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火車

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:火车

Chinese

[edit]

	fire; angry; fierce fire; angry; fierce; fiery; thriving	vehicle on land; car; machine vehicle on land; car; machine; to shape with a lathe
trad.(火車)	火	車
simp.(火车)	火	车
Literally: “fire vehicle”.

Wikipedia has articles on:

火車(Eastern Min)
火車(Gan)
Fó-chhâ(Hakka)
火車(Classical)
hóe-chhia(Southern Min)
火車(Wu)
火車(Cantonese)
火車 (消歧義)(Written Standard Chinese^?)

Etymology

[edit]

“train”: First attested in美理哥合省國志略[1838] byElijah Coleman Bridgman, perhaps modelled on already-existing火船, or shortened from火烝車／火烝车, attested in the same work. It is likely not a shortening of火輪車／火轮车 (huǒlúnchē), which was attested later than火車 /火车.
“East Rail Line”: For a long time in history, theKowloon-Canton Railway, which its Hong Kong section would later be renamed the KCR East Rail and then East Rail Line after merger with MTR, was the only intercity railway line in Hong Kong.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin):huǒchē
(Zhuyin):ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄔㄜ
(Chengdu,Sichuanese Pinyin):ho³ ce¹
(Xi'an,Guanzhong Pinyin):huòchě
(Nanjing,Nanjing Pinyin):hǒchè
(Dungan,Cyrillic andWiktionary):хуәчә (huəčə, II-I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):fo² ce¹
(Dongguan,Jyutping++):fo² coe^1-0
(Taishan,Wiktionary):fo² cie¹
Gan(Wiktionary):'fo³ ca¹
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):fó-chhâ
(Hailu,HRS):fo^ˊ cha^ˋ
(Meixian,Guangdong):fo³ ca¹
Jin(Wiktionary):hue² ce¹
Northern Min(KCR):hǒ-chiá
Eastern Min(BUC):huōi-chiă
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):huei³ cia¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):hé-chhia /hér-chhia /hóe-chhia
(Teochew,Peng'im):huê² cia¹
Southern Pinghua(Nanning,Jyutping++):hu² ce¹
Wu(Wugniu)
- (Northern):⁵hu-tsho₁ /⁵hou₃-tsho₁ /³hu-tsho₁ /³ho-tshuei₁ /³hou-tsho₁
- (Jinhua):³huo-chiaa₁
Xiang
(Changsha,Wiktionary):ho³ che¹
(Loudi,Wiktionary):huo³ qio^1*
(Hengyang,Wiktionary):ho³ qie¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:huǒchē
  - Zhuyin:ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄔㄜ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:huǒche
  - Wade–Giles:huo³-chʻê¹
  - Yale:hwǒ-chē
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:huooche
  - Palladius:хочэ(xočɛ)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese,erhua-ed) (火車兒 /火车儿)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:huǒchēr
  - Zhuyin:ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄔㄜㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:huǒcher
  - Wade–Giles:huo³-chʻê¹-ʼrh
  - Yale:hwǒ-chēr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:huooche'l
  - Palladius:хочэр(xočɛr)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤɻ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin:ho³ ce¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz:xoce
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/xo⁵³ t͡sʰɛ⁵⁵/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin:huòchě
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/xuo⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ²¹/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin:hǒchè [Phonetic:hóchè]
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered):ho³ che¹ [Phonetic:ho² che¹]
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/xo¹¹⁻¹² ʈ͡ʂʰe³¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic andWiktionary:хуәчә (huəčə, II-I)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/xuə⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰə²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping:fo² ce¹
  - Yale:fó chē
  - Cantonese Pinyin:fo² tse¹
  - Guangdong Romanization:fo² cé¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/fɔː³⁵ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/
- (Dongguan,Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++:fo² coe^1-0
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/fɔ³⁵ t͡sʰø²¹³⁻⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese,Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary:fo² cie¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/fᵘɔ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiɛ³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary:'fo³ ca¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ˈfo²¹³⁻¹³ t͡sʰa⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:fó-chhâ
  - Hakka Romanization System:fo^ˋ ca^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:fo³ ca¹
  - SinologicalIPA:/fo³¹ t͡sʰa²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl.Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System:fo^ˊ cha^ˋ
  - SinologicalIPA:/fo²⁴⁻³³ t͡ʃʰa⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong:fo³ ca¹
  - SinologicalIPA:/fo³¹ t͡sʰa⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary:hue² ce¹
  - SinologicalIPA (old-style):/xuɤ⁵³ t͡sʰɤ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized:hǒ-chiá
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/xo²¹ t͡sʰia⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:huōi-chiă
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/hui³³⁻²¹^(t͡sʰ-)ʒia⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:huei³ cia¹ [Phonetic: huei⁵ lia¹]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:hôi-chia
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/huei⁴⁵³⁻¹¹^(t͡sʰ-)lia⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:huei³ cia¹ [Phonetic: huei⁵ lia¹]
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/huei³³²⁻²¹^(t͡sʰ-)lia⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Taipei,Magong,Hsinchu,Jinjiang,Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:hé-chhia
  - Tâi-lô:hé-tshia
  - Phofsit Daibuun:hefchiaf
  - IPA (Jinjiang,Philippines):/he⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰia³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen,Taipei):/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien:Quanzhou,Lukang,Sanxia,Kinmen,Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:hér-chhia
  - Tâi-lô:hér-tshia
  - IPA (Quanzhou):/hə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰia³³/
  - IPA (Lukang):/hə⁵⁵⁻³⁵ t͡sʰia³³/
  - IPA (Kinmen):/hə⁵³⁻²⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien:Zhangzhou,Kaohsiung,Tainan,Yilan,Taichung,Penang,Medan,Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:hóe-chhia
  - Tâi-lô:hué-tshia
  - Phofsit Daibuun:hoefchiaf
  - IPA (Zhangzhou):/hue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Penang):/hue⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡sʰia³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung):/hue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Singapore):/hue⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Tainan,Yilan):/hue⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im:huê² cia¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:hué tshia
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/hue⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰia³³/
Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua,Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++:hu² ce¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/hu³³ t͡sʰe⁵³/
Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai)
  - Wugniu:⁵hu-tsho₁
  - MiniDict:hu^去 tsho^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):²hu-tsho₁
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/hu³³ t͡sʰo⁴⁴/
- (Northern:Suzhou)
  - Wugniu:⁵hou₃-tsho₁
  - MiniDict:hou^上 tsho^平
  - SinologicalIPA (Suzhou):/həu⁵² t͡sʰo³³/
- (Northern:Chongming,Jiaxing,Shaoxing)
  - Wugniu:³hu-tsho₁
  - MiniDict:hu^上 tsho^平
  - SinologicalIPA (Chongming):/hu⁴² t͡sʰo⁵⁵/
  - SinologicalIPA (Jiaxing):/hu⁴⁴ t͡sʰo⁵³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Shaoxing):/hu³³⁵ t͡sʰo⁵²/
- (Northern:Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu:³ho-tshuei₁
  - MiniDict:ho^上 tshuei^平
  - SinologicalIPA (Hangzhou):/ho⁵⁵ t͡sʰzʷei²¹/
- (Northern:Ningbo)
  - Wugniu:³hou-tsho₁
  - MiniDict:hou^上 tsho^平
  - SinologicalIPA (Ningbo):/həu³³ t͡sʰo³⁵/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu:³huo-chiaa₁
  - SinologicalIPA (Jinhua):/huɤ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰia³³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary:ho³ che¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key) (old-style):/xo⁴¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ̞³³/
  - SinologicalIPA^(key) (new-style):/xo⁴¹ t͡sʰɤ̞³³/
- (Loudi)
  - Wiktionary:huo³ qio^1*
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/xʊ⁴² t͡ɕʰi̯ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³/
- (Hengyang)
  - Wiktionary:ho³ qie¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/xo³³ t͡ɕʰi̯e̞⁴⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese:xwaX tsyhae

