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長安

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:长安

Chinese

		long; length; forever long; length; forever; always; constantly; chief; head; elder; to grow; to develop	content; calm; still content; calm; still; quiet; to pacify; peace; how
trad.(長安)		長	安
simp.(长安)		长	安

Wikipedia has articles on:

長安 /长安(Chinese)
長安 /长安(Cantonese)
長安(Classical Chinese)
Tiông-an(Min Nan)
Chang'an(English)

Etymology

(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin):cháng'ān
(Zhuyin):ㄔㄤˊ ㄢ
Cantonese(Jyutping):coeng⁴ on¹
Hakka(Sixian,PFS):chhòng-ôn
Eastern Min(BUC):diòng-ăng
Southern Min(Hokkien,POJ):tiông-an

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:cháng'ān
  - Zhuyin:ㄔㄤˊ ㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:cháng-an
  - Wade–Giles:chʻang²-an¹
  - Yale:cháng-ān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:charngan
  - Palladius:чанъань(čanʺanʹ)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping:coeng⁴ on¹
  - Yale:chèuhngōn
  - Cantonese Pinyin:tsoeng⁴ on¹
  - Guangdong Romanization:cêng⁴ on¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:chhòng-ôn
  - Hakka Romanization System:cong^ˇ on^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:cong² on¹
  - SinologicalIPA:/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ on²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:diòng-ăng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/tuoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵^(Ø-)ŋaŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:tiông-an
  - Tâi-lô:tiông-an
  - Phofsit Daibuun:diong'afn
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen):/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou):/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² an³³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangzhou):/tiɔŋ¹³⁻²² an⁴⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei):/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese:drjang 'an

Rime
Character	長	安
Reading #	1/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	直良切	烏寒切
Baxter	drjang	'an
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨɐŋ/	/ʔɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiɐŋ/	/ʔɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiɑŋ/	/ʔɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖɨaŋ/	/ʔan/
Li Rong	/ȡiaŋ/	/ʔɑn/
Wang Li	/ȡĭaŋ/	/ɑn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯aŋ/	/ʔɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cháng	ān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	coeng⁴	on¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*Cə-[N]-traŋ [ʔ]ˤa[n]/
(Zhengzhang):/*daŋ qaːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	長	安
Reading #	1/2	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cháng	ān
Middle Chinese	‹ drjang ›	‹ 'an ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə-[N]-traŋ/	/*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/
English	long (adj.)	peace(ful)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	長	安
Reading #	2/3	1/1
No.	1276	11
Phonetic component	長	安
Rime group	陽	元
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	長	安
Old Chinese	/*daŋ/	/*qaːn/

Proper noun

長安

(historical)Chang'an(anancient capital ofvarious Chinese empires located withinpresent-day Xi'an)
(～區, formerly～縣)Chang'an (adistrict and formercounty ofXi'an,Shaanxi,China)
(～區)Chang'an (adistrict ofShijiazhuang,Hebei,China)
(～鎮)Chang'an(name of various towns in China)
1. Chang'an (atown inDongguan,Guangdong,China)
(～鄉,～土家族鄉)Chang'an (atownship inFengjie,Chongqing,China)
Tràng An Scenic Landscape Complex (an UNESCO World Heritage Site inNinh Bình Province,Vietnam)

Derived terms

小長安 /小长安(Xiǎocháng'ān)
長安街 /长安街(Cháng'ān Jiē)

Descendants

→ English:Chang'an,Ch'ang-an

Noun

長安

(literary, figurative)capital city

Synonyms

上京(shàngjīng)(literary)
上國 /上国(shàngguó)(literary)
中都(zhōngdū)(archaic)
京城(jīngchéng)(literary)
京師 /京师(jīngshī)(literary)
京華 /京华(jīnghuá)(literary)
京邑(jīngyì)(literary)
京都(jīngdū)(literary)
國家 /国家(guójiā)(Classical Chinese)
國都 /国都(guódū)
帝都(dìdū)(imperial capital)
王京(wángjīng)(literary, royal capital)
王都(wángdū)(formal, royal capital)
皇州(huángzhōu)(literary, imperial capital)
神州(shénzhōu)(literary)
都城(dūchéng)
都邑(dūyì)(literary)
都門 /都门(dūmén)(literary)
鎬京 /镐京(hàojīng)(literary)
首都(shǒudū)

Japanese

JapaneseWikipedia has an article on:

長安

Kanji in this term
長	安
ちょう Grade: 2	あん Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo)ちょーあん[chóꜜòàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞ːã̠ɴ]

Proper noun

長(ちょう)安(あん)• (Chōan) ^{←ちやうあん(Tyauan)^?}

(historical)Chang'an

Korean

Hanja in this term
長	安

Proper noun

長安• (Jang'an) (hangeul장안)

hanja form^? of장안(“Chang'an”)

Tày

Proper noun

長安 (an)

Nôm form ofTàng An(“Chang'an”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
長	安

Proper noun

長安

chữ Hán form ofTràng An(“Chang'an”)

Notes: An alternative reading could beTrường An

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