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說

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:説and说
說U+8AAA,說
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AAA
←誩
[U+8AA9]		CJK Unified Ideographs誫 →
[U+8AAB]
說U+F96F,說
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F96F
←葉
[U+F96E]		CJK Compatibility Ideographs殺 →
[U+F970]
說U+F9A1,說
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9A1
←裂
[U+F9A0]		CJK Compatibility Ideographs廉 →
[U+F9A2]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
Traditional說
Shinjitai説
Simplified说

Han character

[edit]

說 (Kangxi radical 149,言+7, 14 strokes,cangjie input卜口金口山 (YRCRU),four-corner08616,composition⿰訁兌)

Derived characters

[edit]

Related characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary:page 1164, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35556
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1629, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition):not present, would follow volume 6, page 3979, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+8AAA

Chinese

[edit]
trad.說/説
simp.说

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character說
Warring StatesShuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)
Chu slip and silk scriptSmall seal script
Characters in the samephonetic series (兌)(Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
毤*l̥ʰoːds
蛻*l'oːds, *l̥ʰoːds, *hljods, *lod, *lod
娧*l̥ʰoːds, *lod
駾*l̥ʰoːds
裞*l̥ʰoːds, *hljods
兌*l'oːds
綐*l'oːds
銳*l'oːds, *lods
帨*stʰods, *hljods
稅*hljods
說*hljods, *hljod, *lod
涚*hljods
䫄*rtʰoːd
脫*l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd
侻*l̥ʰoːd
挩*l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd
莌*l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd
梲*l̥ʰoːd, *ʔljod, *l̥ʰuːd
鮵*l'oːd
敓*l'oːd
痥*l'oːd
悅*lod, *lod
閱*lod

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*hljods, *hljod, *lod): semantic 言 + phonetic 兌(OC*l'oːds).

Etymology

[edit]

All of the pronunciations of this character are in the same word family apparently derived from a root*lo meaning “to loosen; to relax” (Schuessler, 2007); based on this, STEDT compares the word toProto-Sino-Tibetan*g/s-lwat(“free; release; slip; dislocate”), whence also脫 (OC*l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd, “to peel off, take off (clothes), escape, etc.”). However, STEDT also offers an alternative derivation from a provisionalProto-Sino-Tibetan*b-tsyat(“to speak, say”), comparingTibetanའཆད('chad,“to say, explain”), which is semantically more appealing; the association with the words associated with "release" may be a case of phonetic pigeonholing.

According to the "release" theory, Pronunciation 1 is derived by causative devoicing of悅 (OC*lod, “to relax; to be delighted”) (pronunciation 3).

Pronunciation 2 is probably theexoactive of pronunciation 1.

Pronunciation 1

[edit]
Note: шә - dialectal.
Note:
  • suei6 - vernacular;
  • soeh6/syoeh6 - literary.
Note:
  • seh/serh/soeh - vernacular;
  • soat - literary.
Note:
  • sue7 - vernacular;
  • xieg4 - literary.
Rime
Character說
Reading #3/3
Initial (聲)書 (26)
Final (韻)薛 (82)
Tone (調)Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)Closed
Division (等)III
Fanqie失爇切
Baxtersywet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/ɕiuᴇt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		/ɕʷiɛt̚/
Shao
Rongfen		/ɕjuæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/ɕwiat̚/
Li
Rong		/ɕiuɛt̚/
Wang
Li		/ɕĭuɛt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren		/ɕi̯wɛt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		shuo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		syut3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character說
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		shuō
Middle
Chinese		‹ sywet ›
Old
Chinese		/*l̥ot/
Englishspeak, explain

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character說
Reading #2/3
No.2571
Phonetic
component		兑
Rime
group		月
Rime
subdivision		3
Corresponding
MC rime		說
Old
Chinese		/*hljod/

Definitions

[edit]

