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花

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

花	U+82B1,花 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82B1

←芰
[U+82B0]

CJK Unified Ideographs

芲 →
[U+82B2]

花	U+2F993,花 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F993

←劳
[U+2F992]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

芳 →
[U+2F994]

Translingual

[edit]

Stroke order

Han character

[edit]

See images of花
(radical 140 + 4)

花 (Kangxi radical 140,艸+4, 8 strokesin traditional Chinese and Korean, 7 strokesin simplified Chinese and Japanese,cangjie input廿人心 (TOP),four-corner4421₄,composition⿱艹化)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]

Kangxi Dictionary:page 1020, character 21
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30734
Dae Jaweon: page 1478, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3181, character 7
Unihan data for U+82B1

Unihan data for U+2F993

Chinese

[edit]

trad.		花
simp.^#		花
alternative forms		華／华蘤／花芲𠌶

Wikipedia has articles on:

花(Chinese)
花(Cantonese)
花(Gan)
fâ(Hakka)
huă(Eastern Min)
hoe(Min Nan)
花(Wu)

Glyph origin

[edit]

Historical forms of the character花
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)	Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the samephonetic series (化)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
訛	*ŋʷaːl
吪	*ŋʷaːl
鈋	*ŋʷaːl
囮	lu, ŋʷaːl
魤	*ŋʷaːl
靴	*hʷa
貨	*hŋʷaːls
花	*hʷraː
化	*hŋʷraːls
杹	*hŋʷraːls
匕	*pilʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*hʷraː): semantic 艹(“grass; plant”) + phonetic 化(OC*hŋʷraːls). Originally𠌶 or華 before theHan dynasty.

Etymology

[edit]

Unclear.

Possibly ofSino-Tibetan origin.Schuessler (2007) derives it fromProto-Sino-Tibetan*baːr(“bloom, flower”) and thus an example of possible *b ~ *w variation, with final-r moved to medial position. If so, cognate with葩 (MC phae); outsideSinitic, compareBurmeseပန်း(pan:),Lepchaᰓᰫᰲ(búr),Mizopáar, etc.Sagart (2021) also connects it to葩 (OC *pʰˤra), modifyingBaxter and Sagart's (2014) reconstruction to*Cə-pʰˤra and proposing the sound changes *Cə-pʰ- > *Cə-ɸ- > *ɸ- >xw-.

Sagart & Baxter (2024) reconstruct荂 (OC *pʰra) ~葩 (OC *pʰˤra) and荂 (OC *X.pʰra) ~花 (OC *X.pʰˤra) (with unknown prefix*X turning labial stops intoMiddle Chinese fricative initials in荂 (MC xju) ~花 (MC xwae)). Further, they propose cognacy toProto-Karen*phɔᴬ(“flower”) and reconstructProto-Sino-Tibetan*p(h)a(“idem”). Outside Sino-Tibetan, they propose cognacy toProto-Austronesian*pahpah(“flower, petal; leaf”).

Alternatively, fromAustroasiatic; compareProto-Austroasiatic*bka(ː)ʔ(“flower”) (Schuessler, 2007).

