Stroke order
Stroke order
镸 ( when used as a radical ) 長 Kangxi radical 168,長 +0, 8 strokes,cangjie input 尸一女 (SMV ),four-corner 71732 ,composition ⿱⿺丄 三 ⿰𠄌 ⿺乀 丿 (G J K V ) or⿸⿱⿺丄 三 𠄌 ⿺乀 丿 (H T ) or⿱⿰丨 三 ⿸𰀀 ⿺乀 丿 (H T ))
Kangxi radical #168,⾧ Appendix:Chinese radical/長 倀 ,㙊 ,帳 ,張 ,悵 ,掁 ,涱 ,棖 ,脹 ,䂻 ,粻 ,䗅 ,䛫 ,賬 ,䠆 ,躼 ,鋹 ,䩨 ,韔 ,餦 萇 ,㷃 ,鼚 ,痮 Additional Derived Characters
𰅸 ,𫪛 ,𪥽 ,𤟔 ,𪯹 ,𰖎 𤊞 ,𪺑 ,𧹔 ,𤬅 ,𤲘 ,𥇔 ,𬔡 ,𧛇 ,𦁢 ,𢐘 ,𮝙 ,𮡙 ,𬼓 ,𮪉 ,𩸕 ,𮦳 𭀫 ,𩳤 ,𬪆 ,𡘷 ,𥮲 ,𩭨 ,𪠍 ,𪧼 ,𦹥 ,𣛊 ,𰆩 Kangxi Dictionary:page 1328 , character 7 Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41100 Dae Jaweon: page 1829, character 11 Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4050, character 1 Unihan data for U+9577 Old Chinese 張 *taŋ, *taŋs 餦 *taŋ 粻 *taŋ 漲 *taŋ, *taŋʔ, *taŋs 長 *taŋʔ, *daŋ, *daŋs 脹 *taŋs 痮 *taŋs 帳 *taŋs 賬 *taŋs 倀 *tʰaŋ, *rtaːŋs 鼚 *tʰaŋ 鋹 *tʰaŋʔ 悵 *tʰaŋs 韔 *tʰaŋs 萇 *daŋ 瓺 *daŋ, *daŋs 棖 *rdaːŋ 掁 *rdaːŋ
Pictogram (象形 镸 (e.g.,⾽ and鬓 ).
Compare彡 老 and its variant考 .
Three pronunciations below are cognate, all derived from the original root of張
Pronunciation 1 ("long") is theendopassive derivative ("be extended, be stretched"), withintransitive voicing . The lack of Tibeto-Burmancognates with the same meaning indicate that this is a Chineseinnovation . Pronunciation 2 ("to grow") is theendoactive derivative. The different pronunciations are one of the few instances of contemporary grammatical tone in Mandarin.
See張
Mandarin (Standard (Pinyin :cháng chang2 (Zhuyin :ㄔㄤˊ (Chengdu ,Sichuanese Pinyin :cang2 (Xi'an ,Guanzhong Pinyin :cháng (Nanjing ,Nanjing Pinyin :chán (Dungan ,Cyrillic andWiktionary :чон (čon, I)Cantonese (Guangzhou –Hong Kong ,Jyutping :coeng4 (Dongguan ,Jyutping++ :coeng4 (Taishan ,Wiktionary :ciang3 Gan (Wiktionary :cong2 Hakka (Sixian ,PFS :chhòng (Hailu ,HRS :chong (Meixian ,Guangdong :cong2 (Changting , Changting Pinyin :chông2 Jin (Wiktionary :con1 Northern Min (KCR :dǒ̤ng / diǒng Eastern Min (BUC :dòng / diòng Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing dung2 / dng2 / dyorng2 / doeng2 / duerng2 / dyoeng2 / dyang2 / dieng2 Southern Min (Hokkien ,POJ :tn̂g tôⁿ tiô tiôⁿ tiông tiâng chhiâng (Teochew ,Peng'im :deng5 / ciang5 (Leizhou , Leizhou Pinyin :do5 / qiang5 Southern Pinghua (Nanning ,Jyutping++ :ziang4 , ziang2 Wu (Wugniu Xiang (Changsha ,Wiktionary :zhan2 (Loudi ,Wiktionary :jjiong2 (Hengyang ,Wiktionary :jian2 Note :
dǒ̤ng - colloquial; diǒng - literary. Note :
dòng - colloquial; diòng - literary. Note :
dung2/dng2 - colloquial; dyorng2/doeng2/duerng2/dyoeng2/dyang2/dieng2 - literary. Southern Min (Hokkien Xiamen Quanzhou Zhangzhou GeneralTaiwanese ,Penang (Hokkien Changtai Longyan (Hokkien Xiamen Zhangzhou (Hokkien Changtai (Hokkien Xiamen Quanzhou GeneralTaiwanese ) (Hokkien Zhangzhou Changtai (Hokkien Xiamen GeneralTaiwanese ) Note :
tn̂g/tôⁿ - colloquial; tiô/tiôⁿ - colloquial (only used in長泰 ／ 长泰 tiông/tiâng - literary; chhiâng - literary (limited, e.g.笨長 ／ 笨长 高長 ／ 高长 Note :
