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猿 (Kangxi radical 94,犬+10, 13 strokes,cangjie input大竹土口女 (KHGRV),four-corner44232,composition⿰犭袁)
| simp. andtrad. | 猿 | |
|---|---|---|
| 2nd round simp. | 𤝌 | |
| alternative forms | ||
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*ɢʷan): semantic 犭 + phonetic 袁(OC*ɢʷan).
FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*b/g-woj-n(“monkey”).
Alternatively, the root may beAustroasiatic; compareProto-Mon-Khmer*swaaʔ(“monkey”) (Schuessler, 2007); compare alsoProto-Mon-Khmer*kwaɲ ~ kwaaɲʔ.
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 猿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 雨元切 |
| Baxter | hjwon |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦʉɐn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷiɐn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣiuɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦuan/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣiuɐn/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣĭwɐn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯wɐn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yuán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyun4 |
猿
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 猿 |
| さる Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
FromOld Japanese. Appears in theMan'yōshū, completed some time after 759CE.
Ultimate derivation possibly borrowed fromAinuサロ(saro,“monkey”,fromサㇻ(sar,“a tail”) +オ(o,“to bear, to wear, to carry”)).[1]
The kanji is fromChinese猿(yuán,“ape”). CompareJapanese猪(inoshishi,“boar”) fromChinese猪(zhū,“pig”) andJapanese豚(buta,“pig”) fromChinese豚(tún,“sucklingpig”).
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is oftenspelled inkatakana, especially inbiological contexts (where katakana is customary), asサル.
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 猿 |
| まし Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
FromOld Japanese. Appears in theMan'yōshū, completed some time after 759CE, used phonetically to spell the sound/masi/.
Ultimate derivation unknown.
This form seems to be used less often thanmashira below.
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 猿 |
| ましら Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Derived from earliermashi form above. Found in texts from the early 1900s, possibly earlier. Appears to bemashi + the pluralizing and genericizing suffixら(ra).
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 猿 |
| えん Grade: S |
| kan'on |
FromMiddle Chinese猿 (MC hjwon).
Thekan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.
FromMiddle Chinese猿 (MC hjwon). Recorded asMiddle Korean𫞤/원(wen) (Yale:wen) inHunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
猿:Hán Nôm readings:viên,vượn,ươi
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