華 (OC*ɡʷraː, “to flower”) is a derivative.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin):huā (hua¹)
(Zhuyin):ㄏㄨㄚ
(Chengdu,Sichuanese Pinyin):hua¹
(Xi'an,Guanzhong Pinyin):huǎ
(Nanjing,Nanjing Pinyin):huà
(Dungan,Cyrillic andWiktionary):хуа (hua, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):faa¹
(Dongguan,Jyutping++):faa¹
(Taishan,Wiktionary):fa¹ / fa^1*
(Yangjiang,Jyutping++):faa¹
Gan(Wiktionary):fa¹
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):fâ
(Hailu,HRS):fa^ˋ
(Meixian,Guangdong):fa¹
(Changting, Changting Pinyin):fa¹
Jin(Wiktionary):hua¹
Northern Min(KCR):huá
Eastern Min(BUC):huă
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):hua¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):hoe /hoa
(Teochew,Peng'im):huê¹ / hua¹
(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin):hue¹ / hua¹
Southern Pinghua(Nanning,Jyutping++):waa¹
Wu(Wugniu)
- (Northern):¹ho /¹hua /¹fa /¹huo
- (Jinhua):¹hua
Xiang
(Changsha,Wiktionary):fa¹
(Loudi,Wiktionary):ho¹
(Hengyang,Wiktionary):fa¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:huā
  - Zhuyin:ㄏㄨㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:hua
  - Wade–Giles:hua¹
  - Yale:hwā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:hua
  - Palladius:хуа(xua)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/xu̯ä⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese,erhua-ed) (花兒 /花儿)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:huār
  - Zhuyin:ㄏㄨㄚㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:huar
  - Wade–Giles:hua¹-ʼrh
  - Yale:hwār
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:hual
  - Palladius:хуар(xuar)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin:hua¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz:xua
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/xua⁵⁵/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin:huǎ
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/xua²¹/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin:huà
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered):hua¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/xua³¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic andWiktionary:хуа (hua, I)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/xua²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:faa¹
  - Yale:fā
  - Cantonese Pinyin:faa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization:fa¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/faː⁵⁵/
- (Dongguan,Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++:faa¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/fa²¹³/
- (Taishanese,Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary:fa¹ / fa^1*
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/fa³³/, /fa³³⁻³³⁵/
- (Yangjiang Yue,Jiangcheng)
  - Jyutping++:faa¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/fa³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary:fa¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/fa⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:fâ
  - Hakka Romanization System:fa^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:fa¹
  - SinologicalIPA:/fa²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl.Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System:fa^ˋ
  - SinologicalIPA:/fa⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong:fa¹
  - SinologicalIPA:/fa⁴⁴/
- (Changting)
  - Changting Pinyin:fa¹
  - SinologicalIPA:/fa³³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary:hua¹
  - SinologicalIPA (old-style):/xua¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized:huá
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/xua⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:huă
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/hua⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:hua¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:hua
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/hua⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:hua¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/hua⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Jinjiang,Yongchun,Zhangpu,GeneralTaiwanese,Philippines,Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:hoe
  - Tâi-lô:hue
  - Phofsit Daibuun:hoef
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Yongchun,Taipei,Kaohsiung,Singapore):/hue⁴⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou,Jinjiang,Philippines):/hue³³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangpu):/huɛ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,Jinjiang,GeneralTaiwanese,Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:hoa
  - Tâi-lô:hua
  - Phofsit Daibuun:hoaf
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou,Jinjiang,Penang):/hua³³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Zhangzhou,Taipei,Kaohsiung):/hua⁴⁴/

Note:

Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taiwan:
- hoe - vernacular;
- hoa - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im:huê¹ / hua¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:hue / hua
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/hue³³/, /hua³³/

Note:

huê1 - vernacular;
hua1 - literary.

(Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin:hue¹ / hua¹
- SinologicalIPA:/huɛ³⁵/, /hua³⁵/

Note:

hue1 - vernacular;
hua1 - literary.

Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua,Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++:waa¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/βa⁵³/
Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai,Jiading,Songjiang,Chongming,Suzhou,Changzhou,Jiaxing)
  - Wugniu:¹ho
  - MiniDict:ho^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):¹ho
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/ho⁵³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Jiading):/ho⁵³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Songjiang):/ho⁵³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Chongming):/ho⁵⁵/
  - SinologicalIPA (Suzhou):/ho⁴⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Changzhou):/ho⁵⁵/
  - SinologicalIPA (Jiaxing):/ho⁵³/
- (Northern:Shanghai,Suzhou,Hangzhou,Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu:¹hua
  - MiniDict:hua^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):¹hua
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/hua⁵³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Suzhou):/huɑ⁴⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Hangzhou):/hua³³⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhoushan):/hua⁵³/
- (Northern:Songjiang)
  - Wugniu:¹fa
  - SinologicalIPA (Songjiang):/ɸɑ⁵³/
- (Northern:Shaoxing,Ningbo,Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu:¹huo
  - MiniDict:huo^平
  - SinologicalIPA (Shaoxing):/huo⁵²/
  - SinologicalIPA (Ningbo):/huo⁵²/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhoushan):/huo⁵³/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu:¹hua
  - SinologicalIPA (Jinhua):/huɑ³³⁴/

Note:

1ho/1huo - vernacular;
1hua/1fa - literary.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary:fa¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɸa̠³³/
- (Loudi)
  - Wiktionary:ho¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/xɔ⁴⁴/
- (Hengyang)
  - Wiktionary:fa¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/fä⁴⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese:xwae

