar | 霜 |
| Harbin | 霜 |
| Jiamusi | 霜 |
| Baicheng | 霜 |
| Changchun | 霜 |
| Tonghua | 霜 |
| Shenyang | 霜 |
| Jinzhou | 霜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 霜 |
|---|
| Tangshan | 霜 |
| Cangzhou | 霜 |
| Baoding | 霜 |
| Shijiazhuang | 霜 |
| Lijin | 霜,霜雪 |
| Jinan | 霜 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 霜 |
|---|
| Dandong | 霜 |
| Yantai | 霜 |
| Yantai(Muping) | 霜 |
| Qingdao | 霜 |
| Zhucheng | 霜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 霜 |
|---|
| Lingbao | 霜 |
| Jining | 霜,霜雪 |
| Wanrong | 霜 |
| Linfen | 霜 |
| Shangqiu | 霜 |
| Yuanyang | 霜 |
| Zhengzhou | 霜 |
| Xinyang | 霜 |
| Ankang | 霜 |
| Ankang(Xianhe, Hanbin) | 霜 |
| Baihe | 霜 |
| Baihe(Maoping) | 霜 |
| Xi'an | 霜 |
| Dingbian | 霜 |
| Baoji | 霜 |
| Tianshui | 霜 |
| Xining | 霜 |
| Xuzhou | 霜 |
| Xuzhou(Jiawang) | 霜 |
| Pizhou | 霜 |
| Suining | 霜 |
| Peixian | 霜 |
| Xinyi | 霜 |
| Fengxian | 霜 |
| Suqian | 霜 |
| Lianyungang(Ganyu) | 霜 |
| Donghai | 霜 |
| Fuyang | 霜 |
| Sokuluk(Gansu Dungan) | 霜 |
| Masanchin(Shaanxi Dungan) | 霜 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 霜 |
|---|
| Lanzhou | 霜 |
| Dunhuang | 霜 |
| Hami | 霜 |
| Ürümqi | 霜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 霜 |
|---|
| Nanchong | 霜 |
| Dazhou | 霜 |
| Hanyuan | 霜 |
| Xichang | 霜 |
| Zigong | 霜 |
| Chongqing | 霜 |
| Wuhan | 霜 |
| Yichang | 霜 |
| Xiangyang | 霜 |
| Tianmen | 霜 |
| Guiyang | 霜 |
| Zunyi | 霜 |
| Bijie | 霜 |
| Liping | 霜 |
| Zhaotong | 霜 |
| Dali | 霜 |
| Kunming | 霜 |
| Mengzi | 霜 |
| Guilin | 霜 |
| Pingle | 霜,狗牙霜 |
| Liuzhou | 霜,霜水 |
| Luzhai | 霜 |
| Nanning(Xiakuojie) | 霜 |
| Nanning(Wuming) | 霜,霜凍 |
| Binyang(Nanjie) | 霜 |
| Hechi(Yizhou) | 霜,白頭霜 |
| Luocheng(Dongmen) | 霜 |
| Jishou | 霜 |
| Changde | 霜 |
| Xiangtan(Jiangnan Industries Group koine) | 霜 |
| Shiquan | 霜 |
| Ziyang | 霜 |
| Hanzhong | 霜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 霜 |
|---|
| Nanjing(Pukou) | 霜 |
| Nanjing(Luhe) | 霜 |
| Nanjing(Lishui) | 霜 |
| Yangzhou | 霜 |
| Yangzhou(Jiangdu) | 霜 |
| Baoying | 霜 |
| Gaoyou | 霜 |
| Yizheng | 霜 |
| Taizhou | 霜 |
| Taixing | 霜 |
| Taizhou(Jiangyan) | 霜 |
| Jingjiang(Dongxing) | 霜 |
| Zhenjiang | 霜 |
| Jurong | 霜 |
| Yangzhong | 霜 |
| Changzhou(Xigang, Jintan) | 霜 |
| Lianyungang | 霜 |
| Guanyun | 霜 |
| Guannan | 霜 |
| Huai'an | 霜 |
| Huai'an(Huai'an District) | 霜 |
| Huai'an(Hongze) | 霜 |
| Lianshui | 霜 |
| Xuyi | 霜 |
| Jinhu | 霜 |
| Xinghua | 霜 |
