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用 (Kangxi radical 101,用+0, 5 strokes,cangjie input月手 (BQ),four-corner77220,composition⿵⺆𰀁 or⿻丨月)
| simp. andtrad. | 用 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | ||
| Historical forms of the character用 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan) | Liushutong (compiled inMing) | |||||
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pictogram (象形): a water bucket. Compare桶. Similar but unrelated to甬, which represents a bronze bell, and角, which represents a horn. Unrelated to the bottom part of備, which represents a quiver. Eventually, unrelated to甫, in which it is the stylization of田.
FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*z(j)um ~ *zuŋ, provisionally set up bySTEDT. Cognates to傭 (OC loŋ) and庸 (OC loŋ), outside Sinitic,Southern Baizv³¹(“to use”)Burmeseသုံး(sum:,“to use”),Ersuzi⁵⁵(“to use”),Nuosuꌬ(ssi,“to use”),Pa'o Karen[script needed](sūŋ,“to use”).
Sun (1999) andSchuessler (2007) consider this word a cognate toTibetanལོངས(longs,“use”)
Definition 10 comes sound-matching of the character蓉 from the term細蓉 /细蓉.
| Variety | Location | 用 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /yŋ⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /yŋ⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /ʐuŋ⁵³/ /yŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /yŋ²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /iŋ⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /yuŋ³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /yŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /yə̃²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /yŋ¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ỹn¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /yŋ²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /ioŋ³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /yoŋ¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /ioŋ²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /ioŋ¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ioŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /iŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /yəŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /yŋ³⁵/ | |
| Hohhot | /ỹŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦioŋ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ioŋ⁵¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɦioŋ¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /jyɔ²²/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /yʌ̃²²/ |
| Tunxi | /in¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ioŋ⁵⁵/ /ioŋ¹¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /in²¹/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /iuŋ²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /iuŋ⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | /ʒuŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /joŋ²²/ |
| Nanning | /juŋ²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /juŋ²²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /iɔŋ²²/ /iŋ²²/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /øyŋ²⁴²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /œyŋ³³/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /eŋ³¹/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /zoŋ³³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 用 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 余頌切 |
| Baxter | yowngH |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨoŋH/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jioŋH/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ioŋH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /juawŋH/ |
| Li Rong | /ioŋH/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭwoŋH/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯woŋH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jung6 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 用 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yòng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yowngH › |
| Old Chinese | /*loŋ-s/ |
| English | use (v.) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 用 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15460 |
| Phonetic component | 用 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 用 |
| Old Chinese | /*loŋs/ |
用
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal(Written Standard Chinese) | 用,使用 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 使,用 |
| Malaysia | 用 | |
| Singapore | 用 | |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 使,用 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 使喚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 用,使 |
| Wuhan | 用 | |
| Guilin | 用 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 用 |
| Hefei | 使,用 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 用,使 |
| Hong Kong | 用,使 | |
| Yangjiang | 使 | |
| Singapore(Guangfu) | 用 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 用 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 用 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 使喚,用 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 使 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 使 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 用 |
| Penang(Hokkien) | 用 | |
| Singapore(Hokkien) | 用 | |
| Chaozhou | 用,使 | |
| Singapore(Teochew) | 用 | |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan(Longdu, Shaxi) | 用 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 用 |
| Wenzhou | 用 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 用 |
| Shuangfeng | 用 | |
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal(Written Standard Chinese) | 用,拿 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 拿,用 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 用,拿 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 用,拿 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 拿,使 |
| Wuhan | 用,架,拿 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 拿,用 |
| Hefei | 用,拿 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 用,攞 |
| Hong Kong | 用,攞 | |
| Yangjiang | 用,捰 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 用,拿 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 用 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 拿,用 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 使 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 使,獲 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 用 |
| Jinjiang | 用 | |
| Manila(Hokkien) | 用 | |
| Chaozhou | 用 | |
| Wu | Suzhou | 拿,用 |
| Wenzhou | 用,𧵊 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 用,拿 |
| Shuangfeng | 用 | |
Others:
Formerly used asman'yōgana for the back-vowel variant (甲類) ofよ, romanized asyo1.
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 用 |
| よう Grade: 2 |
| kan'on |
FromMiddle Chinese用 (MC yowngH). Recorded asMiddle Korean용(ywong) (Yale:yong) inSinjeung Yuhap(新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