Rime
Character	火	車
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	呼果切	尺遮切
Baxter	xwaX	tsyhae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/huɑ^X/	/t͡ɕʰia/
Pan Wuyun	/huɑ^X/	/t͡ɕʰia/
Shao Rongfen	/xuɑ^X/	/t͡ɕʰia/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hwa^X/	/cʰia/
Li Rong	/xuɑ^X/	/t͡ɕʰia/
Wang Li	/xuɑ^X/	/t͡ɕʰĭa/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xuɑ^X/	/t͡ɕʰi̯a/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huǒ	chē
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fo²	ce¹

Noun

[edit]

火車

train(Classifier:列m; 架c; 節／节m; 班mc; 趟m; 隻／只mn-t)
城際火車／城际火车 ― chéngjìhuǒchē ― intercitytrain
他差點沒趕上火車。[MSC,trad.]
他差点没赶上火车。[MSC,simp.]
Tā chàdiǎn méi gǎnshànghuǒchē.[Pinyin]
He nearly missed thetrain.
我坐火車去上海。[MSC,trad.]
我坐火车去上海。[MSC,simp.]
Wǒ zuòhuǒchē qù Shànghǎi.[Pinyin]
I am going to Shanghai bytrain.
火車三點開，你現在去還來得及。[MSC,trad.]
火车三点开，你现在去还来得及。[MSC,simp.]
Huǒchē sān diǎn kāi, nǐ xiànzài qù hái láidejí.[Pinyin]
Thetrain leaves at three. You can still make it if you go now.
(historical)combat chariot carryingequipment forattack byfire
(Buddhism)fiery chariot that sends asinner tohell

Usage notes

[edit]

火車／火车 refers to the train itself and to the mode of transportation, so it is used in terms related to the railway.列車／列车 (lièchē) is sometimes used instead to follow technology development as trains are not steam powered anymore, but the term only refers to the train itself and cannot replace火車／火车 in the previous term.
Sometimes high-speed trains (高鐵 /高铁(gāotiě)) are excluded when referring火車／火车 only.