| Nantong | 霜 |
| Rugao | 霜 |
| Rudong | 霜 |
| Hai'an | 霜 |
| Yancheng | 霜 |
| Dongtai | 霜 |
| Binhai | 霜 |
| Sheyang | 霜 |
| Yancheng(Dafeng) | 霜 |
| Funing | 霜 |
| Jianhu | 霜 |
| Xiangshui | 霜 |
| Shuyang | 霜 |
| Sihong | 霜 |
| Siyang | 霜 |
| Anqing | 霜 |
| Wuhu | 霜 |
| Hefei | 霜 |
| Hong'an | 霜 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 霜 |
|---|
| Nanning | 霜,白頭霜 |
| Wuzhou | 霜 |
| Yulin | 霜 |
| Hepu(Lianzhou) | 霜 |
| Hepu(Shatian) | 霜 |
| Guiping | 霜 |
| Guiping(Jintian) | 霜 |
| Guiping(Jiangkou) | 霜,白頭霜 |
| Guiping(Madong) | 霜 |
| Guiping(Mule) | 霜 |
| Pingnan | 霜 |
| Pingnan(Danzhu) | 霜 |
| Guigang(Gangcheng) | 霜 |
| Guigang(Pingdong) | 霜 |
| Baise | 霜 |
| Qinzhou | 霜,白頭霜 |
| Qinzhou(Changtan) | 霜,白頭霜 |
| Qinzhou(Xiniujiao) | 霜 |
| Beihai | 雪 |
| Beihai(Nankang) | 霜 |
| Beihai(Yingpan) | 霜 |
| Beihai(Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 霜 |
| Beihai(Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 霜 |
| Fangchenggang(Fangcheng) | 霜 |
| Chongzuo(Laituan) | 霜 |
| Fusui(Qujiu) | 霜 |
| Móng Cái | 霜 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 霜 |
|---|
| Lichuan | 霜 |
| Pingxiang | 霜 |
| Ankang(Niuti) | 霜 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 霜 |
|---|
| Yudu | 霜 |
| Pingle(Tong'an) | 霜 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 霜 |
|---|
| Shexian | 霜 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 霜,呵雪 |
|---|
| Yangyuan | 霜 |
| Datong | 霜 |
| Xinzhou | 霜 |
| Lüliang(Lishi) | 霜 |
| Changzhi | 霜 |
| Changzhi(Tunliu) | 霜 |
| Linhe | 霜 |
| Jining | 霜 |
| Hohhot | 霜 |
| Erenhot | 霜 |
| Pingshan | 霜,霜雪 |
| Zhangjiakou | 霜 |
| Handan | 霜 |
| Anyang | 霜 |
| Linzhou | 霜 |
| Suide | 霜 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 霜 |
|---|
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 霜 |
|---|
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 霜 |
|---|
| Quanzhou | 霜 |
| Zhangzhou | 霜 |
| Guilin(Biyange) | 霜 |
| Pingle(Zhoutang) | 霜 |
| Haikou | 霜 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 霜 |
|---|
| Putian(Donghai, Chengxiang) | 霜 |
| Putian(Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 霜 |
| Putian(Nanri, Xiuyu) | 霜 |
| Xianyou | 霜 |
| Xianyou(Fengting) | 霜 |
| Xianyou(Youyang) | 霜 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan(Sanxiang) | 霜 |
|---|
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning(Tingzi) | 白頭雪 |
|---|
| Binyang | 霜 |
| Chongzuo(Laituan) | 霜 |
