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謝

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:谢

謝	U+8B1D,謝 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B1D

←謜
[U+8B1C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

謞 →
[U+8B1E]

Translingual

[edit]

Kangxi Dictionary:page 1176, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35827
Dae Jaweon: page 1640, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4005, character 21
Unihan data for U+8B1D

Chinese

[edit]

trad.		謝
simp.		谢

Glyph origin

[edit]

Characters in the samephonetic series (射)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
謝	*ljaːɡs
榭	*ljaːɡs
射	ɢljaːɡs, laːɡs, ɢljaːɡ, laːɡ
麝	ɢljaːɡs, ɢljaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*ljaːɡs): semantic 言(“word; speech”) + phonetic 射(OC*ɢljaːɡs, *laːɡs, *ɢljaːɡ, *laːɡ).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin):xiè (xie⁴)
(Zhuyin):ㄒㄧㄝˋ
(Chengdu,Sichuanese Pinyin):xie⁴
(Xi'an,Guanzhong Pinyin):xiē
(Nanjing,Nanjing Pinyin):siē
(Dungan,Cyrillic andWiktionary):ще (xi͡ə, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):ze⁶
(Dongguan,Jyutping++):zoe³
(Taishan,Wiktionary):die⁵
(Yangjiang,Jyutping++):ze⁶
Gan(Wiktionary):xia⁵
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):chhia
(Hailu,HRS):cia^˖
(Meixian,Guangdong):qia⁴
Jin(Wiktionary):xie³
Northern Min(KCR):siā / ciā
Eastern Min(BUC):siâ
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):sia⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):siā /sia /chiā
(Teochew,Peng'im):sia⁷ / zia⁷
(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin):xie⁷ / xia¹ / jia¹
Southern Pinghua(Nanning,Jyutping++):zi⁶
Wu(Wugniu)
- (Northern):⁶zhia /⁶zia /⁶jia /⁶ji /⁶ya
- (Jinhua):⁶ziaa
Xiang(Changsha,Wiktionary):sie⁴ / zia⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:xiè
  - Zhuyin:ㄒㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:siè
  - Wade–Giles:hsieh⁴
  - Yale:syè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:shieh
  - Palladius:се(se)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin:xie⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz:xie
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɕiɛ²¹³/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin:xiē
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɕiɛ⁵⁵/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin:siē
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered):sie⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/sie⁴⁴/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic andWiktionary:ще (xi͡ə, III)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɕiə⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:ze⁶
  - Yale:jeh
  - Cantonese Pinyin:dze⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization:zé⁶
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sɛː²²/
- (Dongguan,Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++:zoe³
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sø³²/
- (Taishanese,Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary:die⁵
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/tiɛ³²/
- (Yangjiang Yue,Jiangcheng)
  - Jyutping++:ze⁶
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡ʃɛ⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary:xia⁵
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɕia¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:chhia
  - Hakka Romanization System:qia
  - Hagfa Pinyim:qia⁴
  - SinologicalIPA:/t͡sʰi̯a⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl.Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System:cia^˖
  - SinologicalIPA:/t͡sʰia³³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong:qia⁴
  - SinologicalIPA:/t͡ɕʰia⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary:xie³
  - SinologicalIPA (old-style):/ɕie⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized:siā / ciā
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/sia⁵⁵/, /t͡sia⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:siâ
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/siɑ²⁴²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:sia⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:siā
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɬia¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:sia⁵
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɬia²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,Jinjiang,Nan'an,Hui'an,Yongchun,Zhangpu,Changtai,GeneralTaiwanese,Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:siā
  - Tâi-lô:siā
  - Phofsit Daibuun:sia
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou,Jinjiang):/sia⁴¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Nan'an):/sia³¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Zhangzhou,Yongchun,Changtai,Singapore):/sia²²/
  - SinologicalIPA (Hui'an):/sia²¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangpu,Taipei,Kaohsiung):/sia³³/
- (Hokkien:Longyan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:sia
  - Tâi-lô:sia
  - Phofsit Daibuun:siaf
  - SinologicalIPA (Longyan):/sia³³⁴/
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Zhangzhou,Zhangpu,Changtai,Kaohsiung,Tainan,Sanxia)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:chiā
  - Tâi-lô:tsiā
  - Phofsit Daibuun:cia
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Zhangzhou,Changtai):/t͡sia²²/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangpu,Kaohsiung,Tainan):/t͡sia³³/

Note:

Zhangzhou, southern Taiwan:
- siā - literary (all other senses);
- chiā - vernacular (surname).
Sanxia:
- siā - literary (all senses, including surname);
- chiā - vernacular (also used for surname).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im:sia⁷ / zia⁷
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:siā / tsiā
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/sia¹¹/, /t͡sia¹¹/

Note:

sia7 - literary (all other senses);
zia7 - vernacular (surname).

(Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin:xie⁷ / xia¹ / jia¹
- SinologicalIPA:/siɛ⁵⁵/, /sia³⁵/, /t͡sia³⁵/

Note:

xie7 - literary;
xia1 - vernacular;
jia1 - vernacular (surname).

Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua,Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++:zi⁶
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡si²²/
Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai,Chongming,Jiaxing,Haining,Shaoxing,Ningbo)
  - Wugniu:⁶zhia
  - MiniDict:zhia^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):³xxia
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/ʑia²³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Chongming):/ɕʑiɑ³¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Jiaxing):/ʑia¹¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Haining):/ʑia¹¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Shaoxing):/ʑia¹¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Ningbo):/ʑia¹¹³/
- (Northern:Jiading,Songjiang,Chuansha,Suzhou,Kunshan,Changzhou,Tongxiang)
  - Wugniu:⁶zia
  - MiniDict:zia^去
  - SinologicalIPA (Jiading):/zia¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Songjiang):/ziɑ¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Chuansha):/zia¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Suzhou):/ziɑ²³¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Kunshan):/zia²¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Changzhou):/zia²⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Tongxiang):/zia¹¹³/
- (Northern:Haining,Haiyan,Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu:⁶jia
  - MiniDict:jia^去
  - SinologicalIPA (Haining):/d͡ʑia¹¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Haiyan):/d͡ʑia²¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Hangzhou):/d͡ʑiɑ¹¹³/
- (Northern:Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu:⁶ji
  - MiniDict:ji^去
  - SinologicalIPA (Hangzhou):/d͡ʑi¹¹³/
- (Northern:Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu:⁶ya
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhoushan):/ɦia¹³/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu:⁶ziaa
  - SinologicalIPA (Jinhua):/zia¹⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary:sie⁴ / zia⁵
  - SinologicalIPA^(key) (old-style):/si̯e̞⁴⁵/, /t͡si̯a̠²¹/
  - SinologicalIPA^(key) (new-style):/ɕi̯e̞⁴⁵/, /t͡ɕi̯a̠²¹/

Note:

sie4 - literary;
zia5 - vernacular (surname).

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 謝
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕiɛ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ɕiɛ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ɕie⁵³/
	Jinan	/ɕiə²¹/
	Qingdao	/siə²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/siɛ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiɛ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/ɕi²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ɕie¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕiɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ɕie³⁵/
	Chengdu	/ɕie¹³/
	Guiyang	/ɕie²¹³/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/sie⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕi⁵³/ /se⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕie⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/ɕie̞³⁵/
	Hohhot	/ɕie⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ʑia²³/
	Suzhou	/ziɑ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/d͡ʑi¹³/
	Wenzhou	/zei²²/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰe²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sʰiɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/sie⁵⁵/ /t͡sia¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/d͡ziɒ²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕiɑ²¹/ /t͡ɕʰiɑ²¹/地名
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰia⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰiɑ⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sɛ²²/
	Nanning	/t͡sɛ²²/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sɛ²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/sia²²/ /t͡sia²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/siɑ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sia⁴⁴/名 /sia⁴⁴/動
	Shantou (Teochew)	/sia³¹/ /t͡sia³¹/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/tia³³/ /tiak̚³/俗

Middle Chinese:zjaeH

Rime
Character	謝
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	邪 (17)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	辝夜切
Baxter	zjaeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/zia^H/
Pan Wuyun	/zia^H/
Shao Rongfen	/zia^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/zia^H/
Li Rong	/zia^H/
Wang Li	/zĭa^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/zi̯a^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ze⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*sə-lAk-s/
(Zhengzhang):/*ljaːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	謝
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiè
Middle Chinese	‹ zjae^H ›
Old Chinese	/*sə-lAk-s/
English	decline, renounce
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	謝
Reading #	1/1
No.	11221
Phonetic component	射
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	謝
Old Chinese	/*ljaːɡs/

Definitions

[edit]

謝

toexcuse oneself; to make anapology; toapologise
謝罪／谢罪 ― xièzuì ― to apologize
- 其嗟也可去，其謝也可食。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
  其嗟也可去，其谢也可食。[Classical Chinese,simp.]
  From: TheBook of Rites,c. 4^th – 2^nd centuryBCE, translated based onJames Legge's version
  Qí jiē yě kě qù, qíxiè yě kě shí.[Pinyin]
  When the other expressed his pity as he did, the man might have gone away. When heapologised, the man might have taken the food
todecline; torenounce; torefuse
謝絕／谢绝 ― xièjué ― to decline
閉門謝客／闭门谢客 ― bìménxièkè ― to close one’s door to visitors
tomodestly decline
toresign; tostand down
totake leave; toleave; tosay goodbye
謝世／谢世 ― xièshì ― to pass away (literally, “to leave the world”)
totell; towarn
- 多謝後世人，戒之慎勿忘。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
  多谢后世人，戒之慎勿忘。[Classical Chinese,simp.]
  From:孔雀東南飛
  Duōxiè hòushì rén, jiè zhī shèn wù wàng.[Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
tosend one'sregards to
tothank; toexpress gratitude to
感謝／感谢 ― gǎnxiè ― to thank
謝天謝地／谢天谢地 ― xiètiānxièdì ― thank goodness (literally, “to thank heaven and earth”)
thanks;thank you
謝謝！／谢谢！ ― Xièxie! ― Thank you!
多謝救命之恩。／多谢救命之恩。 ― Duōxiè jiùmìngzhī'ēn. ― Thank you for saving my life.
tothank with agift; torecompense
todecline; towane; towither
花謝了。／花谢了。 ― Huāxiè le. ― The flowers havewithered.
toavoid; toavert
topass away; todepart thislife
(historical)region ofancient China in present-dayHenan
asurname
謝長廷／谢长廷 ― Xiè Chángtíng ― FrankHsieh (ROC (Taiwan) Representative to Japan)
- 舊時王謝堂前燕，飛入尋常百姓家。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
  旧时王谢堂前燕，飞入寻常百姓家。[Classical Chinese,simp.]
  From:Tang Dynasty,Liu Yuxi,《烏衣巷》
  Jiùshí WángXiè táng qián yàn, fēi rù xúncháng bǎixìng jiā.[Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)