| ||||||||
 | ||||||||
| ||||||||
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 | |||
| Stroke order (Chinese) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 | |||
| Stroke order (Japan) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 | |||
玉 (Kangxi radical 96,玉+0, 5 strokes,cangjie input一土戈 (MGI),four-corner10103,composition⿱一圡 or⿷王丶)
| simp. andtrad. | 玉 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 王 𤣩 𠀛 | |
| Historical forms of the character玉 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan) | Liushutong (compiled inMing) | Libian (compiled inQing) | Kangxi Dictionary (compiled inQing) | ||||
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | Clerical script | Ming typeface |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
The character's shape was historically very similar to王; a dot was introduced to differentiate the two.
Pictogram (象形): a picture of acong (琮), a sort of ritual jade totem.
It is also interpreted as three pieces of jade strung together on a string.
STEDT compares it toProto-Sino-Tibetan*r-lu(ŋ/k)(“stone”), which is also compared to琭 (OC*roːɡ, “a kind of precious stone”) and碭 (OC*l'aːŋ, *l'aːŋs, “brilliant veined stone”).
| Variety | Location | 玉 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /y⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /y⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /y⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /y²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /y⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /y³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /y²¹/ | |
| Xining | /y⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /y¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /y¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /y²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /y³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /y¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /i²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /i²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /y⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /zz̩ʷ⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /y⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /y³⁵/ | |
| Hohhot | /y⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ȵioʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /ȵioʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ȵioʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ȵo²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /y²²/ |
| Tunxi | /ȵy¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /y⁵⁵/ /ʐəu²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /y⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /y²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋiuk̚⁵/ |
| Taoyuan | /ŋiuk̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jok̚²/ |
| Nanning | /juk̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /juk̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /giɔk̚⁵/ /gik̚⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ŋuoʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ŋy⁴²/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /gek̚⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /zi³³/ /zi³⁵/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 玉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 燭 (8) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 魚欲切 |
| Baxter | ngjowk |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋɨok̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋiok̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋiok̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋuawk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋiok̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋĭwok̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋi̯wok̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | juk6 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 玉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngjowk › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ŋ](r)ok/ (< uvular?) |
| English | jade |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 玉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15971 |
| Phonetic component | 玉 |
| Rime group | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 玉 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋoɡ/ |
玉
Others:
| For pronunciation and definitions of玉 – see鬱 (“lush;luxuriant;exuberant;dense;thick;depressed;gloomy;moody; etc.”). (This character is the draft (1955) first-round simplified form of鬱). |
Notes:
|
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 玉 |
| たま Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 珠 球 |
FromOld Japanese.
Lua error in Module:ja-pron atline 383: attempt to call upvalue 'sub' (a nil value)
{{rfdef}}.| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 玉 |
| ぎょく Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi |
FromMiddle Chinese玉 (MC ngjowk).
Lua error in Module:ja-pron atline 383: attempt to call upvalue 'sub' (a nil value)
{{rfdef}}.| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 玉 |
| ぎょく Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi |
FromMiddle Chinese玉 (MC ngjowk).
Lua error in Module:ja-pron atline 383: attempt to call upvalue 'sub' (a nil value)