脫了(Northern Wu)
- Used to indicate the occurrence of an action that results in a loss, vanishment or a negative outcome.
- 腦子壞脫了／脑子坏脱了[Shanghainese] ― 6nau-tsy6wa-theq-leq[Wugniu] ― Brain's busted
太陽撥雲遮脫了。[Shanghainese,trad.]
太阳拨云遮脱了。[Shanghainese,simp.]- 5tha-yan7peq6yun1tso-theq-leq[Wugniu]
- The sun was hidden by the clouds.
- Used to indicate that the consumption or disposition of a certain number of objects has been completed.
- Used to indicate that the completion of a due task has been achieved.
The terms脫了,脫, and了 (and/or variations of which) all indicate theperfective aspect in a number ofNorthern Wu languages, though they do differ in use. The vocabulary and grammar used will be based on Shanghainese, though it can be appropriated to others.
- 脫／脱 most basically connotes the vanishing or, harm to, or disadvantage to something resulting from an action. Compare the following:
- From there, it was broadened to generally refer to the completedness, vanishing, or disposal of a thing or task, e.g.:
- As a modal particle,了 mostly appears at the end of a sentence, which is used to mark the occurrence or "happening" of an event. Compare the following two instances of dinner completion:
- Where it is not that the speaker is going to finish eating the dinner some other time. The completion of dinner has already happened and is true.
- Where the completion of dinner is not necessarily complete. It may be that watching the television is ought to be done afterwards, or that the speaker is announcing this as a routine.
- As an aspect particle,了 marks the action's completion. For example:
- Traditionally, this sense would use the term仔, though it is somewhat old-fashioned noawadays in Shanghainese.
- Most uses of脫了／脱了 is used like a merge between脫 and了 as a modal particle. It informs the speaker that the verb is completed but is new information.
- One important distinction between the two is that脫 can be used in moods whereby the action referred to by the verb has not yet taken place (such as inimperatives andsubjunctives), as opposed to了. For instance:
- is correct, whilst
- is not.
- 脫 can also be used in non-temporal contexts:
- With 脫 here the speaker establishes the current state of the phone "having been lost", without presenting this as a change of state as脫了 would.
- The speaker's positivity to the result can also be noticed. For instance:
