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跪

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

跪	U+8DEA,跪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8DEA

←跩
[U+8DE9]

CJK Unified Ideographs

跫 →
[U+8DEB]

Translingual

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Han character

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跪 (Kangxi radical 157,足+6, 13 strokes,cangjie input口一弓一山 (RMNMU),four-corner6711₂,composition⿰𧾷危)

References

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Kangxi Dictionary:page 1225, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 37516
Dae Jaweon: page 1696, character 29
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3704, character 3
Unihan data for U+8DEA

Chinese

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simp. andtrad.		跪

Glyph origin

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Characters in the samephonetic series (危)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
鮠	*ŋuːl
峞	ŋuːl, ŋuːlʔ
頠	ŋuːlʔ, ŋrolʔ
詭	*krolʔ
垝	krolʔ, krols
陒	*krolʔ
觤	*krolʔ
恑	*krolʔ
蛫	*krolʔ
祪	*krolʔ
洈	krolʔ, ŋrol
姽	krolʔ, ŋrolʔ
桅	*krolʔ
佹	*krolʔ
跪	kʰrolʔ, ɡrolʔ
危	*ŋrol
峗	*ŋrol
硊	*ŋrolʔ
卼	*kʰruls

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*kʰrolʔ, *ɡrolʔ): semantic 足(“foot”) + phonetic 危(OC*ŋrol). However, the phonetic component shows (perhaps by chance) a person kneeling on the ground.

Etymology

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Perhaps connected withProto-Vietic*t-kuːlʔ (>Vietnamesegối(“knee”)) (Schuessler, 2007). For the semantic relationship, compareEnglishkneel. Also compareProto-Sino-Tibetan*koj(“bend; curved; lap; bosom”), whenceBurmeseခွေ(hkwe,“to coil; hoop”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

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Mandarin
(Pinyin):guì (gui⁴)
(Zhuyin):ㄍㄨㄟˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):gwai⁶
(Taishan,Wiktionary):gei⁵
Gan(Wiktionary):kui³
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):khúi
(Hailu,HRS):kui^ˊ
(Meixian,Guangdong):kui³
Jin(Wiktionary):kui³
Northern Min(KCR):gṳ̄
Eastern Min(BUC):gôi
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):gui⁵ / kue³
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):kǔi /kūi
(Teochew,Peng'im):guin⁶
Wu(Shanghai,Wugniu):⁶jiu;⁶gue
Xiang(Changsha,Wiktionary):kuei³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:guì
  - Zhuyin:ㄍㄨㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:guèi
  - Wade–Giles:kuei⁴
  - Yale:gwèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:guey
  - Palladius:гуй(guj)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:gwai⁶
  - Yale:gwaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin:gwai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization:guei⁶
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kʷɐi̯²²/
- (Taishanese,Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary:gei⁵
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kei³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary:kui³
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kʰui²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:khúi
  - Hakka Romanization System:kui^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:kui³
  - SinologicalIPA:/kʰu̯i³¹/
- (Hailu, incl.Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System:kui^ˊ
  - SinologicalIPA:/kʰui²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong:kui³
  - SinologicalIPA:/kʰuɪ³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary:kui³
  - SinologicalIPA (old-style):/kʰuei⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized:gṳ̄
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ky⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:gôi
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kui²⁴²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian,Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:gui⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:gūi
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kui²¹/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:kue³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:kôi
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kʰuei⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:kue³
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kʰuei³³²/

Note:

gui5 - literary;
kue3 - vernacular.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Quanzhou,Philippines,Longyan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:kǔi
  - Tâi-lô:kuǐ
  - IPA (Philippines):/kui³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou):/kui²²/
  - IPA (Longyan):/kui⁵³/
- (Hokkien:GeneralTaiwanese,Xiamen,Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:kūi
  - Tâi-lô:kuī
  - Phofsit Daibuun:kui
  - IPA (Taipei,Kaohsiung):/kui³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen,Zhangzhou):/kui²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im:guin⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:kŭiⁿ
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kũĩ³⁵/
Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai)
  - Wugniu:⁶jiu;⁶gue
  - MiniDict:jiu^去; gue^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):³jjy;³gue
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/d͡ʑy²³/,/ɡue²³/

Note:

3jjy - colloquial;
3gue - literary.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary:kuei³
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kʰu̯e̞i̯⁴¹/

Middle Chinese:khjweX, gjweX

Rime
Character	跪	跪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	支 (14)	支 (14)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	去委切	渠委切
Baxter	khjweX	gjweX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠiuᴇ^X/	/ɡˠiuᴇ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰʷᵚiɛ^X/	/ɡʷᵚiɛ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiuɛ^X/	/ɡiuɛ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰjwiə̆^X/	/gjwiə̆^X/
Li Rong	/kʰjue^X/	/ɡjue^X/
Wang Li	/kʰǐwe^X/	/ɡǐwe^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰwie̯^X/	/gwie̯^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kuǐ	guì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fai²	gwai⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*[g](r)ojʔ/
(Zhengzhang):/*kʰrolʔ/, /*ɡrolʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	跪
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guì
Middle Chinese	‹ gjwe^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[g](r)ojʔ/
English	kneel; foot
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	跪	跪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	12779	12780
Phonetic component	危	危
Rime group	歌	歌
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	跪	跪
Old Chinese	/*kʰrolʔ/	/*ɡrolʔ/