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訓

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:训

訓	U+8A13,訓 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A13

←訒
[U+8A12]

CJK Unified Ideographs

訔 →
[U+8A14]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Kangxi Dictionary:page 1148, character 6
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35238
Dae Jaweon: page 1614, character 18
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3942, character 2
Unihan data for U+8A13

Chinese

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trad.		訓
simp.		训

Glyph origin

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Characters in the samephonetic series (川)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
川	*kʰjon
釧	*kʰjons
巛	*kʰuːn
巡	*sɢljun
馴	*sɢljun
紃	sɢljun, ɢljun
甽	kljuns, kʷeːnʔ
順	*ɢljuns
訓	*qʰuns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*qʰuns): semantic 言(“speech”) + phonetic 川(OC*kʰjon). It conveys the meaning of "preaching a teaching."^[1]

References

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^Digital Shinjigen 2017

Etymology

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Perhaps fromProto-Sino-Tibetan*s-kul(“to instruct, explain, admonish”). CompareTibetanསྐུལ་བ(skul ba,“to exhort”).

Pronunciation

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Mandarin
(Pinyin):xùn (xun⁴)
(Zhuyin):ㄒㄩㄣˋ
Cantonese(Jyutping):fan³
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):hiun
(Hailu,HRS):hiun^ˇ
Eastern Min(BUC):hóng
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):hong⁴ / huong⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):hùn
(Teochew,Peng'im):hung³
Wu(Wugniu)
- (Northern):⁵shiun /⁵shin /⁵shion /⁵shioen
- (Jinhua):⁵shiun

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:xùn
  - Zhuyin:ㄒㄩㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:syùn
  - Wade–Giles:hsün⁴
  - Yale:syùn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:shiunn
  - Palladius:сюнь(sjunʹ)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɕyn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:fan³
  - Yale:fan
  - Cantonese Pinyin:fan³
  - Guangdong Romanization:fen³
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/fɐn³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:hiun
  - Hakka Romanization System:hiun
  - Hagfa Pinyim:hiun⁴
  - SinologicalIPA:/hi̯un⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl.Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System:hiun^ˇ
  - SinologicalIPA:/hiun¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:hóng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/houŋ²¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:hong⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:heo̍ng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/hɔŋ⁴²/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:huong⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/huoŋ⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,Jinjiang,GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:hùn
  - Tâi-lô:hùn
  - Phofsit Daibuun:huxn
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou,Jinjiang):/hun⁴¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Zhangzhou,Kaohsiung):/hun²¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei):/hun¹¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im:hung³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:hùng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/huŋ²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai,Songjiang,Chongming,Suzhou,Changzhou,Jiaxing,Hangzhou,Ningbo)
  - Wugniu:⁵shiun
  - MiniDict:shiuin^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):²xyn
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/ɕyn³⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Songjiang):/çyœ̃³⁵/
  - SinologicalIPA (Chongming):/ɕyn³³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Suzhou):/ɕyn⁵²³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Changzhou):/ɕyiŋ⁵²³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Jiaxing):/ɕyn³³⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Hangzhou):/ɕyn⁴⁵/
  - SinologicalIPA (Ningbo):/ɕyəŋ⁵⁵/
- (Northern:Jiading,Chongming)
  - Wugniu:⁵shin
  - MiniDict:shin^去
  - SinologicalIPA (Jiading):/ɕiŋ³⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Chongming):/ɕin³³/
- (Northern:Shanghai,Songjiang,Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu:⁵shion
  - MiniDict:shion^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):²xion
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/ɕioŋ³⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Songjiang):/çioŋ³⁵/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhoushan):/ɕyoŋ⁴⁴/
- (Northern:Shaoxing)
  - Wugniu:⁵shioen
  - MiniDict:shioeon^去
  - SinologicalIPA (Shaoxing):/ɕiø̃³³/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu:⁵shiun
  - SinologicalIPA (Jinhua):/ɕyəŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

Songjiang, Chongming:
- 5shion/5shin - vernacular;
- 5shiun - literary.

Middle Chinese:xjunH

Rime
Character	訓
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	文 (59)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許運切
Baxter	xjunH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨun^H/
Pan Wuyun	/hiun^H/
Shao Rongfen	/xiuən^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hun^H/
Li Rong	/xiuən^H/
Wang Li	/xĭuən^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xi̯uən^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xùn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fan³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*l̥u[n]-s/
(Zhengzhang):/*qʰuns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	訓
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xùn
Middle Chinese	‹ xjun^H ›
Old Chinese	/l̥u[n]-s/ (W dialect: l̥- > x- )
English	instruct
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	訓
Reading #	1/1
No.	1637
Phonetic component	川
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	訓
Old Chinese	/*qʰuns/

Definitions

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訓

toteach; toinstruct; tolecture
toexplain
to explain themeaning orsense of aword
toreprimand; toslam; torebuke; todenounce
(colloquial) toscold
totrain; todrill
teachings;explanation;exegesis
model;example
tosubmit to; toyield to; toobey
asurname,Xun
(linguistics) Tointerpret /read aChinese character or phrase by associating it with a (usually) non-Siniticnative morpheme or phrase with identical meaning. Applied in Sinitic dialects to Mandarin or Literary Chinese characters, and in the Sinosphere to Literary Chinese. For example, reading (訓／训) the character人 (“person”) asHokkienlâng(“person”),Korean사람(saram,“person”), orJapaneseひと(hito,“person”).
Coordinate term:音(yīn)