| Chongzuo(Xinhe) | 霜 |
| Hechi(Desheng, Yizhou) | 霜 |
| Luocheng(Niubi) | 霜 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin(Dongbianzhou) | 霜 |
|---|
| Lingchuan(Sanjie) | 霜,白霜 |
| Pingle(Xintangmian) | 霜 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 霜 |
|---|
| Shanghai(Songjiang) | 霜 |
| Shanghai(Zhoupu, Pudong) | 霜 |
| Shanghai(Jiading) | 霜 |
| Shanghai(Shuangcaodun, Baoshan) | 霜 |
| Shanghai(Luodian, Baoshan) | 霜,老白霜 |
| Shanghai(Chongming) | 霜 |
| Suzhou | 霜 |
| Suzhou(Wujiang) | 霜 |
| Suzhou(Lili, Wujiang) | 霜 |
| Suzhou(Shengze, Wujiang) | 霜 |
| Wuxi | 霜 |
| Changshu | 霜 |
| Kunshan | 霜 |
| Taicang | 霜 |
| Zhangjiagang | 霜 |
| Nantong(Tongzhou) | 霜 |
| Qidong | 霜 |
| Nantong(Haimen) | 霜 |
| Haimen(Sijia) | 霜 |
| Jiaxing | 霜 |
| Changzhou | 霜 |
| Liyang | 霜 |
| Changzhou(Jintan) | 霜 |
| Yixing | 霜 |
| Danyang | 霜 |
| Danyang(Tongjiaqiao) | 霜 |
| Jingjiang | 霜,露霜 |
| Jiangyin | 霜 |
| Nanjing(Gaochun) | 霜 |
| Huzhou(Shuanglin) | 霜 |
| Hangzhou | 霜,霜凍 dated |
| Hangzhou(Fuyang) | 霜 |
| Shaoxing | 霜 |
| Zhuji(Wangjiajing) | 霜 |
| Shengzhou(Chongren) | 霜 |
| Shengzhou(Taiping) | 霜 |
| Ningbo | 霜 |
| Yuyao | 霜 |
| Zhoushan | 霜 |
| Taizhou(Huangyan) | 霜 |
| Wenzhou | 霜 |
| Quzhou | 霜 |
| Jinhua | 霜 |
| Yongkang | 霜 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 霜 |
|---|
| Xiangtan | 霜 |
| Loudi | 霜 |
| Hengyang | 霜 |
Dialectal synonyms of
冰 (“ice”)
[map]| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|
| Classical Chinese | 冰,凌 |
|---|
| Formal(Written Standard Chinese) | 冰 |
|---|
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 冰 |
|---|
| Taiwan | 冰 |
| Langfang | 冰 |
| Chengde | 冰 |
| Ulanhot | 冰 |
| Tongliao | 冰 |
| Chifeng | 冰,冰冰 |
| Hulunbuir(Hailar) | 冰 |
| Heihe | 冰 |
| Qiqihar | 冰 |
| Harbin | 冰 |
| Wuchang(Yingchengzi) | 冰 |
| Jiamusi | 冰 |
| Baicheng | 冰,凍 |
| Changchun | 凍冰 |
| Tonghua | 冰 |
| Shenyang | 冰,凍 |
| Jinzhou | 冰 |
| Singapore | 冰 |
| Olginsky(Mikhaylovka) | 冰 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 冰 |
|---|
| Tangshan | 冰 |
| Cangzhou | 冰,凌 |
| Xianxian(Xiaoying) | 凌 |
| Baoding | 冰 |
| Shijiazhuang | 冰,冰凌 |
| Lijin | 凍凍 |
| Weifang(Weicheng) | 凍凍 |
| Weifang(Fangzi) | 凍凍 |
| Changle | 凍凍 |
| Shouguang | 凍凍 |
| Rizhao | 凍凍 |
| Wulian | 凍凍 |
| Jinan | 冰,凍凍 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 冰 |
|---|
| Dandong | 冰 |
| Yantai | 冰 |
| Yantai(Muping) | 冰 |
| Qingdao | 冰 |
| Weifang(Hanting) | 凍凍 |
| Changyi | 凍凍 |
| Gaomi | 凍凍 |
| Zhucheng | 凍凍 |
| Anqiu | 凍凍 |
| Linqu | 凍凍 |
| Qingzhou | 凍凍 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 冰,冰凌 |
|---|
| Jining | 凌,凍凍 |
| Daming | 冰凌 |
| Wanrong | 冬凌 |
| Linfen | 凍凌 |
| Shangqiu | 冰涼 |
| Yuanyang | 冰 |
| Zhengzhou | 冰 |
| Xinyang | 冰凌 |
| Ankang | 凌冰 |
| Ankang(Xianhe, Hanbin) | 凌冰 |
| Baihe | 冰,凍 |
| Baihe(Maoping) | 凌冰 |
| Xi'an | 冰,冰凌 |
| Dingbian | 冰 |
| Baoji | 冰,凍 |
| Tianshui | 冰 |
| Xining | 冰 |
| Xuzhou | 凍凍,冰冰,冰 |
| Fuyang | 冰,冰涼,冬龍 |
| Qimen(Anling; Junhua) | 冰凍 |
| Sokuluk(Gansu Dungan) | 冰 |
| Masanchin(Shaanxi Dungan) | 冰 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 冰,凍 |
|---|
| Bayanhot | 冰 |
| Lanzhou | 冰,凍 |
| Dunhuang | 冰 |
| Hami | 冰 |
| Ürümqi | 冰 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 冰,凌冰,凌冰兒 |
|---|
| Nanchong | 冰 |
| Dazhou | 凌冰 |
| Hanyuan | 冰,凌冰 |
| Xichang | 冰 |
| Zigong | 冰 |
| Muli | 凌冰子 |
| Chongqing | 冰,凌冰兒 |
| Wuhan | 凌,凌冰,冰,凍 |
| Yichang | 冰 |
| Xiangyang | 冰,凍 |
| Tianmen | 冰,凍 |
| Guiyang | 冰,凌冰 in nature |
| Zunyi | 凌冰兒 |
| Bijie | 凌,凌冰 |
| Liping | 凌 |
| Zhaotong | 凌冰 |
| Dali | 凌冰 |
| Kunming | 冰凌 |
| Mengzi | 冰 |
| Guilin | 冰 |
| Pingle | 冰 |
| Liuzhou | 冰 |
| Luzhai | 冰 |
| Nanning(Xiakuojie) | 冰 |
| Nanning(Wuming) | 冰 |
| Binyang(Nanjie) | 冰 |
| Hechi(Yizhou) | 冰 |
| Luocheng(Dongmen) | 冰 |
| Tianlin(Langping) | 凝 |
| Xiangzhou(Nalu) | 冰 |
| Jishou | 冰 |
| Changde | 凌 |
| Shiquan | 凌冰 |
| Ziyang | 凌冰 |
| Hanzhong | 冰 |
| Reshuitang(Longling) | 冰 |
| Mae Salong(Lancang) | 冰 |
| Mae Sai(Tengchong) | 冰 |
| Oudomxay | 冰棒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 冰,凍 |
|---|
| Yangzhou | 冰,凍 |
| Lianyungang | 冰,凍 |
| Lianshui | 凍 |
| Nantong | 凍 |
| Anqing | 冰 |
| Wuhu | 冰凍 |
| Hefei | 冰凍,冰 |
| Chuzhou | 冰凍 |
| Hong'an | 凌冰 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 雪,冰 |
|---|
| Hong Kong | 冰,雪 |
| Hong Kong(San Tin; Weitou) | 冰 |
| Hong Kong(Ting Kok) | 冰 |
| Hong Kong(Tung Ping Chau) | 冰 |
| Zhongshan(Chongkoumen, Nanlang; Tanka) | 冰,雪 |
| Taishan | 冰 |
| Taishan(Guanghai) | 冰,雪 |
| Dongguan | 冰,雪 |
| Yangjiang | 冰 |
| Nanning | 冰 |
| Wuzhou | 冰 |
| Yulin | 冰 |
| Hepu(Lianzhou) | 冰 |
| Hepu(Shatian) | 冰 |
| Guiping(Jintian) | 冰 |
| Guiping(Jiangkou) | 冰 |
| Guiping(Madong) | 冰 |
| Pingnan(Danzhu) | 冰 |
| Beiliu | 冰 |
| Baise | 冰 |
| Qinzhou | 冰 |
| Qinzhou(Changtan) | 冰 |
| Qinzhou(Xiniujiao) | 冰 |
| Beihai | 冰 |
| Beihai(Nankang) | 冰 |
| Beihai(Yingpan) | 冰 |
| Beihai(Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 冰 |
| Beihai(Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 冰 |
| Fangchenggang(Fangcheng) | 冰 |
| Chongzuo(Laituan) | 冰,霜 dated |
| Fusui(Qujiu) | 冰,霜 dated |
| Lingchuan(Yangjia) | 冰 |
| Danzhou | 冰 |
| Sanya(Yanglan; Maihua) | 冰 |
| Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu) | 冰 |
| Ipoh(Guangfu) | 冰 |
| Singapore(Guangfu) | 冰 |
| Ho Chi Minh City(Guangfu) | 冰 |
| Móng Cái | 冰 |
| Yangon(Taishan) | 冰 |
| Mandalay(Taishan) | 冰 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 冰,冰凌 |
|---|
| Pengze | 凌冰 |
| Yanshan(Hekou) | 冰 |
| Lichuan | 冰凌 |
| Pingxiang | 冰,凌冰 dated; in nature |
| Ankang(Niuti) | 冰,凌冰,凌 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 凝,冰 |
|---|
| Xingning | 凝餅 |
| Huidong(Daling) | 凝 |
| Dongguan(Qingxi) | 冰 |
| Wuhua(Shuizhai) | 冰 |
| Wuhua(Huacheng) | 硬凝 |
| Wuhua(Changbu) | 凝 |
| Wuhua(Mianyang) | 冰 |
| Heyuan(Bendihua) | 冰 |
| Wengyuan | 冰 |
| Lianshan(Xiaosanjiang) | 硬凝 |
| Liannan | 冰 |
| Jiexi | 冰 |
| Zhao'an(Xiuzhuan) | 冰 |
| Changting | 凌冰 |
| Wuping | 凌冰 |
| Wuping(Yanqian) | 凌冰 |
| Wuping(Pingyu) | 硬凝 |
| Liancheng | 凌冰 |
| Liancheng(Peitian) | 凌冰 |
| Ninghua | 凌冰 |
| Yudu | 冰 |
| Ningdu | 凌冰 |
| Ruijin | 凌冰 |
| Shicheng | 凌冰 |
| Shangyou(Shexi) | 硬構 |
| Tonggu(Sandu) | 凌冰 |
| Ganzhou(Panlong) | 凌冰 |
| Dayu | 凌冰 |
| Miaoli(N. Sixian) | 冰 |
| Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian) | 冰 |
| Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu) | 冰 |
| Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu) | 冰 |
| Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping) | 冰 |
| Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 冰 |
| Hong Kong | 冰 |
| Yangxi(Tangkou) | 冰 |
| Yangchun(Sanjia) | 冰 |
| Xinyi(Sihe) | 雪 |
| Xinyi(Qianpai) | 冰 |
| Gaozhou(Xindong) | 冰 |
| Maoming(Shalang, Dianbai) | 冰 |
| Huazhou(Xin'an) | 冰 |
| Lianjiang(Shijiao) | 冰 |
| Lianjiang(Qingping) | 冰 |
| Mengshan(Xihe) | 冰 |
| Luchuan | 冰 |
| Bobai(Shahe) | 冰 |
| Bobai(Longtan) | 冰 |
| Bobai(Lingping) | 冰 |
| Beiliu(Gonghe, Xilang) | 冰 |
| Xingye(Gaofeng) | 冰 |
| Guilin(Xiaojiang, Lingui) | 冰 |
| Pingle(Tong'an) | 冰 |
| Yangshuo(Jinbao) | 冰 |
| Senai(Huiyang) | 冰 |
| Singkawang | 雪 |
| Pontianak(Meixian) | 雪 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 冰,凍冰 |
|---|
| Shexian | 冰 |
| Shexian(Xianggao) | 冰 |