deng5 - colloquial; ciang5 - literary. (Leizhou Leizhou Pinyin do5 / qiang5 SinologicalIPA :/tɔ²²/, /t͡sʰiaŋ²²/ Note :
do5 - colloquial; qiang5 - literary. Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )Character 長 Reading # 1/2 Modern cháng Middle ‹ drjang › Old /*Cə-[N]-traŋ/ English long (adj.) Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)Character 長 Reading # 2/3 No. 1276 Phonetic 長 Rime 陽 Rime 0 Corresponding 長 Old /*daŋ/
長
long ( of distance ) 長 征／ 长 征cháng zhēnglength 全長 ／ 全长 quáncháng long ( in space ) ;far ;distant long ( of time ) ;lasting ( Northern Wu , of a person) tall 我 比 伊 長 三十 厘米 。[Shanghainese ,trad. 我 比 伊 长 三十 厘米 。[Shanghainese ,simp. 6 ngu5 pi6 yi6 zan1 se-zeq8 6 li-mi6 [Wugniu ] I'mtaller than him by thirty centimeters. everlasting ;permanent constantly ;frequently See also:常 straight ;perfectly straightupright ;right ;good ;fine strength ;advantage ;merit skill ;specialism toexcel in ( Mainland China Hokkien ) take advantage of someone( Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien ) segment oftime orobject 分 做 兩 長 [Hokkien ,trad. 分 做 两 长 [Hokkien ,simp. hun chòe nn̄gtn̂g [Pe̍h-ōe-jī ] to divide into twosegments ( Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien ) regularly ;often ;frequently asurname ( tall ) :
Dialectal synonyms of
高 (“tall; high”)
[map] Variety Location Words Formal(Written Standard Chinese ) 高 Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 高 Taiwan 高 Malaysia 高 Singapore 高 Jilu Mandarin Jinan 高 Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai(Muping) 高 Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 高 Xi'an 高 Xining 高 Xuzhou 高 Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 高 Ürümqi 高 Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 高 Wuhan 高 長 † Guiyang 高 Guilin 高 Liuzhou 高 Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 高 Yangzhou 高 Hefei 高 Cantonese Guangzhou 高 Hong Kong 高 Taishan 高 Dongguan 高 Yangjiang 高 Singapore(Guangfu) 高 Gan Nanchang 高 猛 † Lichuan 高 Pingxiang 高 Hakka Meixian 高 Changting 高 Wuping 高 Liancheng 高 Ninghua 高 Yudu 高 Huizhou Jixi 高 長 † Jin Taiyuan 高 Xinzhou 高 Northern Min Jian'ou 高 Eastern Min Fuzhou 懸 Fuzhou(Changle) 懸 Fuqing 懸 Pingtan 懸 Yongtai 懸 Gutian 懸 Fu'an 懸 Ningde 懸 Shouning 懸 Zhouning 懸 Matsu 懸 Southern Min Xiamen 懸 躼 † Quanzhou 懸 躼 † Zhangzhou 懸 躼 † Zhao'an 懸 Taipei 懸 躼 † New Taipei(Sanxia) 懸 躼 † Kaohsiung 懸 躼 † Yilan 懸 躼 † Changhua(Lukang) 懸 躼 † Taichung 懸 Tainan 懸 躼 † Hsinchu 懸 Kinmen 懸 Penghu(Magong) 懸 Penang(Hokkien) 懸 Singapore(Hokkien) 懸 躼 † Manila(Hokkien) 懸 躼 † Chaozhou 懸 Shantou 懸 Singapore(Teochew) 懸 Leizhou 懸 Wenchang 懸 Qionghai 懸 Singapore(Hainanese) 懸 Puxian Min Putian 懸 Putian(Donghai, Chengxiang) 懸 Putian(Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 懸 Putian(Nanri, Xiuyu) 懸 Xianyou 懸 Xianyou(Fengting) 懸 Xianyou(Youyang) 懸 Zhongshan Min Zhongshan(Longdu, Shaxi) 懸 Zhongshan(Sanxiang) 懸 Southern Pinghua Nanning(Tingzi) 高 Wu Shanghai 高 長 † Shanghai(Chongming) 高 長 † Suzhou 高 長 † Danyang 高 Hangzhou 高 長 † Hangzhou(Yuhang) 長 高 Shaoxing 高 長 † Ningbo 高 長 † Wenzhou 高 長 † Jinhua 高 長 † Xiang Changsha 高 上 Loudi 高 Shuangfeng 高 長 † Hengyang 高 Note † - of a person's height
