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From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:
U+7D05,紅
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D05

[U+7D04]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+7D06]

Translingual

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

(Kangxi radical 120,+3, 9 strokes,cangjie input女火一 (VFM),four-corner21910,composition)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary:page 916, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27243
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1343, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3363, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+7D05

Chinese

[edit]
trad.
simp.
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)
Small seal script
Characters in the samephonetic series ()(Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ
*kluːmʔ, *koːŋ
*kluːmʔ
*ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
*kroːŋ
*kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ
*kroːŋ
*kroːŋ
*kroːŋ
*kroːŋ
*kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
*kroːŋ
*kroːŋ, *koːŋ
*kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ
*kʰroːŋ
*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
*kʰroːŋ
*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ
*qʰroːŋ
*qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ
*qʰroːŋ
*ɡroːŋ
*ɡroːŋʔ
*ɡ·roːŋ
*koːŋ
*koːŋ
*koːŋ
*koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ
*koːŋ, *kuːŋ
*koːŋ
*koːŋ
*koːŋs
*koːŋs
*kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
*kʰoːŋ
*kʰoːŋ
*kʰoːŋ
*kʰoːŋ
*kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs
*kʰoːŋs
*qʰoːŋ
*qʰoːŋʔ
*ɡoːŋ
*ɡoːŋ
*ɡoːŋ
*ɡoːŋ
*ɡoːŋ
*ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ
*ɡoːŋʔ
*ɡoːŋʔ
*koŋʔ
*koŋʔ
*kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ
*kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs
*ɡoŋ
*ɡoŋ
*ɡoŋ
*ɡoŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*ɡoːŋ): semantic (silk) + phonetic (OC*koːŋ).

Etymology

[edit]

(OC*l'uːŋ, “red”) could be a variant of (OC*ɡoːŋ) (Schuessler, 2007). May be related to (OC*kroːŋs, *ɡoːŋ, “rainbow”).

Originally referred to lighter shades of red; gradually replaced (chì, “red”) as the basic color term for "red".

Pronunciation 1

[edit]

Note:
  • è̤ng - vernacular;
  • hùng - literary ("successful;
  • red bunting").
Note:
  • ang2 - vernacular;
  • horng2 - literary.
Note:
  • âng - vernacular;
  • hông - literary.
Note:
  • ang5 - vernacular;
  • hong5 - literary.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin:ang5 / hong5
      • SinologicalIPA:/aŋ²²/, /hɔŋ²²/
Note:
  • ang5 - vernacular;
  • hong5 - literary.

  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
MandarinBeijing/xuŋ³⁵/
Harbin/xuŋ²⁴/
Tianjin/xuŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan/xuŋ⁴²/
Qingdao/xəŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou/xuŋ⁴²/
Xi'an/xuŋ²⁴/
Xining/xuə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan/xuŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou/xũn⁵³/
Ürümqi/xuŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan/xoŋ²¹³/
Chengdu/xoŋ³¹/
Guiyang/xoŋ²¹/
Kunming/xoŋ³¹/
Nanjing/xoŋ²⁴/
Hefei/xəŋ⁵⁵/
JinTaiyuan/xuəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao/xuŋ¹³/
Hohhot/xũŋ³¹/
WuShanghai/ɦoŋ²³/
Suzhou/ɦoŋ¹³/
Hangzhou/ɦoŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou/ɦoŋ³¹/
HuiShexian/xuʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi/xan⁴⁴/
XiangChangsha/xoŋ¹³/
Xiangtan/ɦən¹²/
GanNanchang/fuŋ⁴⁵/
HakkaMeixian/fuŋ¹¹/
Taoyuan/fuŋ¹¹/
CantoneseGuangzhou/hoŋ²¹/
Nanning/huŋ²¹/
Hong Kong/huŋ²¹/
MinXiamen (Hokkien)/hɔŋ³⁵/
/aŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min)/øyŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min)/ɔŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew)/hoŋ⁵⁵/
/aŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese)/hɔŋ³¹/
/aŋ³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading #1/1
Initial () (33)
Final () (1)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division ()I
Fanqie
Baxterhuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦəwŋ/
Li
Rong
/ɣuŋ/
Wang
Li
/ɣuŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ɣuŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
hóng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hung4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
hóng
Middle
Chinese
‹ huwng ›
Old
Chinese
/*ɡˁoŋ/
Englishpink

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading #1/1
No.4055
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡoːŋ/

Definitions

[edit]

  1. red
      ― hóng  ―  red (color)
      ― hóngchá  ―  black tea (literally, “red tea”)
      ― hóngbāo  ―  red packet
    綠色盲绿色盲  ― hónglǜ sèmáng  ― red-green colour blindness
  2. (colloquial)popular;in vogue
      ― fānhóng  ―  to bepopular again
    邁克爾·傑克遜沒有以前那麼[MSC,trad.]
    迈克尔·杰克逊没有以前那么[MSC,simp.]
    Màikè'ěr Jiékèxùn méiyǒu yǐqián nàmehóng le.[Pinyin]
    Michael Jackson is not aspopular as he used to be.
  3. the red clothes andbunting used on festive occasions
      ― hóng  ―  to drape in red silk as a sign of honor or for festivity
  4. festiveoccasion;wedding
    白喜事白喜事  ― hóngbáixǐshì  ―  weddings and funerals
  5. (figurative)revolutionary; Communist; Red
      ― hóngjūn  ― Red army
    又專又专  ― yòuhóngyòuzhuān  ―  to have a procommunist mindset along with professional skill
  6. (business, finance)bonus;extradividend
      ― fēnhóng  ―  distribute or drawdividends
  7. (literary)flower
      ― cánhóng  ―  fallen petals
  8. (literary)beautifulwoman
  9. (literary)blood
      ― luòhóng  ―  to bleed as an indication of a broken virginity
  10. (euphemistic, Cantonese, Hakka)blood tofu
    [Cantonese]  ― zyu1hung4[Jyutping]  ―  pigblood tofu
    [Cantonese]  ― gai1hung4[Jyutping]  ―  chickenblood tofu
  11. asurname,Hong

Synonyms

[edit]
  • (red):
Dialectal synonyms of (“red”)[map]
VarietyLocationWords
Classical Chinese,,
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)
Northeastern MandarinBeijing
Taiwan
Chifeng
Hulunbuir(Hailar)
Harbin
Shenyang
Malaysia
Singapore
Jilu MandarinTianjin
Tangshan
Cangzhou
Baoding
Shijiazhuang
Jinan
Jiaoliao MandarinYantai(Muping)
Qingdao
Central Plains MandarinLuoyang
Wanrong
Zhengzhou
Xi'an
Xining
Xuzhou
Lanyin MandarinYinchuan
Lanzhou
Ürümqi
Southwestern MandarinChengdu
Chongqing
Wuhan
Guiyang
Kunming
Guilin
Liuzhou
Jianghuai MandarinNanjing
Yangzhou
Nantong
Hefei
CantoneseGuangzhou
Hong Kong
Hong Kong(San Tin; Weitou)
Hong Kong(Kam Tin; Weitou)
Hong Kong(Ting Kok)
Hong Kong(Tung Ping Chau)
Macau
Guangzhou(Panyu)
Guangzhou(Huashan, Huadu)
Guangzhou(Conghua)
Guangzhou(Zengcheng)
Foshan
Foshan(Shatou, Nanhai)
Foshan(Shunde)
Foshan(Sanshui)
Foshan(Mingcheng, Gaoming)
Zhongshan(Shiqi)
Zhuhai(Qianshan, Xiangzhou)
Zhuhai(Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)
Zhuhai(Doumen)
Jiangmen(Baisha)
Jiangmen(Xinhui)
Taishan
Kaiping(Chikan)
Enping(Niujiang)
Heshan(Yayao)
Dongguan
Shenzhen(Shajing, Bao'an)
Yangjiang
Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu)
Singapore(Guangfu)
GanNanchang
Lichuan
Pingxiang
HakkaMeixian
Huizhou(Huicheng; Bendihua)
Dongguan(Qingxi)
Shenzhen(Shatoujiao)
Zhongshan(Nanlang Heshui)
Wuhua(Huacheng)
Heyuan(Bendihua)
Wengyuan
Liannan
Guangzhou(Lütian, Conghua)
Jiexi
Zhao'an(Xiuzhuan)
Changting
Wuping(Yanqian)
Ninghua
Yudu
Ningdu
Tonggu(Sandu)
Ganzhou(Panlong)
Dayu
Miaoli(N. Sixian)
Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)
Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)
Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)
Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)
Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)
Hong Kong
Mengshan(Xihe)
Luchuan
Senai(Huiyang)
Kuching(Hepo)
HuizhouJixi
Shexian
JinTaiyuan
Xinzhou
Linhe
Jining
Hohhot
Zhangjiakou
Handan
Northern MinJian'ou
Eastern MinFuzhou
Southern MinXiamen
Xiamen(Tong'an)
Quanzhou
Yongchun
Zhangzhou
Zhao'an
Taipei(Wanhua)
Kaohsiung
Yilan
Changhua(Lukang)
Taichung
Taichung(Wuqi)
Tainan
Taitung
Hsinchu
Penghu(Magong)
Penang(Hokkien)
Singapore(Hokkien)
Manila(Hokkien)
Chaozhou
Shantou
Shantou(Chenghai)
Jieyang
Haifeng
Bangkok(Teochew)
Johor Bahru(Teochew)
Singapore(Teochew)
Leizhou
Wenchang
Haikou
Singapore(Hainanese)
Shaojiang MinShaowu
Zhongshan MinZhongshan(Longdu, Shaxi)
Southern PinghuaNanning(Tingzi)
ShehuaFu'an
Fuding
Luoyuan
Sanming
Shunchang
Hua'an
Guixi(Zhangping)
Cangnan
Jingning(Hexi)
Lishui
Longyou
Chaozhou
Fengshun
WuShanghai
Shanghai(Chongming)
Suzhou
Danyang
Hangzhou
Ningbo
Wenzhou
Jinhua
XiangChangsha
Loudi