| Shexian(Daguyun) | 冰,凍冰 |
| Qimen(Anling; Minhua) | 冰凍 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 冰,冰凌 |
|---|
| Taiyuan(Jiancaoping) | 冰 |
| Yangyuan | 冰 |
| Datong | 冰 |
| Datong(Yunzhou) | 冰 |
| Datong(Xicetian, Yunzhou) | 冰凌 |
| Xinzhou | 冬蠟 |
| Lüliang(Lishi) | 凍凌 |
| Changzhi | 冰,冰凌 |
| Changzhi(Tunliu) | 冰 |
| Taibus(Baochang) | 冰 |
| Linhe | 冰 |
| Jining | 冰 |
| Hohhot | 冰,凍冰 |
| Baotou | 冰 |
| Dongsheng | 冰 |
| Haibowan | 冰 |
| Erenhot | 冰 |
| Pingshan | 凍凌 |
| Zhangjiakou | 冰 |
| Handan | 冰,冬凌 |
| Anyang | 冰 |
| Linzhou | 冰冰 |
| Suide | 冰 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 冰,霜冰 |
|---|
| Pucheng(Shibei) | 冰 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 冰 |
|---|
| Fuqing | 冰 |
| Gutian | 冰 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 冰,霜 |
|---|
| Quanzhou | 冰,霜 |
| Zhangzhou | 冰,霜 |
| Tainan | 冰 |
| Penang(Hokkien) | 霜,冰 |
| Singapore(Hokkien) | 霜,冰 |
| Manila(Hokkien) | 霜 |
| Pingnan(Pingtian) | 冰 |
| Guiping(Xiaowen) | 冰 |
| Guiping(Dongsheng) | 冰 |
| Guilin(Biyange) | 冰 |
| Pingle(Zhoutang) | 冰 |
| Chaozhou | 霜,冰 |
| Shantou | 冰 |
| Jieyang | 冰 |
| Bangkok(Teochew) | 霜水 |
| Phnom Penh(Teochew) | 冰霜 |
| Johor Bahru(Teochew) | 冰 |
| Singapore(Teochew) | 霜 |
| Pontianak(Teochew) | 冰 |
| Wenchang | 冰 |
| Haikou | 冰 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 冰 |
|---|
| Putian(Donghai, Chengxiang) | 冰 |
| Putian(Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 冰 |
| Putian(Nanri, Xiuyu) | 冰 |
| Xianyou | 冰 |
| Xianyou(Fengting) | 冰 |
| Xianyou(Youyang) | 冰 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 霜冰 |
|---|
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan(Longdu, Shaxi) | 冰 |
|---|
| Zhongshan(Sanxiang) | 冰 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning(Tingzi) | 冰 |
|---|
| Nanning(Gejiayuan) | 冰 |
| Nanning(Zhegulu) | 冰 |
| Nanning(Silian) | 冰 |
| Nanning(Xiuxiang) | 冰 |
| Binyang | 冰 |
| Chongzuo(Laituan) | 冰 |
| Chongzuo(Xinhe) | 冰 |
| Hechi(Desheng, Yizhou) | 冰 |
| Luocheng(Niubi) | 冰 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin(Dahe) | 冰 |
|---|
| Guilin(Dongbianzhou) | 冰 |
| Guilin(Wutong, Lingui) | 冰 |
| Guilin(Liutang, Lingui) | 冰 |
| Lingchuan(Sanjie) | 冰 |
| Lingchuan(Gaoqiao) | 冰 |
| Guanyang(Guanyinge) | 雪 |
| Pingle(Xintangmian) | 冰 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 冰 |
|---|
| Fuding | 冰 |
| Luoyuan | 冰 |
| Sanming | 冰 |