Synonyms

[edit]

(train):

Dialectal synonyms of火車 (“train”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)		火車
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	火車
	Taiwan	火車
	Chengde	火車
	Chifeng	火車
	Hulunbuir(Hailar)	火車
	Heihe	火車
	Qiqihar	火車
	Harbin	火車
	Jiamusi	火車
	Baicheng	火車
	Changchun	火車
	Tonghua	火車
	Shenyang	火車
	Jinzhou	火車
	Singapore	火車
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	火車
	Tangshan	火車
	Cangzhou	火車
	Xianxian(Xiaoying)	火車
	Baoding	火車
	Shijiazhuang	火車
	Lijin	火車
	Jinan	火車
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	火車
	Dandong	火車
	Yantai	火車
	Yantai(Muping)	火車
	Qingdao	火車
	Zhucheng	火車
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	火車
	Lingbao	火車
	Jining	火車
	Wanrong	火車
	Linfen	火車
	Shangqiu	火車
	Yuanyang	火車
	Zhengzhou	火車
	Xinyang	火車
	Baihe	火車
	Xi'an	火車
	Dingbian	火車
	Baoji	火車
	Tianshui	火車
	Xining	火車
	Xuzhou	火車
	Fuyang	火車
	Sokuluk(Gansu Dungan)	火車
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	火車
	Lanzhou	火車
	Dunhuang	火車
	Hami	火車
	Ürümqi	火車
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	火車
	Nanchong	火車
	Dazhou	火車
	Hanyuan	火車
	Xichang	火車
	Zigong	火車
	Chongqing	火車
	Wuhan	火車
	Yichang	火車
	Xiangyang	火車
	Tianmen	火車
	Guiyang	火車
	Zunyi	火車
	Bijie	火車
	Liping	火車
	Zhaotong	火車
	Dali	火車
	Kunming	火車
	Mengzi	火車
	Guilin	火車
	Pingle	火車
	Liuzhou	火車
	Luzhai	火車
	Nanning(Fujian)	火車
	Nanning(Wuming)	火車
	Binyang(Nanjie)	火車
	Luocheng(Dongmen)	火車
	Tianlin(Langping)	火車
	Jishou	火車
	Changde	火車
	Xiangtan(Jiangnan Industries Group koine)	火車
	Hanzhong	火車
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	火車兒
	Yangzhou	火車
	Lianyungang	火車
	Lianshui	火車
	Nantong	火車
	Wuhu	火車
	Hefei	火車
	Hong'an	火車
Cantonese	Guangzhou	火車
	Hong Kong	火車
	Taishan(Guanghai)	火車
	Dongguan	火車
	Yangjiang	火車
	Qinzhou	火車
	Qinzhou(Xiniujiao)	火車
	Beihai	火車
	Beihai(Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	火車
	Beihai(Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	火車
	Fangchenggang(Fangcheng)	火車
	Singapore(Guangfu)	火車
	Ho Chi Minh City(Guangfu)	火車
	Móng Cái	火車
	Mandalay(Taishan)	火車
Gan	Nanchang	火車
	Lichuan	火車
	Pingxiang	火車
Hakka	Meixian	火車
	Yudu	火車
	Miaoli(N. Sixian)	火車
	Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)	火車
	Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)	火車
	Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)	火車
	Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)	火車
	Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)	火車
Huizhou	Jixi	火車
Huizhou	Shexian	火車
Jin	Taiyuan	火車
	Yangyuan	火車
	Datong	火車
	Xinzhou	火車
	Lüliang(Lishi)	火車
	Changzhi	火車
	Linhe	火車
	Jining	火車
	Hohhot	火車
	Erenhot	火車
	Pingshan	火車
	Zhangjiakou	火車
	Handan	火車
	Linzhou	火車
	Suide	火車
Jiuxing Yumin	Lanxi	火車
Northern Min	Jian'ou	火車
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	火車
Southern Min	Xiamen	火車
	Taipei	火車
	New Taipei(Sanxia)	火車
	Kaohsiung	火車
	Yilan	火車
	Changhua(Lukang)	火車
	Taichung	火車
	Tainan	火車
	Hsinchu	火車
	Kinmen	火車
	Penghu(Magong)	火車
	Penang(Hokkien)	火車
	Singapore(Hokkien)	火車
	Manila(Hokkien)	火車
	Chaozhou	火車
	Haikou	火車
Puxian Min	Xianyou	火車
Central Min	Nanping(Wangtai, Yanping)	火車
Southern Pinghua	Binyang	火車
Northern Pinghua	Guilin(Dongbianzhou)	火車
Wu	Shanghai	火車
	Shanghai(Chongming)	火車
	Suzhou	火車
	Hangzhou	火車
	Shaoxing	火車
	Wenzhou	火車
	Jinhua	火車
Xiang	Changsha	火車
	Loudi	火車
	Shuangfeng	火車
	Hengyang	火車
	Hengshan(Baiguo)	火車
	Qinglong(Changliu Laba Miao)	火車