Rime
Character	花
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	麻 (99)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	呼瓜切
Baxter	xwae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hˠua/
Pan Wuyun	/hʷᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/xua/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hwaɨ/
Li Rong	/xua/
Wang Li	/xwa/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xwa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huā
Expected Cantonese Reflex	faa¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*qʷʰˤra/
(Zhengzhang):/*hʷraː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	花
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huā
Middle Chinese	‹ xwæ ›
Old Chinese	/*qʷʰˁra/
English	flower (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	花
Reading #	1/1
No.	5326
Phonetic component	化
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	華
Old Chinese	/*hʷraː/
Notes	俗與華通用

Definitions

[edit]

花

flower;blossom(Classifier:朵mc; 支mc; 蕊hmn; 束mc; 把m; 盆mc; 簇m; 紮／扎c)
太陽花／太阳花 ― tàiyánghuā ― sunflower
開花／开花 ― kāihuā ― to blossom
florid;flowery
花花綠綠／花花绿绿 ― huāhualǜlǜ ― colorful
pattern;design
花紋／花纹 ― huāwén ― decorative pattern
blurred
眼花 ― yǎnhuā ― to have blurred vision
fireworks
煙花／烟花 ― yānhuā ― fireworks
essence;cream
wound;wounded
- 1998,Chiung Yao,還珠格格, episode13,赵薇 (actor):
  本來呀，我可以狠狠的教訓他一頓，當著所有的太監和宮女面前，打得他臉蛋開花！[MSC,trad.]
  本来呀，我可以狠狠的教训他一顿，当着所有的太监和宫女面前，打得他脸蛋开花！[MSC,simp.]
  Běnlái ya, wǒ kěyǐ hěnhēn de jiàoxùn tā yī dùn, dāng zhe suǒyǒu de tàijiān hé gōngnǚ miànqián, dǎ de tā liǎndàn kāihuā![Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2001,Chiung Yao,情深深雨濛濛, 49 episodes edition, episode 2,蘇有朋 (actor):
  你沒有對人家怎麼樣？你看那姑娘臉都花了！[MSC,trad.]
  你没有对人家怎么样？你看那姑娘脸都花了！[MSC,simp.]
  Nǐ méiyǒu duì rénjiā zěnmeyàng? Nǐ kàn nà gūniang liǎn dōuhuā lei![Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2004,臧希, 臧里, “英雄气概（下）” (11:03 from the start), in家有儿女, season 1, episode34,马书良 (actor):
  一进门啊，我先 □他个满脸花。让他服软。[Beijing Mandarin,simp.]
  一進門啊，我先 □他個滿臉花。讓他服軟。[Beijing Mandarin,trad.]
  Yī jìn ménr a, wǒ xiān cèi tā ge mǎn liǎnhuā. Ràng tā fúruǎnr.[Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
short for天花 (tiānhuā, “smallpox”)
種花／种花 ― zhònghuā ― to vaccinate against smallpox
courtesan;prostitute
tospend (money,time, etc.); tocost