說

  1. tosay; tospeak
    說漢語／说汉语  ― shuō Hànyǔ  ― speak Chinese
    說話／说话  ― shuōhuà  ―  tospeak
    這就是我所說的。[MSC,trad.]
    这就是我所说的。[MSC,simp.]
    Zhè jiù shì wǒ suǒshuō de.[Pinyin]
    That’s what I said.
  2. toexplain
    把話說清楚／把话说清楚  ― bǎ huàshuō qīngchǔ  ―  to make it clear
  3. torefer to
    是說你，不是說他。[MSC,trad.]
    是说你，不是说他。[MSC,simp.]
    Shìshuō nǐ, bùshìshuō tā.[Pinyin]
    I am talking about you, not them.
  4. todiscuss
    沒有好說的。／没有好说的。  ― Méiyǒu hǎoshuō de.  ―  There is nothing to say.
  5. tointroduce; tobring parties together
    說媒／说媒  ― shuōméi  ―  to act as a matchmaker
  6. tocriticize; toscold; toupbraid
    你怎麼天天都說我？[MSC,trad.]
    你怎么天天都说我？[MSC,simp.]
    Nǐ zěnme tiāntiān dōushuō wǒ?[Pinyin]
    Why do you constantlycriticize me?
  7. toperform
    說相聲／说相声  ― shuō xiàngshēng  ―  toperform cross-talk
  8. theory;explanation
    學說／学说  ― xuéshuō  ―  theory
    假說／假说  ― jiǎshuō  ―  hypothesis
Synonyms
[edit]
  • (to say):
Dialectal synonyms of說 (“to say, to speak”)[map]
VarietyLocationWords
Classical Chinese言,云,曰,道
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)說,道 literary
Northeastern MandarinBeijing說
Taiwan說,講
Malaysia說,講
Singapore說,講
Jilu MandarinTianjin說
Jinan說
Jiaoliao MandarinYantai(Muping)說
Qingdao說,講
Central Plains MandarinWanrong說
Xi'an說
Xining說
Sokuluk(Gansu Dungan)說
Lanyin MandarinYinchuan說
Ürümqi說
Southwestern MandarinChengdu說
Wuhan說
Guiyang說,講
Guilin講
Liuzhou講
Nanning(Wuming)講
Xiangtan(Jiangnan Industries Group koine)講
Pematangsiantar講
Jianghuai MandarinNanjing說,講
Yangzhou說
Hefei講
CantoneseGuangzhou講,話
Hong Kong講,話
Macau講,話
Zhongshan(Shiqi)講,話
Zhuhai(Doumen)講
Taishan話
Taishan(Guanghai)講
Dongguan講,話
Yunfu話
Yangjiang講,話
Nanning講
Nanning(Tanka)講
Yulin講
Hepu(Lianzhou)講
Hepu(Shatian)講
Qinzhou講
Qinzhou(Changtan)講
Qinzhou(Xiniujiao)講
Beihai講
Beihai(Nankang)講
Beihai(Yingpan)說
Beihai(Qiaogang - Cô Tô)講
Beihai(Qiaogang - Cát Bà)講
Fangchenggang(Fangcheng)講
Danzhou講
Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu)講,話
Penang(Guangfu)講,話
Singapore(Guangfu)講,話
Ho Chi Minh City(Guangfu)講
Móng Cái講
Mandalay(Taishan)講
GanNanchang話
Lichuan話
Pingxiang話,講
HakkaMeixian講,話
Wuhua(Meilin)講
Yudu話
Miaoli(N. Sixian)講
Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)講
Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)講
Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)講
Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)講
Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)講
Hong Kong講
Kuching(Hepo)講
Singapore(Dabu)講
HuizhouJixi講
JinTaiyuan說
Xinzhou說
Northern MinJian'ou話
Eastern MinFuzhou講
Fuqing講
Singapore(Fuqing)講
Southern MinXiamen講
Xiamen(Tong'an)講
Quanzhou說
Jinjiang說
Shishi說,講
Zhangzhou講
Zhao'an呾,講
Dongshan講
Taipei講
Kaohsiung講
Tainan講
Penang(Hokkien)講
Singapore(Hokkien)講
Manila(Hokkien)說,講
Chaozhou呾
Raoping呾
Shantou呾
Shantou(Chenghai)呾
Shantou(Chaoyang)呾
Nan'ao(Houzhai)呾
Nan'ao(Yun'ao)呾
Jieyang呾
Lufeng講
Haifeng講
Bangkok(Teochew)呾,講
Chiang Mai(Teochew)呾
Hat Yai(Teochew)呾
Phnom Penh(Teochew)呾
Ho Chi Minh City(Teochew)呾
Singapore(Teochew)呾
Pontianak(Teochew)呾
Leizhou講
Wenchang講
Haikou講
Qionghai講
Singapore(Hainanese)講
Puxian MinPutian講
Xianyou講
Zhongshan MinZhongshan(Longdu, Shaxi)講
Zhongshan(Sanxiang)講
Southern PinghuaNanning(Tingzi)講
Binyang講,說
WuShanghai講,話 dated
Shanghai(Songjiang)講,話
Shanghai(Jiading)講
Shanghai(Chongming)話
Suzhou講,說
Danyang講
Hangzhou說,話,講
Hangzhou(Yuhang)講,話
Shaoxing講,話
Ningbo講,話
Zhoushan講
Wenzhou講
Jinhua講
XiangChangsha講,說
Xiangtan講
Xiangxiang講
Xiangxiang(Meiqiao)講
Loudi講
Shuangfeng曰,講
Hengyang講
  • (to explain):
edit
  • (to refer):
edit
  • (to discuss):
edit
  • (to criticize):
edit
  • (theory):
edit

