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陷 (Kangxi radical 170,阜+8, 11 strokes,cangjie input弓中弓竹難 (NLNHX),four-corner77277,composition⿰阝臽)
| simp. andtrad. | 陷 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | ||
| Historical forms of the character陷 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan) | Liushutong (compiled inMing) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |  |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*ɡroːms): semantic 阜 + phonetic 臽(OC*kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms,“to fall into a trap”).臽 is the pictographic protoform of this character;阜 was added later to differentiate.
| Variety | Location | 陷 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕian⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /ɕian⁵³/ /ɕyan⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /ɕian⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /ɕiã²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /ɕiã⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ɕian³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /ɕiã⁵³/ | |
| Xining | /ɕiã²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ɕian¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ɕiɛ̃n¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ɕian²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /ɕiɛn³⁵/～害 /xan⁴²/ | |
| Chengdu | /xan¹³/ /ɕian¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /ɕian²¹³/ /xan²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /ɕiɛ̃²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /ɕien⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ɕiĩ⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕie⁴⁵/下～ /xæ̃⁴⁵/～在泥裡 |
| Pingyao | /ɕiɑŋ³⁵/ | |
| Hohhot | /ɕie⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦe²³/ /ɦie²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ɦiɪ³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɦiẽ̞¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ɦa²²/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕie²²/ /xɛ²²/ |
| Tunxi | /siɛ⁴²/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /xan⁵⁵/ |
| Xiangtan | /han⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /han²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ham⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | /hɑm⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ham²²/ |
| Nanning | /ham²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /hɐm²²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ham²²/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hɑŋ²⁴²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xaŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /ham³¹/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /ham³³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 陷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 咸 (151) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 戸韽切 |
| Baxter | heamH |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠɛmH/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦᵚæmH/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɐmH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦəɨmH/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɐmH/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɐmH/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣămH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | haam6 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 陷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hɛmH › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ˁromʔ-s/ |
| English | fall into a pit |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 陷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13556 |
| Phonetic component | 臽 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 陷 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡroːms/ |
| Notes | 臽轉註字 |
陷
| 陥 | |
| 陷 |
(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji,shinjitai form陥)
FromMiddle Chinese陷 (MC heamH). Recorded asMiddle Korean함〯(hǎm) (Yale:ham) inHunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
陷:Hán Nôm readings:hãm,hẳm,hỏm,hoắm,hóm
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