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貧 (Kangxi radical 154,貝+4, 11 strokes,cangjie input金尸竹金 (CSHC),four-corner80806,composition⿱分貝)
| trad. | 貧 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 贫 | |
| Historical forms of the character貧 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan) | Liushutong (compiled inMing) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |  |  |
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 扮 | *prɯːns, *hmroːlʔ, *pɯn, *pɯnʔ |
| 盼 | *pʰrɯːns |
| 頒 | *praːn, *bɯn |
| 朌 | *praːn, *bɯn |
| 鳻 | *praːn, *bɯn |
| 份 | *prɯn, *bɯns |
| 汃 | *pʰreːd, *prɯn |
| 玢 | *prɯn |
| 邠 | *prɯn |
| 攽 | *prɯn |
| 砏 | *prɯn, *pʰrɯn, *pʰɯn |
| 貧 | *brɯn |
| 湓 | *pʰɯːns, *bɯːn, *pʰɯns |
| 盆 | *bɯːn |
| 葐 | *bɯːn, *bɯn, *bɯn |
| 坌 | *bɯːns, *bɯnʔ, *bɯns |
| 坋 | *bɯːns, *bɯnʔ, *bɯns |
| 分 | *pɯn, *bɯns |
| 吩 | *pɯn |
| 粉 | *pɯnʔ |
| 黺 | *pɯnʔ |
| 芬 | *pʰɯn |
| 紛 | *pʰɯn |
| 衯 | *pʰɯn |
| 棻 | *pʰɯn, *bɯn |
| 氛 | *pʰɯn, *bɯn |
| 雰 | *pʰɯn |
| 忿 | *pʰɯnʔ, *pʰɯns, *bɯnʔ |
| 魵 | *pʰɯnʔ, *pʰɯns, *bɯn, *bɯnʔ |
| 汾 | *bɯn |
| 羒 | *bɯn |
| 枌 | *bɯn |
| 棼 | *bɯn |
| 妢 | *bɯn |
| 梤 | *bɯn |
| 馚 | *bɯn |
| 鼢 | *bɯn, *bɯnʔ |
| 蚡 | *bɯn, *bɯnʔ |
| 弅 | *bɯnʔ |
| 秎 | *bɯns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*brɯn): phonetic 分(OC*pɯn, *bɯns) + semantic 貝(“money”). Since the phonetic means "to divide", a possible mnemonic is "to divide one's money".
FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*d-b(u/i)l(“poor”); cognate withTibetanདབུལ(dbul,“poor”) (STEDT;Schuessler, 2007;Hill, 2014).
| Variety | Location | 貧 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /pʰin³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /pʰin²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /pʰin⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /pʰiẽ⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /pʰiə̃⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /pʰin⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /pʰiẽ²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /pʰiə̃²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /pʰiŋ⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /pʰĩn⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /pʰiŋ⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /pʰin²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /pʰin³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /pʰin²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /pʰĩ³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /pʰin²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /pʰin⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /pʰiəŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /pʰiŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /pʰĩŋ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /biŋ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /bin¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /bin²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /beŋ³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /pʰiʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /pʰin⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /pin¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /bin¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /pʰin⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /pʰin¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /pʰin¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /pʰɐn²¹/ |
| Nanning | /pʰɐn²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /pʰɐn²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /pin³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /piŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /peiŋ²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /pʰiŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /fin³¹/ /kiaŋ³¹/訓窮 |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 貧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (44) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 符巾切 |
| Baxter | bin |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bˠiɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bᵚin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bien/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bjin/ |
| Li Rong | /bjĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /bǐĕn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | pín |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pan4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 貧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | pín |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bin › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b]rə[n]/ |
| English | poor |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 貧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3140 |
| Phonetic component | 分 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 貧 |
| Old Chinese | /*brɯn/ |
貧
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 貧,窮 | |
| Formal(Written Standard Chinese) | 窮,貧窮,窮困,貧困,赤貧,貧乏,貧苦,貧寒,苦寒 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 窮,貧窮 |
| Singapore | 窮,貧窮,窮苦 | |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai(Muping) | 窮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 窮 |
| Wanrong | 窮 | |
| Xi'an | 窮 | |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 窮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 苦寒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 窮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 窮 |
| Hong Kong | 窮 | |
| Taishan | 窮 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 窮 |
| Pingxiang | 窮 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 窮 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 窮 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 窮無 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 窮 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 宋凶,㾪赤,窮㾪,窮赤,赤窮,赤 |
| Quanzhou | 宋凶,窮赤,赤窮,赤 | |
| Hui'an | 窮赤 | |
| Zhangzhou | 宋凶,散,散赤,赤,䆀空,無空 | |
| Tainan | 散,散赤,散食,散凶,窮赤,窮散,窮苦 | |
| Manila(Hokkien) | 窮,無錢,宋凶 | |
| Raoping | 磽 | |
| Shantou | 窮,磽 | |
| Jieyang | 窮,磽 | |
| Leizhou | 窮,蒯 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 窮 |
| Suzhou | 窮 | |
| Danyang | 窮 | |
| Hangzhou | 窮 | |
| Jinhua | 倒灶 | |
The same word as頻／频 (pín, “frequent”) (Xu, 1990).
貧