這件衣服花了不到一百塊[MSC,trad.]
这件衣服花了不到一百块[MSC,simp.]
zhè jiàn yīfúhuā le bùdào yībǎi kuài[Pinyin]
This clothingcost less than 100yuan.
profligate
(slang)randy;lecherous
(slang) to behorny; towomanize
- 2007,钱乃荣 [Qian Nairong],上海话大词典 [Shànghǎihuà dàcídiǎn],上海辞书出版社, page52:
  儂又要去花儂個女朋友了是𠲎？[Shanghainese,trad.]
  侬又要去花侬个女朋友了是𠲎？[Shanghainese,simp.]
  ⁶non⁶yeu⁵iau⁵chi¹ho⁶non⁸gheq⁶gniu-ban-yeu⁰leq⁶zy-va[Wugniu]
  You're going toseduce your girlfriend again aren't you?
false
(Cantonese)scratched
佢著咗呢對鞋兩個月就已經花嗮喇。[Cantonese,trad.]
佢着咗呢对鞋两个月就已经花嗮喇。[Cantonese,simp.]
keoi⁵ zoek³ zo² ni¹ deoi³ haai⁴ loeng⁵ go³ jyut⁶ zau⁶ ji⁵ ging¹faa¹ saai³ laa³.[Jyutping]
He's worn the shoes for only two months and they're already all scratched up.
個底花嗮／个底花嗮[Cantonese] ― go³ dai²faa¹ saai³[Jyutping] ― to have a bad record
(Cantonese, of images, drawings, patterns, etc.)over-colorful;chaotic;messy
(Cantonese, mahjong)bonus tile(Classifier:隻／只c; 檯／台c)
(Cantonese, card games)flush
(Hong Kong)pip(insignia)(Classifier:粒c)
- 1991,Fight Back to School, spoken by Police Commissioner (Scissor Legs) (Barry Wong):
- 男人婆，同我叫嗮啲膊頭有花嘅即刻上嚟！[Cantonese,trad.]
  男人婆，同我叫嗮啲膊头有花嘅即刻上嚟！[Cantonese,simp.]
  naam⁴ jan⁴ po⁴, tung⁴ ngo⁵ giu³ saai³ di¹ bok³ tau⁴ jau⁵faa¹ ge³ zik¹ kaak¹ soeng⁵ lei⁴![Jyutping]
  Tomboy, call everyone who haspips on their shoulder to here!
(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) toextinguish; toput out(of fire)
(Quanzhou Hokkien) todisappear(of a scar)
(dialectal Mandarin, Northern Wu)clipping of棉花(“cotton”)
- 2016, “啥人家囡兒啥人家花 [Of whose family's this daughter, of whose family these blooms]”‎^[1] (SouthernWuxi folklore tune), performed by凤娥,金匱山房主人:
  張家裡囡兒末張家裡花　張家裡囡兒末登勒田中卸棉花[Northern Wu,trad.]
  张家里囡儿末张家里花　张家里囡儿末登勒田中卸棉花[Northern Wu,simp.]
  ¹tsan-ka₁-li₀⁶noe-gni₂-meq₈¹tsan-ka₁-li₀¹hu¹tsan-ka₁-li₀⁶noe-gni₂-meq₈¹ten-leq₈²die-tson₁⁵sia²mie-hu₁[Wugniu]
  Of the Chang family is this daughter; for the Chang family thiscotton blooms. It is a daughter of the Chang family, who unloads cotton here in these fields.
(Shanghainese) totease
- 2007,钱乃荣 [Qian Nairong],上海话大词典 [Shànghǎihuà dàcídiǎn],上海辞书出版社, page52:
  儂覅來花我了，我根本覅儂搿本書。[Shanghainese,trad.]
  侬覅来花我了，我根本覅侬搿本书。[Shanghainese,simp.]
  ⁶non⁶viau⁶le¹ho-ngu₆-leq₀⁶ngu¹ken-pen₅⁶viau⁶non⁸geq-pen₆¹sy[Wugniu]
  Stopteasing me, I didn't even want your book in the first place.
asurname,Hua

