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質

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:貭and质
質U+8CEA,質
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CEA
←賩
[U+8CE9]		CJK Unified Ideographs賫 →
[U+8CEB]

Translingual

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Han character

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質 (Kangxi radical 154,貝+8, 15 strokes,cangjie input竹中月山金 (HLBUC),four-corner72806,composition⿱斦貝)

Derived characters

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Related characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary:page 1210, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36833
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1676, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3648, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+8CEA

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character質
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)
Small seal script
Characters in the samephonetic series (質)(Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
質*tids, *tjid
躓*tids
懫*tids, *tjid
礩*tjids, *tjid
櫍*tjid
劕*tjid
鑕*tjid

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 斦 + 貝.Zhu Junsheng also interpret this as aphono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声), where he regards斦 as an original form of櫍 (OC*tjid).

Etymology 1

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trad.質
simp.质
alternative forms貭
筫
𫎘
𧸲

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • ziêh4 - Chaozhou;
  • zioh4 - Shantou.
  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation質
MandarinBeijing/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Harbin/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
Tianjin/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
Jinan/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
Qingdao/tʃz̩⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xi'an/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
Xining/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
Lanzhou/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
Ürümqi/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
Wuhan/t͡sz̩²¹³/
Chengdu/t͡sz̩³¹/
Guiyang/t͡sz̩²¹/
Kunming/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
Nanjing/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
Hefei/ʈ͡ʂəʔ⁵/
JinTaiyuan/t͡səʔ²/
Pingyao/ʈ͡ʂʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot/t͡səʔ⁴³/
WuShanghai/t͡səʔ⁵/
Suzhou/t͡səʔ⁵/
Hangzhou/t͡səʔ⁵/
Wenzhou/t͡sai²¹³/
HuiShexian/t͡ɕiʔ²¹/
Tunxi/t͡ɕi⁵/
XiangChangsha/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xiangtan/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
GanNanchang/t͡sɨʔ⁵/
HakkaMeixian/t͡sət̚¹/
Taoyuan/tʃït̚²²/
CantoneseGuangzhou/t͡sɐt̚⁵/
Nanning/t͡sɐt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong/t͡sɐt̚⁵/
MinXiamen (Hokkien)/t͡sit̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min)/t͡sɛiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min)/t͡si²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew)/t͡sioʔ²/
Haikou (Hainanese)/t͡sit̚⁵/
Rime
Character質
Reading #2/2
Initial (聲)章 (23)
Final (韻)質 (48)
Tone (調)Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie之日切
Baxtertsyit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/t͡ɕiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		/t͡ɕit̚/
Shao
Rongfen		/t͡ɕjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/cit̚/
Li
Rong		/t͡ɕiĕt̚/
Wang
Li		/t͡ɕĭĕt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren		/t͡ɕi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		zhi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		zat1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character質
Reading #2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		zhì
Middle
Chinese		‹ tsyit ›
Old
Chinese		/*t-lit/
Englishsubstance, solid part

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character質
Reading #2/2
No.17401
Phonetic
component		質
Rime
group		質
Rime
subdivision		1
Corresponding
MC rime		質
Old
Chinese		/*tjid/
Notes金文本從折聲

Definitions

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質

  1. matter;material;substance
  2. nature;intrinsicquality;essence
  3. quality
  4. (Cantonese, literary, or in compounds) toquery; toask about
  5. (literary, or in compounds)simple;plain
  6. alternative form of櫍 /𬃊(zhì)
Synonyms
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edit
  • (quality):
Dialectal synonyms of質量 (“quality (opposite of quantity數量)”)[map]
VarietyLocationWords
Classical Chinese質,品
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)品質,成色,質量
Northeastern MandarinBeijing質量,品質
Taiwan品質
Singapore品質
CantoneseHong Kong質素,品質
  • (to query):
edit
  • (simple):
edit

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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trad.質
simp.质
alternative forms貭
筫
𫎘
𧸲

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • chì - Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou;
  • chit - Taiwan, Xiamen, Quanzhou.
    Rime
    Character質
    Reading #1/2
    Initial (聲)知 (9)
    Final (韻)脂 (17)
    Tone (調)Departing (H)
    Openness (開合)Open
    Division (等)III
    Fanqie陟利切
    BaxtertrijH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang    		/ʈˠiɪH/
    Pan
    Wuyun    		/ʈᵚiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen    		/ȶiɪH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank    		/ʈjiH/
    Li
    Rong    		/ȶjiH/
    Wang
    Li    		/ȶiH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren    		/ȶiH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex    		zhì
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex    		zi3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character質
    Reading #1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)    		zhì
    Middle
    Chinese    		‹ trijH ›
    Old
    Chinese    		/*[t]<r>ip-s/
    Englishhostage; gift

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character質
    Reading #1/2
    No.17397
    Phonetic
    component    		質
    Rime
    group    		至
    Rime
    subdivision    		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime    		致
    Old
    Chinese    		/*tids/

    Definitions

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    質

    1. topawn
    2. collateral;security;object orperson given as apledge
      人質／人质  ― rénzhì  ―  hostage
    3. alternative form of贄 /贽(zhì,“gifts to superiors”)
    4. asurname,Zhi

    Compounds

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    Etymology 3

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    trad.質
    simp.质
    alternative forms枳

    Pronunciation

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    Definitions

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    質

    1. (Cantonese) tostuff; toshove
    Synonyms
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    Related terms
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    References

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    See also:
    質

    (Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. content
    2. characteristic
    3. natural appearance
    4. confirm
    5. mortgage
    6. (financial, archaic, rare)seven

    Readings

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    Alternative forms

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    Compounds

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    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    質
    しつ
    Grade: 5
    kan'on

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    質(しつ)• (shitsu) 

    1. quality

    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term
    質
    しち
    Grade: 5
    goon

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    質(しち)• (shichi) 

    1. pawn

    Etymology 3

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    Kanji in this term
    質
    たち
    Grade: 5
    kun'yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of質 – see the following entry.
    【たち】
    [noun]nature;kind;type;sort(of a person or an illness)
    (This term,質, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    References

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    1. ↑1.01.1NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998),NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese),Tokyo:NHK Publishing, Inc.,→ISBN
    2. ↑2.02.1Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997),新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN
    3. ↑3.03.1Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN

    Korean

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    Etymology 1

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    FromMiddle Chinese質 (MC tsyit).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation

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    Hanja

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    KoreanWikisource has texts containing thehanja:

    質 (eumhun바탕질(batang jil))

    1. hanja form? of질(“matter”)
    2. hanja form? of질(“nature;disposition”)
    3. hanja form? of질(“quality”)

    Compounds

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    Etymology 2

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    From acorrupted or unorthodox reading influenced byMiddle Chinese質 (MC tsyit). Theoriginal reading is지 (ji) based onMiddle Chinese質 (MC trijH, “hostage”).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation

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    Hanja

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    質 (eumhun볼모질(bolmo jil))

    1. hanja form? of질(“hostage”)

    Compounds

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    Etymology 3

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    Related toMiddle Chinese贄 (MC tsyijH).

    Hanja

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    質 (eumhun폐백(幣帛)지)

    1. alternative form of贄(“hanja form? of지(“gift”)”)

    References

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    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전／電子字典.[3]

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    質:Hán Nôm readings:chất,chát,chắc,chặt,chắt,chớt

    1. question,investigate
    2. mortgage
    3. manner,essence
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