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諷刺

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:讽刺and風刺

Chinese

		satirize	thorn; sting; prick thorn; sting; prick; pierce; stab; thrust; assassinate; murder
trad.(諷刺)		諷	刺
simp.(讽刺)		讽	刺
alternative forms		風刺／风刺

Etymology

Attestable from at least the Northern and Southern dynasties (420–589). In modern Chinese, popularised as reborrowed fromJapanese諷刺(ふうし)(fūshi).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin):fěngcì,fèngcì
(Zhuyin):ㄈㄥˇ ㄘˋ, ㄈㄥˋ ㄘˋ
Cantonese(Jyutping):fung³ ci³ / fung² ci³
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):hóng-chhì /hong-chhì
(Teochew,Peng'im):hong³ ceng³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese,Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:fěngcì
  - Zhuyin:ㄈㄥˇ ㄘˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:fǒngcìh
  - Wade–Giles:fêng³-tzʻŭ⁴
  - Yale:fěng-tsz̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:feengtsyh
  - Palladius:фэнцы(fɛncy)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/fɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese,Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:fèngcì
  - Zhuyin:ㄈㄥˋ ㄘˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:fòngcìh
  - Wade–Giles:fêng⁴-tzʻŭ⁴
  - Yale:fèng-tsz̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:fenqtsyh
  - Palladius:фэнцы(fɛncy)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/fɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping:fung³ ci³ / fung² ci³
  - Yale:fung chi / fúng chi
  - Cantonese Pinyin:fung³ tsi³ / fung² tsi³
  - Guangdong Romanization:fung³ qi³ / fung² qi³
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/fʊŋ³³ t͡sʰiː³³/, /fʊŋ³⁵ t͡sʰiː³³/

Note: fung2 ci3 - variant.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Zhangzhou,variant inTaiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:hóng-chhì
  - Tâi-lô:hóng-tshì
  - Phofsit Daibuun:hofngchix
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Zhangzhou):/hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰi²¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/hɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰi²¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei):/hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰi¹¹/
- (Hokkien:Quanzhou,GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:hong-chhì
  - Tâi-lô:hong-tshì
  - Phofsit Daibuun:hongchix
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi²¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou):/hɔŋ³³ t͡sʰi⁴¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei):/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi¹¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im:hong³ ceng³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:hòng tshṳ̀ng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/hoŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰɯŋ²¹³/

Middle Chinese:pjuwngH tshjeH

Rime
Character	諷	刺
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	東 (2)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	方鳳切	七賜切
Baxter	pjuwngH	tshjeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨuŋ^H/	/t͡sʰiᴇ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/piuŋ^H/	/t͡sʰiɛ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/piuŋ^H/	/t͡sʰjɛ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puwŋ^H/	/t͡sʰiə̆^H/
Li Rong	/piuŋ^H/	/t͡sʰie^H/
Wang Li	/pĭuŋ^H/	/t͡sʰǐe^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pi̯uŋ^H/	/t͡sʰie̯^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fèng	cì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fung³	ci³

Verb

諷刺

(transitive) tosatirise; tomock; toridicule (usingindirect language)
(literary) toadvise in amild andindirect manner

Synonyms

Japanese

Kanji in this term
諷	刺
ふう Hyōgai	し Grade: S
goon	on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of諷刺 – see the following entry.

【風刺ふうし】

[noun]satire

[noun]irony;sarcasm

[verb] tosatirize

(This term,諷刺, is an alternative spelling(dated) of the above term.)

References

“^▲諷刺”, in漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese),The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation,2015–2025

Korean

Hanja in this term
諷	刺

Noun

諷刺• (pungja) (hangeul풍자)

hanja form^? of풍자(“satire;sarcasm”)

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