Mandarin (Standard (Pinyin :zhǎng zhang3 (Zhuyin :ㄓㄤˇ (Xi'an ,Guanzhong Pinyin :zhàng (Dungan ,Cyrillic andWiktionary :җон (žon, II)Cantonese (Guangzhou –Hong Kong ,Jyutping :zoeng2 (Dongguan ,Jyutping++ :zoeng2 (Taishan ,Wiktionary :ziang2 Gan (Wiktionary :zong3 Hakka (Sixian ,PFS :chóng (Hailu ,HRS :zhongˊ (Meixian ,Guangdong :zong3 Jin (Wiktionary :zon2 Northern Min (KCR :diǒng Eastern Min (BUC :diōng Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing dyorng3 / doeng3 / duerng3 / dyoeng3 / dyang3 / dieng3 / dieo3 / diao3 / diunn3 Southern Min (Hokkien ,POJ :tióng tiáng tiúⁿ tióⁿ tiáuⁿ chiáng (Teochew ,Peng'im :ziang2 / dion2 (Leizhou , Leizhou Pinyin :jiang2 Southern Pinghua (Nanning ,Jyutping++ :ziang2 Wu (Wugniu Xiang (Changsha ,Wiktionary :zhan3 (Loudi ,Wiktionary :jiong3 (Hengyang ,Wiktionary :jian3 Note :
dyorng3/doeng3/duerng3/dyoeng3/dyang3/dieng3 - literary; dieo3/diao3/diunn3 - vernacular ("senior"). Note :
tióng/tiáng - literary; tiúⁿ/tióⁿ/tiáuⁿ - vernacular ("leader"); chiáng - colloquial ("to grow",limited ). Note :
ziang2 - "leader", "grow", "senior"; dion2 - dialectal usage ("manager of shops"). Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )Character 長 Reading # 2/2 Modern zhǎng Middle ‹ trjangX › Old /*traŋʔ/ English grow; elder Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)Character 長 Reading # 1/3 No. 1263 Phonetic 長 Rime 陽 Rime 0 Corresponding 長 Old /*taŋʔ/
長
to begin togrow ; togrow ; todevelop 長 大／ 长 大zhǎng dà我 家 的 樹 長 得 很 健康 。[MSC ,trad. 我 家 的 树 长 得 很 健康 。[MSC ,simp. Wǒ jiā de shùzhǎng dé hěn jiànkāng. [Pinyin] The tree in my house isgrowing healthily. ( transitive , with得 de , of a person's appearance) look ; toappear 他 長 得 很 像 他 爸爸 。[MSC ,trad. 他 长 得 很 像 他 爸爸 。[MSC ,simp. Tāzhǎng de hěn xiàng tā bàbà. [Pinyin] Helooks a lot like his dad. 他 長 得 又 高 又 帥 。[MSC ,trad. 他 长 得 又 高 又 帅 。[MSC ,simp. Tāzhǎng de yòu gāo yòu shuài. [Pinyin] Heis tall and handsome. ( transitive ) increase ; toenhance ( intransitive ) increase ; togo up See also:漲 tonourish old (of age )年長 ／ 年长 niánzhǎng senior ;elder 兄長 ／ 兄长 xiōngzhǎng leader ;master ;chief ;head eldest ;oldest toexalt ; tohonor 乃 惟 四方 之 多罪 逋逃 ，是 崇 是 長 ，是 信 是 使 ，是 以為 大夫 卿士 。[Classical Chinese ,trad. 乃 惟 四方 之 多罪 逋逃 ，是 崇 是 长 ，是 信 是 使 ，是 以为 大夫 卿士 。[Classical Chinese ,simp. From: TheBook of Documents th – 3rd centuryBCE James Legge 's versionNǎi wéi sìfāng zhī duōzuì būtáo, shì chóng shìzhǎng , shì xìn shì shǐ, shì yǐwéi dàfū qīngshì. [Pinyin] They are only the fugitives from all quarters, loaded with crimes, whom he honours andexalts , whom he employs and trusts, making them great officers and high nobles. towield ; to bein control of Dialectal synonyms of
長 (“(of an organism) to grow; to develop”)
[map] Zhengzhang system (2003)Character 長 Reading # 3/3 No. 1280 Phonetic 長 Rime 陽 Rime 0 Corresponding 仗 Old /*daŋs/