Compounds

[edit]

Pronunciation 2

[edit]

Note:
  • kang - vernacular;
  • kong - literary.

Definitions

[edit]

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese)Substitute character for (gōng).
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese)Substitute character for (gōng).
      ― gōng  ―  the feminine arts (e.g. needlework, sewing, embroidery)
  3. Placename in theState of Lu during theSpring and Autumn Period in Chinese history, northeast of modernTai'an,Shandong.

Compounds

[edit]

Pronunciation 3

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese)Substitute character for (jiàng).

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
See also:

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 1

[edit]
(kurenai,beni,): hexadecimal color code #D71345
(kurenai,beni): thesafflower,Carthamus tinctorius
Kanji in this term
くれない
Grade: 6
kun'yomi

⟨kure no2 awi⟩/kurenawi//kurenai/

FromOld Japanese.

Shift from(くれ)(あい)(Kure no ai),[1][2] itself a compound of(くれ)(Kure,China) +(no,possessive particle) +(あい)(ai,indigodye)). Thesafflower, from which thecrimson dye was extracted, was brought to Japan from China.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(くれない) (kurenaiくれなゐ(kurenawi)?

  1. thecolorcrimson, avividred edging towardspink
    Synonyms:紅色(kurenai-iro, kōshoku, beni-iro),丹紅(tankō)
  2. thesafflower (Carthamus tinctorius), from which this color isextracted
    Synonyms:呉の藍(Kure no ai),紅花(kōka, benibana),末摘花(suetsumuhana)
    • 905,Kokin Wakashū (book 13, poem 661)
      (くれなゐ)(いろ)にはいでじ(かく)()(した)にかよひて(こひ)()ぬとも
      kurenai no iro ni wa ideji kakure nu no shita ni kayoite koi wa shinu to mo
      I shall not show it as asafflower flaunts its red―not though I perish of a love kept as secret as streams in a hidden marsh.[3]
  3. a伽羅(kyara)-classincense
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms
Proverbs
[edit]

Proper noun

[edit]

(くれない) (Kurenaiくれなゐ(Kurenawi)?

  1. a femalegiven name
  2. asurname

Etymology 2

[edit]
(beni):lipstick
(beni):rouge
Kanji in this term
べに
Grade: 6
kun'yomi

*/peni//beni/

First attested inThe Pillow Book, completed in 1002.