Hypernyms

[edit]

(train):交通工具 (jiāotōng gōngjù)

Derived terms

[edit]

子彈火車 /子弹火车(zǐdàn huǒchē,“bullet train”)
氣墊火車 /气垫火车
火車便當 /火车便当(huǒchē biàndāng)
火車墿 /火车𰉣
火車票 /火车票(huǒchēpiào,“train ticket”)
火車站 /火车站(huǒchēzhàn,“train station”)
火車蟲 /火车虫
火車路 /火车路(huǒchēlù)
火車頭 /火车头(huǒchētóu,“locomotive”)
火車頭工業 /火车头工业
磁浮火車 /磁浮火车
開火車 /开火车(kāi huǒchē)

Descendants

[edit]

Sino-Xenic (火車):

→ Japanese:火(か)車(しゃ)(kasha)
→ Korean:화차(火車)(hwacha,“hwacha”)
→ Vietnamese:hỏa xa(火車)

Others:

→ Bouyei:hojcey
→ Malay:kereta api(calque)
- Indonesian:kereta api
→ Mongolian:галт тэрэг(galt tereg)(calque)
→ Thai:รถไฟ(rót-fai)(calque)
→ Tibetan:མེ་འཁོར(me 'khor)(calque)
→ Zhuang:hojceh,→cifeiz(calque)
→ Vietnamese:xe lửa(calque)

Proper noun

[edit]

火車

(Hong Kong,colloquial, somewhatdated)East Rail line

Japanese

[edit]

JapaneseWikipedia has an article on:

火車

Wikipedia^ja

EnglishWikipedia has an article on:

Kasha

Wikipedia

Kanji in this term
火	車
か Grade: 1	しゃ Grade: 1
on'yomi

Alternative forms

[edit]

(yōkai):化車

Etymology

[edit]

/kua t͡ɕia/ →/kʷaɕʲa/ →/kaɕa/

FromMiddle Chinese compound火車 (MC xwaX tsyhae).

The "steam locomotive" sense is asemantic loan from modernChinese火車 /火车(huǒchē).

Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Buddhist sense is a translation ofSanskrit[Term?] or an original Chinese Buddhist concept?”

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key):[ka̠ɕa̠]

Noun

[edit]

火(か)車(しゃ)• (kasha) ^{←くわしや(kwasya)^?}

(Buddhism) afiery chariot that bringssinners tohell;by extension, a form oftorture using this vehicle
Synonym:火の車(hi no kuruma)
aburning fire in the shape of awheel
short for火車婆(kasha-baba): apowerful,evil old hag
(folklore) ayōkai thatsteals thecorpses of those who have died as a result ofaccumulating evil deeds
asteam locomotive;by extension, atrain
Synonym:汽車(kisha)
- 1994 February 4, “Pekin chippu shidai? [Does one tip in Beijing?]”, inMainichi Shimbun, page 7:
  日(に)本(ほん)の二(に)十(じゅう)六(ろく)倍(ばい)の面(めん)積(せき)がある中(ちゅう)国(ごく)だけに、火(か)車(しゃ)（汽(き)車(しゃ)）の旅(たび)は長(なが)い、長(なが)い。わが支(し)局(きょく)の中(ちゅう)国(ごく)人(じん)女(じょ)性(せい)スタッフの場(ば)合(あい)、故(ふる)郷(さと)の蘭(ラン)州(シュウ)まで三(さん)十(じゅう)二(に)時(じ)間(かん)かかる。
  Nihon no nijūrokubai no menseki ga aru Chūgoku dake ni,kasha (kisha) no tabi wa nagai, nagai. Waga shikyoku no Chūgoku-jin josei sutaffu no bāi, furusato no Ranshū made sanjūni jikan kakaru.
  Only in China, which is 26 times the size of Japan, does one experience such long, long travel bylocomotive (steam train). For example one Chinese staffer in our office takes 32 hours to reach her hometown in Lanzhou.
alternative spelling of花車(kasha): awoman whomanages andsupervises prostitutes