statesman; vassal; courtier statesman; vassal; courtier; minister; official | the people; nationality; citizen | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. andtrad. (臣民) | 臣 | 民 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 臣 | 民 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 植鄰切 | 彌鄰切 |
| Baxter | dzyin | mjin |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiɪn/ | /miɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑin/ | /min/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑjen/ | /mjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑin/ | /min/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiĕn/ | /miĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭĕn/ | /mĭĕn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯ĕn/ | /mi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chén | mín |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | san4 | man4 |
臣民
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 臣 | 民 |
| しん Grade: 4 | みん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi | |
In the context of Japan, this term was used in Meiji era to refer to the citizens of Japan, who were at that time considered subjects of the emperor.
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 臣 | 民 |
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 臣 | 民 |
臣民