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神 (Kangxi radical 113,示+5, 10 strokesin traditional Chinese and Korean, 9 strokesin mainland China and Japanese,cangjie input戈火中田中 (IFLWL),four-corner35206,composition⿰礻申(GHTJV) or⿰示申(K orU+FA19))
| simp. andtrad. | 神 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 𥙍 𥛠 衶 | |
| Historical forms of the character神 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
 |  |  |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*hlin): semantic 示(“god;deity”) + phonetic 申(OC*hlin,“lightning”).
Originally申 in the oracle bone script and in some bronze inscriptions. The ancients feared theunpredictablelightning and considered it to bedivine or of divineorigin.示 was added for specialization.
PossiblySino-Tibetan; compareChepang ग्लीङ्ह (gliŋh, “spirit,mind,soul”) (Schuessler, 2007).
| Variety | Location | 神 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʂən³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ʂən²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /ʂən⁴⁵/ /sən⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /ʂẽ⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /ʃə̃⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʂən⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /ʂẽ²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ʂə̃²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʂəŋ⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʂə̃n⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /sən²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /sən³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /sen²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ʂə̃³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʂən²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ʂən⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /səŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /ʂəŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /sə̃ŋ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zəŋ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /zən¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /zen²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /zaŋ³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕiʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /ɕian⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʂən¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /ʂən¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sɨn⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sən¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /ʃen¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɐn²¹/ |
| Nanning | /sɐn²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /sɐn²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sin³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /siŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /seiŋ²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /siŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /tin³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 神 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 船 (27) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 食鄰切 |
| Baxter | zyin |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʑiɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʑin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʑjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʑin/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ʑiĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡ʑĭĕn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /d͡ʑʰi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shén |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | san4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 神 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shén |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ zyin › |
| Old Chinese | /*Cə.li[n]/ |
| English | spirit |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 神 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11245 |
| Phonetic component | 申 |
| Rime group | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 神 |
| Old Chinese | /*hlin/ |
神
| Branch | Words |
|---|---|
| Protestant | 上帝,神,真神 |
| Roman Catholic | 天主,僚氏Hokkien, historical |
| Eastern Orthodox | 上帝 |
| Church of the East | 阿羅訶,天尊,真主 |
Others:
神
| Shinjitai | 神 | |
| Kyūjitai [1] | 神 神or 神+ ︀? | |
| 神󠄀 神+ 󠄀?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
| 神󠄃 神+ 󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. Seehere for details. | ||
(Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji,kyūjitai form神)
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 神 |
| かみ Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 神(kyūjitai) |
⟨kami2⟩ → */kamɨ/ →/kami/
FromOld Japanese, ultimately fromProto-Japonic *kamui.
Not related to上 (kami1 → kami, “top,upper”) or髪 (kami, “hair”).
Often appears in compounds askamu- orkan-, indicating thatkami is an unbound form deriving from */kamui/. Such apophony has occurred in otherJapanese terms, such as目 (me, ma-, “eye”) or酒 (sake, saka-, “sake,liquor”). See alsoWT:AJPX#Standalone forms and combining forms.
CompareKorean 검 (geom, “god,spirit”) andAinu カムイ (kamuy, “god”).
For quotations using this term, seeCitations:神.
For quotations using this term, seeCitations:神.
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 神 |
| しん Grade: 3 |
| kan'on |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 神(kyūjitai) |
FromMiddle Chinese神 (MC zyin). Compare modernMandarin 神 (shén).
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 神 |
| じん Grade: 3 |
| goon |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 神(kyūjitai) |
FromMiddle Chinese神 (MC zyin).
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 神 |
| み Grade: 3 |
| irregular |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 神(kyūjitai) 霊 |
⟨mi1⟩ → */mʲi/ →/mi/
FromOld Japanese.
Cognate with御 (mi-), an honorific prefix originally used to refer to gods and other high-status objects.
FromMiddle Chinese神 (MC zyin). Recorded asMiddle Korean신(sin) (Yale:sin) inHunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
(Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji,kyūjitai form神)
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 神 |
| かみ Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 神(kyūjitai) |
FromProto-Ryukyuan *kami.
神 (kami)
FromProto-Japonic *kamuy.
Can be parsed as a compound of boundapophonic神(kamu) +い(i,emphatic nominative particle).
神 (kami2) (kana かみ)
For quotations using this term, seeCitations:神.
Cognate with御 (mi1-), an honorific prefix originally used to refer to gods and other high-status objects.
神 (mi1) (kana み)
神:Hán Việt readings:thần[1][2][3]
神:Nôm readings:thần[1][2],thằn[1],thườn[3]