| Shunchang | 冰 |
| Hua'an | 冰 |
| Guixi(Zhangping) | 冰 |
| Cangnan | 冰 |
| Jingning(Hexi) | 冰 |
| Lishui | 冰 |
| Longyou | 冰 |
| Chaozhou | 冰 |
| Fengshun | 雪 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang(Gaofeng) | 涼槓 |
|---|
| Luxi(Liangjiatan) | 凝鉤子 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 冰 |
|---|
| Shanghai(Songjiang) | 冰 |
| Shanghai(Zhoupu, Pudong) | 冰 |
| Shanghai(Jiading) | 冰 |
| Shanghai(Shuangcaodun, Baoshan) | 冰 |
| Shanghai(Luodian, Baoshan) | 冰 |
| Shanghai(Chongming) | 冰 |
| Suzhou | 冰 |
| Suzhou(Lili, Wujiang) | 冰 |
| Suzhou(Shengze, Wujiang) | 冰 |
| Wuxi | 冰 |
| Changshu | 冰,冰凍 |
| Kunshan | 冰 |
| Jiaxing | 冰 |
| Changzhou | 冰,結冰 |
| Liyang | 冰 |
| Yixing | 冰 |
| Danyang | 冰,凍 |
| Danyang(Tongjiaqiao) | 冰 |
| Jingjiang | 冰 |
| Jiangyin | 冰 |
| Huzhou(Shuanglin) | 冰 |
| Hangzhou | 冰 |
| Hangzhou(Fuyang) | 冰 |
| Shaoxing | 冰 |
| Zhuji(Wangjiajing) | 冰凍 |
| Shengzhou(Chongren) | 冰 |
| Shengzhou(Taiping) | 冰 |
| Ningbo | 冰 |
| Ningbo(Yinzhou) | 冰 |
| Yuyao | 冰 |
| Zhoushan | 冰 |
| Taizhou(Huangyan) | 冰 |
| Wenzhou | 冰,霜冰 in nature |
| Quzhou | 冰 |
| Jinhua | 冰 |
| Jinhua(Tangxi) | 冰 |
| Yongkang | 冰 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 凌,凌冰 in nature |
|---|
| Xiangtan | 冰 |
| Xiangxiang | 冰 |
| Xiangxiang(Meiqiao) | 凌構子 |
| Shuangfeng | 構冷子 |
| Hengyang | 冰 |
| Hengshan | 冰 |
| Hengshan(Baiguo) | 冰 |
| Qinglong(Changliu Laba Miao) | 冰,凌,凌構 |
霜
(Jōyō kanji)
- frost
- years
- whiteas snow,coldas ice,harsh assnow
⟨simo₁⟩ →/simo/ →/ɕimo/
FromOld Japanese, first attested in theHarima Fudoki of 715CE,[1] in turn fromProto-Japonic*simo.
Thought to be cognate with or derived from下(⟨simo1⟩ → shimo,“bottom,lowerpart”).
霜• (shimo)
- frost(icecrystals inobjectsexposed to theair)
- Synonym:フロスト(furosuto)
- (by extension)iceadheredinside anelectricrefrigerator
- (figurative)whitehair
霜• (Shimo)
- asurname
- ^“霜”, in日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition,Tokyo:Shogakukan,2006
- ^Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN
FromMiddle Chinese霜 (MC srjang). Recorded asMiddle Korean사ᇰ(sang) (Yale:sang) inHunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
霜 (eumhun서리상(seori sang))
- hanja form? of상(“frost”)
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전／電子字典.[4]
霜:Hán Nôm readings:sương
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text
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