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic (說):

Pronunciation 2

[edit]
Rime
Character說
Reading #1/3
Initial (聲)書 (26)
Final (韻)祭 (36)
Tone (調)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)Closed
Division (等)III
Fanqie舒芮切
BaxtersywejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/ɕiuᴇiH/
Pan
Wuyun		/ɕʷiɛiH/
Shao
Rongfen		/ɕiuæiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/ɕwiajH/
Li
Rong		/ɕiuɛiH/
Wang
Li		/ɕĭwɛiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren		/ɕi̯wɛiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		shuì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		seoi3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character說
Reading #1/3
No.2552
Phonetic
component		兑
Rime
group		祭
Rime
subdivision		3
Corresponding
MC rime		稅
Old
Chinese		/*hljods/

Definitions

[edit]

說

  1. topersuade; tocanvass; tolobby
  2. (Quanzhou Hokkien) toswindle; todefraud; tocheat out of
Synonyms
[edit]
  • (to persuade):
edit

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic (說):

Pronunciation 3

[edit]
Rime
Character說
Reading #2/3
Initial (聲)以 (36)
Final (韻)薛 (82)
Tone (調)Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)Closed
Division (等)III
Fanqie弋雪切
Baxterywet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/jiuᴇt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		/jʷiɛt̚/
Shao
Rongfen		/juæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/jwiat̚/
Li
Rong		/iuɛt̚/
Wang
Li		/jĭuɛt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren		/i̯wɛt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		yuè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		jyut6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character說
Reading #3/3
No.2577
Phonetic
component		兑
Rime
group		月
Rime
subdivision		3
Corresponding
MC rime		悅
Old
Chinese		/*lod/

Definitions

[edit]

說

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese)alternative form of悅 /悦(yuè,“happy;delighted”)

Compounds

[edit]

Pronunciation 4

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

說

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese)alternative form of脫 /脱(“tofree; torelieve”)

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Shinjitai

説

Kyūjitai

說

Kanji

[edit]
See also:
說

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji,shinjitai form説)

  1. opinion
  2. theory
  3. explanation
  4. rumor

Readings

[edit]

Usage notes

[edit]

This character lacks essential JIS support and is not used in Japanese. The character説 (U+8AAC) is used instead.

Korean

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromMiddle Chinese說 (MC sywet).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448ᄉᆑᇙ〮 (Yale:syyélq)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3]니ᄅᆞᆯ (Yale:nilol)셜 (Yale:syel)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
KoreanWikisource has texts containing thehanja:

說 (eumhun말씀설(malsseum seol))

  1. hanja form? of설(“opinion,view;rumour”)[noun]
  2. hanja form? of설(“theory”)[suffix] (scientific fact, proven hypothesis)
  3. hanja form? of설(“toexplain; tospeak; totalk”)[affix]
Compounds
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

FromMiddle Chinese說 (MC sywejH).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448ᄉᆒᆼ〮 (Yale:syyéy)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576달앨 (Yale:talGayl)셰 (Yale:syey)

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (SK Standard/Seoul)IPA(key):[sʰe̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul:[세(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

[edit]

說 (eumhun달랠세(dallael se))

  1. hanja form? of세(“topersuade”)[affix]
Compounds
[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]

FromMiddle Chinese說 (MC ywet).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448ᄋᆑᇙ〮 (Yale:yyélq)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

說 (eumhun기쁠열(gippeul yeol))

  1. hanja form? of열(“used inpersonal names”)[1]
  2. (literary Chinese)alternative form of悅(“hanja form? of열(“to behappy”)”)

References

[edit]
  1. ^Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원,Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表,Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 29.[1]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전／電子字典.[4]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

說:Hán Nôm readings:thuyết

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text{{rfdef}}.
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