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甚 (Kangxi radical 99,甘+4, 9 strokes,cangjie input廿一一女 (TMMV),four-corner44711,composition⿱⿴龷𠄠⿺𠃊八(GV) or⿱⿴龷𠄠⿺𠃊儿(JK) or⿱⿴龷𠄠⿺㇄⿰丿㇄(HT))
| trad. | 甚 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp.# | 甚 | |
| alternative forms | 𠥄 𠯕 | |
| Historical forms of the character甚 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan) | Liushutong (compiled inMing) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |  |  |
Shuowen: Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 甘 + 匹.
STEDT considers it to be fromProto-Sino-Tibetan*l-(t/d)jam(“full; flat; straight”) and cognate with斟 (OC*kljum, “to pour”),淫 (OC*lɯm, “excessive”) andTibetanགཏམས(gtams,“to fill up”).
| Variety | Location | 甚 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʂən⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /ʂən⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /ʂən⁵³/ /sən⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /ʂẽ²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /ʃə̃⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʂən³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /ʂẽ⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ʂə̃²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʂəŋ¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʂə̃n¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /sən³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /sən¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /sen²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /ʂə̃²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʂən⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ʂən⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /səŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /ʂəŋ³⁵/ | |
| Hohhot | /sə̃ŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zəŋ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /zən³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /zen¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /zaŋ³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕiʌ̃²²/ |
| Tunxi | ||
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʂən⁵⁵/ |
| Xiangtan | /ʂən⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sɨn²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /səm⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | /ʃem³¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɐm²²/ |
| Nanning | /sɐm²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /sɐm²²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sim⁵³/ /sim²²/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /sɛiŋ²⁴²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /seiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /sim³⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /tim³³/ |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 甚 | 甚 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (139) | 侵 (139) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 常枕切 | 時鴆切 |
| Baxter | dzyimX | dzyimH |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiɪmX/ | /d͡ʑiɪmH/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑimX/ | /d͡ʑimH/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑjemX/ | /d͡ʑjemH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑimX/ | /d͡ʑimH/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiəmX/ | /ʑiəmH/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭĕmX/ | /ʑĭĕmH/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯əmX/ | /ʑi̯əmH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shèn | shèn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sam6 | sam6 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 甚 | 甚 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shèn | shèn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyimX › | ‹ dzyimH › |
| Old Chinese | /*[t.ɢ][ə]mʔ/ | /*[t.ɢ][ə]mʔ-s/ |
| English | excessive, very | excessive |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 甚 | 甚 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 11296 | 11297 |
| Phonetic component | 甚 | 甚 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 甚 | 甚 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡljumʔ/ | /*ɡljums/ |
甚
| For pronunciation and definitions of甚 – see什 (“tenfamilies; etc.”). (This character is a variant traditional form of什). |
甚
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