Synonyms

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(to teach):

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傳授 /传授(chuánshòu)
傳教 /传教(chuánjiāo)
指授(zhǐshòu)(literary)
教導 /教导(jiàodǎo)
教授(jiāoshòu)
教練 /教练(jiàoliàn)
教習 /教习(jiàoxí)(literary)
教育(jiàoyù)
教訓 /教训(jiàoxùn)
教誨 /教诲(jiàohuì)(formal)
教識 /教识(gaau³ sik¹)(Cantonese)
施教(shījiào)(literary)
訓誨 /训诲(xùnhuì)(literary, chiefly of superiors to subordinates, or old to young)
講授 /讲授(jiǎngshòu)

(to explain):

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交代(jiāodài)
介紹 /介绍(jièshào)(a situation)
分解(fēnjiě)
拆白(Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
拆破(Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
解說 /解说(jiěshuō)
解釋 /解释(jiěshì)
說 /说
說明 /说明(shuōmíng)
說解 /说解(shuōjiě)(literary)
講明 /讲明(jiǎngmíng)
講解 /讲解(jiǎngjiě)
開拆 /开拆(Hokkien)
開釋 /开释(kāishì)(literary)
闡明 /阐明(chǎnmíng)
闡發 /阐发(chǎnfā)
闡說 /阐说(chǎnshuō)
闡論 /阐论(chǎnlùn)(literary)
闡釋 /阐释(chǎnshì)
陳 /陈(chén)(literary, or in compounds)

(to reprimand):

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僝僽(chánzhòu)(literary)
叱呵(chìhē)
叱罵 /叱骂(chìmà)
叱責 /叱责(chìzé)
吆喝(colloquial)
呲(cī)
呲兒 /呲儿(cīr)
呵叱(hēchì)
呼喝(hūhè)(literary)
呲打(cīda)(Northeastern Mandarin)
呵斥(hēchì)
呵責 /呵责(hēzé)(literary)
喝叱
嗔怪(chēnguài)(literary)
嗔著 /嗔着(chēnzhe)(colloquial)
怒(nù)(Classical Chinese)
怪(guài)
怨怪(Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
怪罪(guàizuì)
批評 /批评(pīpíng)
指摘(zhǐzhāi)
指斥(zhǐchì)
指責 /指责(zhǐzé)
指點 /指点(zhǐdiǎn)
捋(Quanzhou Hokkien)
掛數 /挂数(Zhangzhou Hokkien)
摘(literary, or in compounds)
撻伐 /挞伐(tàfá)(literary, figurative)
數落 /数落(shǔluo)(informal)
數說 /数说(shǔshuō)
斥斥(Xiamen Hokkien)
斥罵 /斥骂(chìmà)
斥責 /斥责(chìzé)
歸咎 /归咎(guījiù)
歸罪 /归罪(guīzuì)
派
激勵 /激励(jīlì)(literary)
熊(xióng)(colloquial)
申斥(shēnchì)
痛罵 /痛骂(tòngmà)
聲討 /声讨(shēngtǎo)
訓斥 /训斥(xùnchì)
詬病 /诟病(gòubìng)(literary)
說 /说
說話 /说话(shuōhuà)
謗議 /谤议(bàngyì)(literary)
譴責 /谴责(qiǎnzé)
責備 /责备(zébèi)
責怪 /责怪(zéguài)
責罵 /责骂(zémà)
責難 /责难(zénàn)
貶斥 /贬斥(biǎnchì)(literary)
貶責 /贬责(biǎnzé)
賴 /赖(lài)
非議 /非议(fēiyì)
非難 /非难(fēinàn)
鞭笞(biānchī)(literary, figurative)
體斥 /体斥(Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)

(model):

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典型(diǎnxíng)
典範 /典范(diǎnfàn)
旗幟 /旗帜(qízhì)
書式 /书式(shūshì)(literary)
格式(géshì)
楷模(kǎimó)
榜樣 /榜样(bǎngyàng)
標兵 /标兵(biāobīng)(figurative)
樣板 /样板(yàngbǎn)
標竿 /标竿(biāogān)
模範 /模范(mófàn)
法式
程式(chéngshì)
範例 /范例(fànlì)
表樣 /表样(Taiwanese Hokkien)
表率(biǎoshuài)

(to train):培訓／培训 (péixùn),訓練／训练 (xùnliàn)
(to submit):

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依從 /依从(yīcóng)
就(jiù)(literary, or in compounds)
服
服從 /服从(fúcóng)
歸附 /归附(guīfù)
聽從 /听从(tīngcóng)
聽話 /听话(tīnghuà)
聽趁 /听趁(Taiwanese Hokkien)
賓服 /宾服(bīnfú)(literary)
隨 /随(suí)
順 /顺(shùn)
順從 /顺从(shùncóng)
順趁 /顺趁(Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)

Compounds

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References

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莆田市荔城区档案馆[Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “训”, in莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page272.