Synonyms

[edit]

(flower):

Dialectal synonyms of花朵 (“flower”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		花,華
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)		花朵,花
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	花兒
	Taiwan	花
	Ulanhot	花兒
	Tongliao	花兒
	Chifeng	花兒
	Hulunbuir(Hailar)	花兒
	Shenyang	花
	Singapore	花
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	花
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai(Muping)	花
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	花兒
	Wanrong	花兒
	Zhengzhou	花兒
	Xi'an	花
	Xining	花兒,花
	Xuzhou	花兒
	Sokuluk(Gansu Dungan)	花兒
	Masanchin(Shaanxi Dungan)	花
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	花
	Bayanhot	花兒
	Lanzhou	花兒,花
	Ürümqi	花
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	花
	Wuhan	花
	Guiyang	花
	Kunming	花
	Guilin	花
	Liuzhou	花
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	花
	Yangzhou	花
	Hefei	花
Cantonese	Guangzhou	花
	Hong Kong	花
	Hong Kong(San Tin; Weitou)	花
	Hong Kong(Kam Tin; Weitou)	花
	Hong Kong(Ting Kok)	花
	Hong Kong(Tung Ping Chau)	花
	Macau	花
	Guangzhou(Panyu)	花
	Guangzhou(Huashan, Huadu)	花
	Guangzhou(Conghua)	花
	Guangzhou(Zengcheng)	花
	Foshan	花
	Foshan(Shatou, Nanhai)	花
	Foshan(Shunde)	花
	Foshan(Sanshui)	花
	Foshan(Mingcheng, Gaoming)	花
	Zhongshan(Shiqi)	花
	Zhuhai(Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	花
	Zhuhai(Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	花
	Zhuhai(Doumen)	花
	Jiangmen(Baisha)	花
	Jiangmen(Xinhui)	花
	Taishan	花
	Kaiping(Chikan)	花
	Enping(Niujiang)	花
	Heshan(Yayao)	花
	Dongguan	花
	Shenzhen(Shajing, Bao'an)	花
	Shaoguan	花
	Yunfu	花
	Yangjiang	花
	Xinyi	花
	Lianjiang	花
	Nanning	花
	Wuzhou	花
	Yulin	花
	Hepu(Lianzhou)	花
	Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu)	花
	Singapore(Guangfu)	花
Gan	Nanchang	花
	Lichuan	花
	Pingxiang	花
Hakka	Meixian	花
	Huizhou(Huicheng; Bendihua)	花
	Dongguan(Qingxi)	花
	Shenzhen(Shatoujiao)	花
	Zhongshan(Nanlang Heshui)	花
	Guangzhou(Lütian, Conghua)	花
	Yudu	花
	Miaoli(N. Sixian)	花
	Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)	花
	Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)	花
	Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)	花
	Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)	花
	Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)	花
	Hong Kong	花
	Luchuan(Daqiao)	花
	Senai(Huiyang)	花
	Singkawang	花
Huizhou	Jixi	花
Jin	Taiyuan	花兒
	Pingyao	花
	Xinzhou	花兒
	Taibus(Baochang)	花兒
	Linhe	花
	Jining	花兒
	Hohhot	花兒
	Baotou	花兒
	Dongsheng	花兒
	Haibowan	花兒
Northern Min	Jian'ou	花
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	花
	Fuqing	花
	Matsu	花
Southern Min	Xiamen	花,花蕊
	Quanzhou	花,花蕊
	Zhangzhou	花,花蕊
	Taipei	花,花蕊
	Penang(Hokkien)	花
	Singapore(Hokkien)	花
	Manila(Hokkien)	花
	Pingnan(Shangdu)	花
	Chaozhou	花
	Johor Bahru(Teochew)	花
	Singapore(Teochew)	花
	Leizhou	花
	Haikou	花
Southern Pinghua	Nanning(Tingzi)	花,花朵
Northern Pinghua	Guilin(Dahe)	花
Shehua	Fu'an	花
	Fuding	花
	Luoyuan	花
	Sanming	花
	Shunchang	花
	Hua'an	花
	Guixi(Zhangping)	花
	Cangnan	花
	Jingning(Hexi)	花
	Lishui	花
	Longyou	花
	Chaozhou	花
	Fengshun	花
Wu	Shanghai	花
	Shanghai(Chongming)	花
	Suzhou	花
	Hangzhou	花
	Ningbo	花
	Wenzhou	花
	Jinhua	花
Xiang	Changsha	花
	Loudi	花
	Shuangfeng	花
	Quanzhou	花

(to spend time):(Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew)使;(Hokkien, Teochew)開／开
(cotton):

Dialectal synonyms of棉花 (“cotton”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)		棉花
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	棉花
	Taiwan	棉花
	Harbin	棉花
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	棉花
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai(Muping)	棉花
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	棉花,花
	Wanrong	棉花,棉
	Xi'an	棉花,花
	Xining	棉花
	Xuzhou	棉花
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	棉花
	Lanzhou	棉花
	Ürümqi	棉花
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	棉花
	Wuhan	棉花
	Liuzhou	棉花
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	棉花
	Yangzhou	棉花
	Hefei	棉花
Cantonese	Guangzhou	棉花
	Hong Kong	棉花,棉
	Yangjiang	棉花
Gan	Nanchang	棉花
	Lichuan	棉花
	Pingxiang	棉花
Hakka	Meixian	棉花
	Yudu	棉花
	Miaoli(N. Sixian)	棉仔
	Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)	棉仔
	Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)	棉花,棉仔
	Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)	棉
	Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)	棉仔
	Miaoli(Zhuolan; Raoping)	棉仔
	Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)	棉花
Huizhou	Jixi	棉花
Jin	Taiyuan	棉花
Jin	Xinzhou	棉花
Northern Min	Jian'ou	棉花
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	棉花,棉
Southern Min	Xiamen	棉花
	Quanzhou	棉花
	Zhangzhou	棉花
	Tainan	棉仔
	Chaozhou	棉花
	Leizhou	棉
	Haikou	棉花
Southern Pinghua	Nanning(Tingzi)	棉花
Wu	Shanghai	棉花,花
	Shanghai(Chongming)	棉花
	Suzhou	棉花
	Danyang	棉花
	Hangzhou	棉花
	Ningbo	棉花,花
	Wenzhou	棉花
	Jinhua	棉花
Xiang	Changsha	棉花
	Loudi	棉花
	Shuangfeng	棉花