長
( archaic ) length ;measure of lengthSee also:丈 ( archaic , Min ) left over ;surplus ,residue 今旦 飯 長 野 儕 。[Eastern Min ,trad. 今旦 饭 长 野 侪 。[Eastern Min ,simp. gĭng-dáng buông diông iā sâ̤ /[kiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³(t-) nɑŋ²¹³ puɔŋ²⁴² tuɔŋ²⁴² ia³³ sɑ²⁴²] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA] There is a lot ofleftover food today. 長
(Second grade kyōiku kanji )
long ,lengthy longtime growing ,increasing excellent ,great comfortable ,relaxing elder ,old ,senior chief ,head ,leader short for長門 国 ( Nagato no kuni ) :Nagato Province Go-on ちょう ( chō Jōyō ) ←ちやう ( tyau historical ) 、じょう ( jō ) ←ぢやう ( dyau historical ) Kan-on ちょう ( chō Jōyō ) ←ちやう ( tyau historical ) Tō-on じょう ( jō ) ←ぢやう ( dyau historical ) Kun ながい ( naga i長い Jōyō ) おさ ( osa 長 ) ←をさ ( wosa 長 historical ) 、たける ( ta keru長ける ) 、つかさ ( tsukasa 長 ) Nanori いえ ( ie ) 、すすむ ( susumu ) 、たけ ( take ) 、たけし ( takeshi ) 、つね ( tsune ) 、ながし ( nagashi ) 、のぶ ( nobu ) 、ひさ ( hisa ) 、ひさし ( hisashi ) 、まさ ( masa ) 、まさる ( masaru ) 、ます ( masu ) 、みち ( michi ) /tjau/ →/t͡ɕjau/ →/t͡ɕɔː/ →/t͡ɕoː/
FromMiddle Chinese 長 MC 長 MC
長( ちょう ) • (chō ←ちやう ( tyau ) ?
chief ,head ,leader 班( はん ) 長( ちょう ) hanchō the groupleader strong point Antonym: 短 ( tan ) 長( ちょう ) 伸( の ) ばすchō o nobasuenrich astrong point ( music ) major Antonym: 短 ( tan ) 長( ちょう ) • (Chō ←ちやう ( Tyau ) ?
asurname 長( ちょう ) • (chō ←ちやう ( tyau ) ?
short for長門 国 ( Nagato no kuni ) :Nagato Province short for長州 藩 ( Chōshū han ) :Chōshū Domain 薩( さっ ) 長( ちょう ) Sat chōSatsuma Domain andChōshū Domain /wosa/ →/osa/
FromOld Japanese Nihon Shoki [ 3]
Considering the derivation of幼い ( osanai ,“ early childhood, infancy ” ) as長 ( osa ) +無い ( nai ,“ not, without, lacking ” ) , thisosa might have originally included overtones of "senior, elder". CompareEnglish seniority ,elderdom
長( おさ ) • (osa ←をさ ( wosa ) ?
[from 720] chief ,head ,leader Synonym: 頭 ( kashira ) 幼( おさな ) い( osanai “ early childhood, infancy ” ) 治( おさ ) める( osameru “ to quell; to govern, to control ” ,transitive ) ,収( おさ ) まる( osamaru “ to be settled down; to be in place ” ,intransitive ) 村( むら ) 長( おさ ) ( mura osa “ village chief ” ) 里( さと ) 長( おさ ) ( sato osa “ hamlet leader ” ) 長( おさ ) • (Osa ←をさ ( Wosa ) ?
aplace name asurname FromOld Japanese
Stem form of classical adjective長し ( nagashi ) , modern長い ( nagai ,“ long ,lengthy ” ) .
長( なが ) • (naga-
long
長( なが ) • (Naga
asurname FromOld Japanese
Probably derived from就か ( tsuka ,irrealis form of verb就く ( tsuku ) , “totake aposition ”) +さ ( -sa ,“ -ness ” ,suffix indicatingstate ordegree ) .(this (+ ) etymology besourced ?)
長( つかさ ) • (tsukasa
amanager , aheadman , aforeman anofficial Synonym: 役人 ( yakunin ) government service 長( つかさ ) • (Tsukasa
asurname a unisexgiven name ⟨taki1 ⟩ → */takʲi/ →/taki/
Possibly a variant oftake below.[ 4] Ruiju Myōgishō CE
長( たき ) • (taki
height ⟨take2 ⟩ → */takəj/ →/take/
Cognate with高 ( taka ,“ height ” ) ,高い ( takai ,“ high ” ) , and長ける ( takeru ,“ to be high ” ) .
長( たけ ) • (take
height 970–999 Utsubo Monogatari 言ひ教ふる事もなくておほし立つるに、年にもあはず、丈 高く心賢し。 His wife, a princess of the blood, bore him a son, who proved to be clever by nature, and grew up into a boy of superior mien and disposition. 長( たけ ) • (Take
asurname Nominalization of verb長ける ( takeru ,“ toexcel at ” ) .
長( たける ) • (Takeru
asurname a male or femalegiven name FromOld Japanese
Nominalization of classical adjective久し ( hisashi ) , modern久しい ( hisashii ,“ long time ” ) .
長( ひさし ) • (Hisashi
asurname a male or femalegiven name ↑1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Matsumura, Akira , editor (2006 ),大辞林 Daijirin Tokyo :Sanseidō ,→ISBN ↑2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute , editor (1998 ),NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent DictionaryTokyo :NHK Publishing, Inc. ,→ISBN ^ “長 日本国語大辞典 Nihon Kokugo Daijiten [1] Tokyo :Shogakukan ,2006 ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988 ),国語大辞典（新装版） Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition) Tōkyō :Shogakukan ,→ISBN ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011 ),新明解国語辞典 Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten Tokyo :Sanseidō ,→ISBN Middle Chinese 長 MC
Historical readings Dongguk Jeongun reading Dongguk Jeongun , 1448땨ᇰ Yale :ttyàng )Middle Korean Text Eumhun Gloss (hun ) Reading Sinjeung Yuhap , 1576긴 Yale :kin )댱 Yale :tyang )
長 (eumhun 길 장 ( gil jang ) )
Hanja form? 장 ( “ long ;lengthy ” ) .[prefix] Compounds
연장 延長 yeonjang )신장 身長 sinjang )장고 長考 janggo )장광설 長廣舌 janggwangseol )장기 長期 janggi )장단 長短 jangdan )장문 長文 jangmun )장발 長髮 jangbal )장성 長城 jangseong )장소 長所 jangso )장수 長壽 jangsu )장어 長魚 jang'eo )장음 長音 jang'eum )장작 長斫 jangjak )장점 長點 jangjeom )장화 長靴 janghwa )최장 最長 choejang )파장 波長 pajang )Middle Chinese 長 MC
Historical readings Dongguk Jeongun reading Dongguk Jeongun , 1448댜ᇰ〯 Yale :tyǎng )Middle Korean Text Eumhun Gloss (hun ) Reading Sinjeung Yuhap , 1576길 Yale :kil )댱 Yale :tyang )
(SK Standard /Seoul IPA (key ) :[t͡ɕa̠(ː)ŋ] Phonetic hangul:[장 (ː) ] Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length. 長 (eumhun 어른 장 ( eoreun jang ) )
Hanja form? 장 ( “ head ;chief ;manager ” ) .[noun, suffix] Hanja form? 장 ( “ togrow ; todevelop ” ) .[affix] Compounds
성장 成長 seongjang )조장 助長 jojang )장관 長官 janggwan )총장 總長 chongjang )회장 會長 hoejang )사장 社長 sajang )과장 課長 gwajang )의장 議長 uijang )교장 校長 gyojang )시장 市長 sijang )실장 室長 siljang )부장 部長 bujang )장남 長男 jangnam )반장 班長 banjang )가장 家長 gajang )수장 首長 sujang )선장 船長 seonjang )소장 所長 sojang )단장 團長 danjang )대장 隊長 daejang )계장 係長 gyejang )청장 廳長 cheongjang )원장 院長 wonjang )원장 園長 wonjang )장로 長老 jangno )서장 署長 seojang )학장 學長 hakjang )병장 兵長 byeongjang )촌장 村長 chonjang )기장 機長 gijang )함장 艦長 hamjang )국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전／電子字典 .[3] 長 :Hán Việt trường 直 ( trực ) 良 ( lương ) 切 ( thiết ) [ 1] [ 2] [ 3] trưởng 展 ( triển ) 兩 ( lưỡng ) 切 ( thiết ) [ 1] [ 2] [ 3] tràng [ 3] 長 :Nôm tràng [ 1] [ 2] [ 4] trường [ 1] [ 2] [ 4] trưởng [ 1] [ 2] [ 4] dài [ 1] chường [ 2] trành [ 3] trườn [ 5]
chữ Hán form oftrưởng ( “ head ;leader ; togrow ” )
chữ Hán form oftrường ( “ long (of distance and time)” )
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