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膚 (Kangxi radical 130,肉+11, 15 strokes,cangjie input卜心田月 (YPWB),four-corner21227,composition⿸虍胃)
| trad. | 膚 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 肤 | |
| alternative forms | 肤 𦢚 | |
| Historical forms of the character膚 |
|---|
| Western Zhou |
| Bronze inscriptions |
 |
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 唬 | *qʰraːs, *kʷraːɡ |
| 戲 | *qʰral, *qʰrals, *qʰaː |
| 巇 | *qʰra |
| 隵 | *qʰra |
| 嚱 | *qʰras |
| 盧 | *b·raː |
| 鑪 | *raː |
| 壚 | *raː |
| 籚 | *raː |
| 蘆 | *raː, *ra |
| 顱 | *b·raː |
| 髗 | *b·raː |
| 鱸 | *raː |
| 攎 | *raː |
| 櫨 | *raː |
| 轤 | *raː |
| 黸 | *raː |
| 獹 | *raː |
| 鸕 | *raː |
| 艫 | *raː |
| 纑 | *raː |
| 瀘 | *raː |
| 瓐 | *raː |
| 爐 | *raː |
| 嚧 | *raː |
| 矑 | *b·raː |
| 罏 | *raː |
| 蠦 | *raː |
| 虜 | *raːʔ |
| 擄 | *raːʔ |
| 艣 | *raːʔ |
| 鐪 | *raːʔ |
| 虖 | *qʰaː, *qʰʷa, *qʰaː, *qʰʷa |
| 虍 | *qʰaː |
| 雐 | *qʰʷlaː |
| 虎 | *qʰlaːʔ |
| 琥 | *qʰlaːʔ |
| 萀 | *qʰlaːʔ |
| 臚 | *b·ra |
| 廬 | *ra |
| 驢 | *b·ra |
| 藘 | *ra |
| 爈 | *ra, *ras |
| 櫖 | *ra, *ras |
| 儢 | *raʔ |
| 慮 | *ras |
| 勴 | *ras |
| 鑢 | *ras |
| 濾 | *ras |
| 攄 | *r̥ʰa |
| 處 | *kʰljaʔ, *kʰljas |
| 豦 | *kas, *ɡa |
| 據 | *kas |
| 鐻 | *kas, *ɡa, *ɡaʔ |
| 澽 | *kas, *ɡas |
| 虛 | *kʰa, *qʰa |
| 墟 | *kʰa |
| 懅 | *ɡa |
| 蘧 | *ɡa, *ɡʷa |
| 籧 | *ɡa |
| 醵 | *ɡa, *ɡas, *ɡaɡ |
| 璩 | *ɡa |
| 虡 | *ɡaʔ |
| 遽 | *ɡas |
| 勮 | *ɡas |
| 噓 | *qʰa, *qʰas |
| 驉 | *qʰa |
| 歔 | *qʰa |
| 魖 | *qʰa |
| 膚 | *pla |
| 虧 | *kʰʷral |
| 噱 | *ɡaɡ |
| 臄 | *ɡaɡ |
| 劇 | *ɡaɡ |
| 諕 | *qʰʷraːɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): semantic 肉(“meat”) + abbreviated phonetic 盧(OC*b·raː).
FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*p(r/j)a(“skin”) (STEDT). This form likely represents the root while皮 (OC*bral) is its derivative with a voicing prefix, most likely PST *m-, found in several OC words for body parts like鼻 (OC *m-bi[t]-s, “nose”),肚 (OC *m-tˤaʔ, “belly”),右 (OC *[ɢ]ʷəʔ-s (~ *m-qʷəʔ), “right-hand”) and頭 (OC *[m-t]ˤo, “head”) (Baxter & Sagart, 2014).
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 膚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 甫無切 |
| Baxter | pju |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɨo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pio/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pio/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /pio/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pi̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fu1 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 膚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pju › |
| Old Chinese | /*pra/ |
| English | skin |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 膚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5275 |
| Phonetic component | 虍 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 跗 |
| Old Chinese | /*pla/ |
膚
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 膚 |
| はだ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of膚 – see the following entries. | ||
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| (This term,膚, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.) |
FromMiddle Chinese膚 (MC pju). Recorded asMiddle Korean부(pwu) (Yale:pwu) inHunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