Compounds

[edit]

串花
九花(jiǔhuā)
乾花 /干花
亂花 /乱花
五花(wǔhuā)
五花茶(wǔhuāchá)
六花
冬花(dōnghuā)
冰花(bīnghuā)
加花(jiāhuā)
印花(yìnhuā)
名花(mínghuā)
唐花(tánghuā)
喜花
國花 /国花(guóhuā)
團花 /团花
坐花廳 /坐花厅
堆花
壁花
壓花 /压花
夏花
多花
大花
大花筒
天花(tiānhuā)
女花
好花
宮花 /宫花
小五花
川蟬花 /川蝉花
市花(shìhuā)
帽花
心花(xīnhuā)
扎花
打花
押花
拗花
挑花
拮花
拱花
捧花(pěnghuā)
採花 /采花(cǎihuā)
掛花 /挂花(guàhuā)
探花(tànhuā)
插花(chāhuā)
揚花 /扬花(yánghuā)
提花
摘花
撲花 /扑花
撒花(sǎhuā)
攀枝花(pānzhīhuā)
放花
旗花
昏花(hūnhuā)
春花
曇花 /昙花(tánhuā)
杏花(xìnghuā)
松花(sōnghuā)
校花(xiàohuā)
桂花(guìhuā)
桃花(táohuā)
桃花山(Táohuāshān)
梅花(méihuā)
棉花
棣花(Dìhuā)
棉花糖(miánhuātáng)
楊花 /杨花(yánghuā)
榴花
槐花(huáihuā)
榜花
橙花
櫻花 /樱花(yīnghuā)
水翁花
水花(shuǐhuā)
油花(yóuhuā)
浮花
浪花(lànghuā)
淚花 /泪花(lèihuā)
渾花 /浑花
澆花 /浇花(jiāohuā)
火花(huǒhuā)
炙棉花
烙花(làohuā)
煙花 /烟花(yānhuā)
燙花 /烫花(tànghuā)
燈花 /灯花
燭花 /烛花
牙花(yá huā)
獻花 /献花(xiànhuā)
珠花
球花
璇花
生花(shēnghuā)
番紅花 /番红花(fānhónghuā)
當花 /当花
發花 /发花
白花(báihuā)
百花(bǎihuā)
皮花
盆花
眼花(yǎnhuā)
石花(shíhuā)
碎花
禮花 /礼花
秋花
種花 /种花(zhònghuā)
穎花 /颖花
空花
窗花(chuānghuā)
簪花
紅花 /红花(hónghuā)
紅花套 /红花套(Hónghuātào)
紫花(zǐhuā)
繡花 /绣花(xiùhuā)
羞花
群花(qúnhuā)
翎花
翠花鋪 /翠花铺(Cuìhuāpù)
背花
胸花
腦花 /脑花(nǎohuā)
腰花(yāohuā)
腿花
花不棱登(huābulēngdēng)
花不起
花乳
花事
花令
花俏(huāqiào)
花信(huāxìn)
花假
花兒 /花儿
花兒匠 /花儿匠
花兒樣子 /花儿样子
花兒洞子 /花儿洞子
花兒針 /花儿针
花冠(huāguān)
花冰
花判
花利
花劍 /花剑(huājiàn)
花功
花勝 /花胜
花匠(huājiàng)
花卉(huāhuì)
花叢 /花丛(huācóng)
花古(Huāgǔ)
花史
花名(huāmíng)
花名冊 /花名册(huāmíngcè)
花呢
花和尚(huāhéshàng)
花哄
花品
花哨(huāshào)
花器(huāqì)
花圃(huāpǔ)
花圈(huāquān)
花國 /花国
花園 /花园(huāyuán)
花團 /花团
花團錦簇 /花团锦簇(huātuánjǐncù)
花坪(Huāpíng)
花城(Huāchéng)
花報 /花报
花塢 /花坞
花壇 /花坛(huātán)
花多眼亂 /花多眼乱(huāduōyǎnluàn)
花大姐(huādàjiě)
花大著 /花大着
花天酒地(huātiānjiǔdì)
花好月圓 /花好月圆(huāhǎoyuèyuán)
花姑
花娘(huāniáng)
花子
花字
花季
花容
花容月貌(huāróngyuèmào)
花屋
花屋脊(Huāwūjǐ)
花崗岩 /花岗岩(huāgāngyán)
花嶼 /花屿(Huāyǔ)
花巧
花市(huāshì)
花布(huābù)
花帳 /花帐
花帽
花序(huāxù)
花廠 /花厂
花廳 /花厅
花式(huāshì)
花形
花彫 /花雕
花徑 /花径(huājìng)
花心(huāxīn)
花息
花戶 /花户
花房(huāfáng)
花打
花托(huātuō)
花把勢 /花把势
花招(huāzhāo)
花押(huāyā)
花拳
花拳繡腿 /花拳绣腿(huāquánxiùtuǐ)
花捐
花掉
花捲 /花卷(huājuǎn)
花描
花插
花教(Huājiào)
花旗(Huāqí)
花旦(huādàn)
花星
花會 /花会(huāhuì)
花朝
花期(huāqī)
花朝月夕
花木(huāmù)
花木蘭 /花木兰
花朵(huāduǒ)
花材
花束(huāshù)
花果(huāguǒ)
花枝(huāzhī)
花林寺(Huālínsì)
花枝招展(huāzhīzhāozhǎn)
花架(huājià)
花柄(huābǐng)
花柳(huāliǔ)
花柱
花根
花格
花梨
花梗(huāgěng)
花棒
花棵
花椒(huājiāo)
花楸
花椰菜(huāyēcài)
花槍 /花枪
花樣 /花样(huāyàng)
花樓 /花楼(Huālóu)
花機 /花机
花櫚 /花榈
花毽
花池子(huāchízi)
花活(huāhuó)
花海(huāhǎi)
花消
花湖(Huāhú)
花炮(huāpào)
花燈 /花灯(huādēng)
花燈戲 /花灯戏
花燭 /花烛(huāzhú)
花牆 /花墙
花片(huāpiàn)
花牌(huāpái)
花王(huāwáng)
花環 /花环(huāhuán)
花瓜
花瓣(huābàn)
花瓶(huāpíng)
花生(huāshēng)
花用
花田
花甲(huājiǎ)
花界
花畦
花痴(huāchī)
花白(huābái)
花盆(huāpén)
花盒
花盤 /花盘(huāpán)
花相
花眼(huāyǎn)
花破
花磚 /花砖(huāzhuān)
花神
花稍
花童
花筒
花箋 /花笺
花簇(huācù)
花籃 /花篮(huālán)
花粉(huāfěn)
花糊
花糕
花紅 /花红(huāhóng)
花約 /花约
花紅柳綠 /花红柳绿(huāhóngliǔlǜ)
花紋 /花纹(huāwén)
花紗布 /花纱布
花絮(huāxù)
花絲 /花丝(huāsī)
花縣 /花县(Huāxiàn)
花繡 /花绣
花罈 /花坛
花翎
花翠
花肥
花脣 /花唇
花腔(huāqiāng)
花腿
花臉 /花脸(huāliǎn)
花臣
花臺 /花台(huātái)
花舌(huāshé)
花船
花色(huāsè)
芫花(yuánhuā)
花芽(huāyá)
花花世界(huāhuāshìjiè)
花花公子(huāhuā gōngzǐ)
花花搭搭
花花綠綠 /花花绿绿
花花腸子 /花花肠子(huāhua chángzi)
花苗(huāmiáo)
花苞(huābāo)
花茶(huāchá)
花草(huācǎo)
花莖 /花茎(huājīng)
花菜(huācài)
花著 /花着(huāzhāo)
花萼(huā'è)