Shift from *heni, attested in theWamyō Ruijushō (938CE) with the original sense of "rouge".

Theni is definitely(ni,red earth,cinnabar), while the initialpe/be remains uncertain.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(べに) (beni

  1. thecolorcrimson, avividred edging towardspink
    Synonyms:紅色(kurenai-iro, kōshoku, beni-iro),丹紅(tankō)
  2. short for紅花(benibana) thesafflower (Carthamus tinctorius), from which this color isextracted
  3. the crimsonpigmentextracted from safflowerpetals, used incosmetics and as afood coloring
    Synonym:臙脂(enji)
  4. rouge(redcosmetic traditionally made from safflowers)
    Synonym:頬紅(hōbeni)
  5. lipstick,lip liner(also traditionally made from safflowers)
    Synonym:口紅(kuchibeni)
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms
Idioms
[edit]

Proper noun

[edit]

(べに) (Beni

  1. a femalegiven name
  2. asurname

Etymology 3

[edit]
(aka): hexadecimal color code #FF0000
Kanji in this term
あか
Grade: 6
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling for(aka,red).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(あか) (aka

  1. alternative spelling of(aka,red)
Usage notes
[edit]

The spelling foraka carries connotations of adeeper red orcrimson color.

Proper noun

[edit]

(あか) (Aka

  1. a femalegiven name

Etymology 4

[edit]
(momi): A princess doll showing themomikimonoliner.
Kanji in this term
もみ
Grade: 6
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
紅絹

From揉み(momi,kneading,stem form of verbmomu), by extension from the kneading of cloth during thedyeing process.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(もみ) (momi

  1. silkclothdyed an evenshade of one color, often a deepgold dyed again withcrimson, traditionally used as akimonoliner
    Synonym:本紅(hon-momi)
Derived terms
[edit]

Proper noun

[edit]

(もみ) (Momi

  1. a femalegiven name

Etymology 5

[edit]
(): hexadecimal color code #D71345
Kanji in this term
こう
Grade: 6
kan'on

FromMiddle Chinese (MC huwng).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(こう) (

  1. thecolorcrimson, avividred edging towardspink
    Synonym:紅色(kurenai-iro, kōshoku, beni-iro)
Idioms
[edit]
Derived terms
[edit]

Affix

[edit]

(こう) (

  1. crimson
  2. safflower
  3. female
  4. Substitute character for:workdone bywomen

Proper noun

[edit]

(こう) (

  1. a femalegiven name

References

[edit]
  1. ^Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995),大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition,Tokyo:Shogakukan,→ISBN
  2. 2.02.12.22.32.42.5Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN
  3. ^Helen Craig McCullough (1985),Brocade by Night:Kokin Wakashū and the Court Style in Japanese Classical Poetry, Stanford University Press,→ISBN, page264

Korean

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

(eumhun붉을(bulgeul hong))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text{{rfdef}}.

Etymology 2

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

(eumhun상복(sangbok gong))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text{{rfdef}}.

Old Japanese

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Shift from呉の藍(Kure no2 awi),[1][2] itself a compound of(Kure,China) +‎(no2,possessive particle) +‎(awi,indigodye).

Noun

[edit]

(kurenawi) (kanaくれなゐ)

  1. asafflower,Carthamus tinctorius
    • , texthere
      春苑尓保布桃花下照道尓出立𡢳嬬
      paru no2 so2no2kurenawi nipopu momo no2 pana sitaderu mi1ti ni idetatu woto2me1
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995),大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition,Tokyo:Shogakukan,→ISBN
  2. ^Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN

Vietnamese

[edit]

Chữ Hán

[edit]

:Hán Việt readings:hồng ((hồ)(công)(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5],hường[5]
:Nôm readings:hồng[1][2][4][5][3],hường[2][6][5],hông[7]

  1. chữ Hán form ofhồng (pink)
  2. chữ Hán form ofhường (pink)

Compounds

[edit]
Derived terms

References

[edit]
  1. 1.01.1Nguyễn (2014).
  2. 2.02.12.2Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. 3.03.1Trần (2004).
  4. 4.04.1Bonet (1899).
  5. 5.05.15.25.3Génibrel (1898).
  6. ^Hồ (1976).
  7. ^Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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