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| Stroke order | |||
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算 (Kangxi radical 118,竹+8, 14 strokes,cangjie input竹月山廿 (HBUT),four-corner88446,composition⿱𥫗𥃲 or⿱𥬥廾)
| trad. | 算 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp.# | 算 | |
| 2nd round simp. | 祘 | |
| alternative forms | 𥫫 筭 祘 𮅕 | |
| Historical forms of the character算 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan) |
| Small seal script |
 |
In current form,竹(“bamboo”) + 目 + 廾.
The目 portion may have originally representedcounting rods (or possibly anabacus, although the character is believed to predate its invention). Such rods were typically made from bamboo. Perhaps related to the top component of學, hence to爻.
Similar but unrelated to具.
It has been compared withTibetanགཤོར(gshor,“to count, to measure, to weigh”) byGong (1995).
| Variety | Location | 算 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /suan⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /suan⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /suan⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /suã²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /suã⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /suan³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /suã⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /suã²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /suan¹³/～術 /suan⁵³/～了 | |
| Lanzhou | /suɛ̃n¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /suan²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /san³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /suan¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /suan²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /suã̠²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /suaŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /sʊ̃⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /suæ̃⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /suɑŋ³⁵/ | |
| Hohhot | /suæ̃⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /sø³⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /sø⁵¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /sz̩ʷõ⁴⁴⁵/ | |
| Wenzhou | /sø⁴²/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /so³²⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /suːə⁴²/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /sõ⁵⁵/ |
| Xiangtan | /sɔn⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sɵn⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /son⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | /son⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /syn³³/ |
| Nanning | /ɬyn³³/ | |
| Hong Kong | /syn³³/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /suan²¹/ /sŋ̍²¹/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /sɔuŋ²¹²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /sɔŋ³³/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /suaŋ²¹³/ /sɯŋ²¹³/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /suaŋ²³/ /tui³⁵/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 算 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 蘇管切 |
| Baxter | swanX |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /suɑnX/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sʷɑnX/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /suɑnX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /swanX/ |
| Li Rong | /suɑnX/ |
| Wang Li | /suɑnX/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /suɑnX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | suǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | syun2 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 算 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | suàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ swanH › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s]ˁorʔ-s/ |
| English | calculate; tally |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 算 | 算 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 12137 | 12140 |
| Phonetic component | 算 | 算 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 算 | 筭 |
| Old Chinese | /*sloːnʔ/ | /*sloːns/ |
算
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal(Written Standard Chinese) | 算,計算,計數 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 算 |
| Malaysia | 算 | |
| Singapore | 算 | |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai(Muping) | 算 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 算 |
| Xi'an | 算 | |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 算 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 算 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 算 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 計 |
| Hong Kong | 計 | |
| Taishan | 計 | |
| Dongguan | 計 | |
| Singapore(Guangfu) | 計 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 算 |
| Lichuan | 算 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 算 |
| Miaoli(N. Sixian) | 算 | |
| Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian) | 算 | |
| Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu) | 算 | |
| Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu) | 算 | |
| Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping) | 算 | |
| Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 算 | |
| Kuching(Hepo) | 算 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 算 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 算 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 算 |
| Singapore(Hokkien) | 算 | |
| Shantou | 算 | |
| Singapore(Teochew) | 算 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 算 |
| Jinhua | 算 | |
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal(Written Standard Chinese) | 想念,思念,掛念,惦念,懷念 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 想念,想 |
| Singapore | 想念,想 | |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 算 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 掛住,掛望 |
| Hong Kong | 掛住 | |
| Singapore(Guangfu) | 掛住 | |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 數念,心念 |
| Xiamen(Tong'an) | 數念 | |
| Quanzhou | 數念,心念 | |
| Zhangzhou | 數念,心念 | |
| Tainan | 想,數念,思念 | |
| Penang(Hokkien) | 數念 | |
| Singapore(Hokkien) | 數念 | |
| Manila(Hokkien) | 數念 | |
| Singapore(Teochew) | 思念 | |
| Wenchang | 想念 | |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 算,干掛 |
| Putian(Donghai, Chengxiang) | 算,念,干掛 | |
| Putian(Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 干掛 | |
| Putian(Nanri, Xiuyu) | 干掛 | |
| Xianyou | 算,干掛 | |
| Xianyou(Fengting) | 算,干掛 | |
| Xianyou(Youyang) | 算,干掛 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 想,牽記,想念 somewhat literary |
| Suzhou | 牽記 | |
| Ningbo | 忖 | |
| Jinhua | 想,忖 | |
FromMiddle Chinese算 (MC swanX).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 솬〯 (Yale:swǎn) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | 혤〯 (Yale:hyěyl) | 산〯 (Yale:sǎn) |