花葯 /花药(huāyào)
花蓮 /花莲(Huālián,“Hualien”)
花蕊(huāruǐ)
花蕩 /花荡
花蕾(huālěi)
花虻
花蚤
花蛤(huāgé)
花蛢
花蜜(huāmì)
花街(huājiē)
花街柳巷(huājiēliǔxiàng)
花衣
花衫
花被
花裀
花裡胡哨 /花里胡哨(huālihúshào)
花西(Huāxī)
花言巧語 /花言巧语(huāyánqiǎoyǔ)
花語 /花语(huāyǔ)
花貓 /花猫(huāmāo)
花費 /花费
花賊 /花贼
花賬 /花账
花車 /花车(huāchē)
花軸 /花轴(huāzhóu)
花轎 /花轿(huājiào)
花農 /花农(huānóng)
花道(huādào)
花邊 /花边(huābiān)
花郎
花部
花都(Huādū)
花酒(huājiǔ)
花釵 /花钗
花鈿 /花钿(huādiàn)
花銀 /花银
花銷 /花销(huāxiao)
花錢 /花钱(huāqián)
花鎗 /花枪
花鏟 /花铲
花鏡 /花镜(huājìng)
花門 /花门
花開堪折直須折 /花开堪折直须折(huā kāi kān zhé zhí xū zhé)
花院
花陰 /花阴(huāyīn)
花障
花雕(huādiāo)
花雞坡 /花鸡坡(Huājīpō)
花露(huālù)
花露水(huālùshuǐ)
花青
花面
花面狸
花面貓 /花面猫
花鞋
花項 /花项
花頭 /花头(huātou)
花飾 /花饰(huāshì)
花香(huāxiāng)
花香鳥語 /花香鸟语
花骨朵(huāgūduo)
花體 /花体(huātǐ)
花鬚 /花须
花鬨 /花哄
花魁(huākuí)
花魚湖 /花鱼湖(Huāyúhú)
花鯽 /花鲫
花鳥 /花鸟(huāniǎo)
花鹽 /花盐
花黃 /花黄
花點子 /花点子
花鼓(huāgǔ)
花鼓戲 /花鼓戏(huāgǔxì)
茉莉花(mòlìhuā)
茉莉花茶(mòlìhuā chá)
茶花(cháhuā)
荷花(héhuā)
荷花堰(Héhuāyàn)
菊花(júhuā)
著花(zhuóhuā)
菱花
菜花(càihuā)
菊花茶(júhuā chá)
萱花
葵花(kuíhuā)
落花(luòhuā)
萼花
蒔花 /莳花
蓼花(liǎohuā)
蔥花 /葱花(cōnghuā)
蓮花 /莲花(liánhuā)
蕘花 /荛花
藏紅花 /藏红花(zànghónghuā)
藕花(ǒuhuā)
蘆花 /芦花
蘭花 /兰花(lánhuā)
蘚花 /藓花
蠟花 /蜡花
蠶花 /蚕花
血花
補花 /补花(bǔhuā)
裸花
謊花 /谎花
豆花(dòuhuā)
豆蔻花
貪花 /贪花
貼花 /贴花
賣花 /卖花
賞花 /赏花(shǎnghuā)
蹄花
郵花 /邮花
酒花(jiǔhuā)
野花(yěhuā)
金銀花 /金银花(jīnyínhuā)
鉋花 /刨花
銀花 /银花
鏡花 /镜花
鏤花 /镂花
鐵花 /铁花
開花 /开花(kāihuā)
雄花(xiónghuā)
雌花(cíhuā)
雕花
雪花(xuěhuā)
零花(línghuā)
青花(qīnghuā)
風花雪月 /风花雪月(fēnghuāxuěyuè)
飛花 /飞花(fēihuā)
香花(xiānghuā)
馬刺花 /马刺花(mǎcìhuā)
鬧羊花 /闹羊花
魚花 /鱼花(yúhuā)
鮮花 /鲜花(xiānhuā)
鳥語花香 /鸟语花香(niǎoyǔhuāxiāng)
鶯花 /莺花
鹽花 /盐花
麻花(máhuā)
黃花 /黄花(huánghuā)
墨花