Stroke order

越 (Kangxi radical 156,走+5, 12 strokes,cangjie input土人戈女 (GOIV),four-corner4380₅,composition⿺走戉)

• 𠾲,𢵼,𣾼,樾,𭸩,𦅲,𧑅,𫌐,𨅿,𨬓,𪆧,𪒥,𬷲,𪽸

• Kangxi Dictionary:page 1216, character 28
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 37110
• Dae Jaweon: page 1686, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3480, character 2
• Unihan data for U+8D8A

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*ɢʷaːd, *ɢʷad): semantic 走(“to walk or run”) + phonetic 戉(OC*ɢʷad) — to go over; to cross.

“to go over; to surpass; to overstep; to turn”

FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*ɢʷrat(“to travel; to go through”).

Related to𨒋 (“to go over”),䟠 (“to go beyond; to transgress”) (Wang, 1982) and perhaps于 (OC*ɢʷa, “to go”) (Schuessler, 2007).

“modal particle”

Related to曰 (OC*ɢʷad),于 (OC*ɢʷa) and粵 (OC*ɢʷad) (Wang, 1982).

“Yue; Viet; State of Yue”

Related to粵 (OC*ɢʷad, “Yue; Cantonese”).

This is a general name for numerous indigenous tribes in ancient southern China, which are collectively calledBaiyue. The ancientState of Yue during theZhou dynasty of China was initially written as戉 (OC*ɢʷad, “large battle-axe”) — alternatively written as𫑛 — and it is commonly believed the nameYue originates from this instrument, which was widely found in neolithic cultures of southeastern China and served as a symbol of authority and royalty.

See戉 (OC*ɢʷad) for more on the etymology.

越

1. topass over; tocross; tocross over
2. togoover; toclimb over; tojump over

   翻山越嶺／翻山越岭  ― fānshānyuèlǐng  ―  to pass over mountains and ridges

3. (of time) topass; togo through
4. (figurative) to gooutside of; toexceed; tosurpass; tooverstep; totransgress

   超越  ― chāoyuè  ―  to surpass

   越界  ― yuèjiè  ―  to overstep a boundary

5. topropagate; tospread; topublicise
6. todisperse; toscatter; tofade away
7. tofall; torelax; to becomeloosened
8. (literary) torob; toseize byforce
9. (Southern Min) toturn; toturn around

   越頭／越头[Hokkien]  ― oa̍t-thâu[Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to turn one's head

10. more;-er

    越……越……  ― yuè......yuè......  ―  the more ..., the more ...

    越來越……／越来越……  ― yuèláiyuè......  ―  to become increasingly ...

11. Ancientmeaninglesssentence-initialmodalparticle.
12. A proper noun of a few related uses.
    1. (historical)short for越國 (“Yue”)
    2. Name forZhejiangProvince inChina,especiallyparts aroundShaoxing.
    3. (～人,～族) TheYue, theBaiyue, theViet(collectivename fornumerousancient non-Hantribes insouthernChina andnorthernVietnam)
    4. Name forsoutheasternChina nearVietnam,especiallyGuangxi andGuangdongProvinces.
    5. short for越南 (“Vietnam”)
13. asurname

• (more):

• → Vietnamese:vượt(“to pass over”)

越

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, music)smallhole at thebottom of ase, a traditional Chinesemusical instrument
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) tobore ahole; todrill a hole

• “越”, in漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1],香港中文大學 (theChinese University of Hong Kong),2014–
• “越”, in教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien),Ministry of Education, R.O.C.,2026.

(Jōyō kanji)

1. pass over

• Go-on:えち(echi)^{←ゑち(weti,historical)}、おち(ochi)^{←をち(woti,historical)}、がち(gachi)^{←ぐわち(gwati,historical)}
• Kan-on:えつ(etsu,Jōyō)^{←ゑつ(wetu,historical)}、かつ(katsu)^{←くわつ(kwatu,historical)}
• Kun:こえる(koeru,越える,Jōyō)^{←こえる(koeru,越える,historical)}、こす(kosu,越す,Jōyō)^{←こす(kosu,越す,historical)}

• 越境
• 越権
• 越度
• 越南
• 僭越
• 超越

FromMiddle Chinese越 (MC hjwot).

• IPA^(key): [e̞t͡sɨ]

越(えつ)• (etsu) ^{←ゑつ(wetu)?}

1. pass over;cross over;go over
2. pass;go through (of time)
3. exceed;surpass;transgress (limit, extent)

越(えつ)• (Etsu) ^{←ゑつ(Wetu)?}

1. (historical) theYue people to the south of ancient China
2. abbreviation of越南(Etsunan,“Vietnam”)

FromMiddle Chinese越 (MC hjwot).

• IPA^(key): [e̞t͡ɕi]

越(えち)• (echi) ^{←ゑち(weti)?}

1. synonym of越(etsu) above

• “^△越”, in漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese),The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation,2015–2026

FromMiddle Chinese越 (MC hjwot).

越 (eumhun넘을월(neomeul wol))

1. hanja form^? of월(“pass over”)

FromMiddle Chinese越 (MC hwat).

越 (eumhun부들자리활(budeuljari hwal))

1. (literary Chinese)hanja form^? of활(“smallhole at thebottom of ase, a traditional Chinesemusical instrument”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전／電子字典.[3]

越:Hán Việt readings:việt^[1][2][3]
越:Nôm readings:vượt^[1][2][3][4],việt^[1][2][5],vớt^[1][2],vẹt^[1][4],vát^[4][5],vịt^[1],vọt^[1],vợt^[1],nhông^[3],vác^[3],vót^[3],vệt^[3]

1. chữ Hán form ofViệt(“short forViệt Nam”)
2. chữ Nôm form ofvượt(“toexceed; tocross over”)

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