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漢字

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:汉字

Chinese

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		Chinese; name of a dynasty; man	letter; symbol; character letter; symbol; character; word
trad.(漢字)		漢	字
simp.(汉字)		汉	字

Wikipedia has articles on:

漢字(Written Standard Chinese^?)
hàn-jī(Southern Min)

漢字／汉字 (*hànzì*):**Chinese characters**, showing theTraditional Chinese script on the left, andSimplified Chinese script on the right.

Pronunciation

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Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin):hànzì
(Zhuyin):ㄏㄢˋ ㄗˋ
(Dungan,Cyrillic andWiktionary):ханзы (hanzɨ, III-III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):hon³ zi⁶
(Taishan,Wiktionary):hon¹ du⁵
Gan(Wiktionary):hon³ ci²
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):hon-sṳ
(Hailu,HRS):hon^ˇ sii^˖
Eastern Min(BUC):háng-cê
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):hang⁴ zo⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):hàn-jī /hàn-lī
(Teochew,Peng'im):hang³ ri⁷
Wu(Shanghai,Wugniu):⁵hoe-zy

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin:hànzì
  - Zhuyin:ㄏㄢˋ ㄗˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:hànzìh
  - Wade–Giles:han⁴-tzŭ⁴
  - Yale:hàn-dz̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:hanntzyh
  - Palladius:ханьцзы(xanʹczy)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    汗漬 /汗渍
    漢字 /汉字
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic andWiktionary:ханзы (hanzɨ, III-III)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/xæ̃⁴⁴ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping:hon³ zi⁶
  - Yale:hon jih
  - Cantonese Pinyin:hon³ dzi⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization:hon³ ji⁶
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/hɔːn³³ t͡siː²²/
- (Taishanese,Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary:hon¹ du⁵
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/hᵘɔn³³ tu³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary:hon³ ci²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/hɵn²¹³⁻¹³ t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:hon-sṳ
  - Hakka Romanization System:hon sii
  - Hagfa Pinyim:hon⁴ si⁴
  - SinologicalIPA:/hon⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl.Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System:hon^ˇ sii^˖
  - SinologicalIPA:/hon¹¹ sɨ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:háng-cê
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵³^(t͡s-)ʒɛi²⁴²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:hang⁴ zo⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:ha̍ng-ceō
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/haŋ⁴² t͡so¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:hang⁴ zo⁵
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/haŋ⁴² t͡so²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Zhangzhou,Kaohsiung,Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:hàn-jī
  - Tâi-lô:hàn-jī
  - Phofsit Daibuun:harnji
  - IPA (Penang):/han²¹⁻³³ d͡zi²¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung):/han²¹⁻⁴¹ zi³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou):/han²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zi²²/
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:hàn-lī
  - Tâi-lô:hàn-lī
  - Phofsit Daibuun:harnli
  - IPA (Taipei):/han¹¹⁻⁵³ li³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen):/han²¹⁻⁵³ li²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou):/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ li⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im:hang³ ri⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:hàng jī
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zi¹¹/
Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai)
  - Wugniu:⁵hoe-zy
  - MiniDict:hoe^去 zy
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):²hoe-zr
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/hø³³ zz̩⁴⁴/


^edit ^edit 汗漬 /汗渍漢字 /汉字

Middle Chinese:xanH dziH

Rime
Character	漢	字
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	呼旰切	疾置切
Baxter	xanH	dziH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɑn^H/	/d͡zɨ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/hɑn^H/	/d͡zɨ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/xɑn^H/	/d͡zie^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/han^H/	/d͡zɨ^H/
Li Rong	/xɑn^H/	/d͡ziə^H/
Wang Li	/xɑn^H/	/d͡zĭə^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xɑn^H/	/d͡zʱi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hàn	zì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hon³	zi⁶

Noun

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漢字

Chinese character;Hancharacter;hanzi
- 顯宗曰：「每日先教漢字，至申時漢字課畢，教女直小字，習國朝語。」[Classical Chinese,trad.]
  显宗曰：「每日先教汉字，至申时汉字课毕，教女直小字，习国朝语。」[Classical Chinese,simp.]
  From:1343-1345,《金史·卷九十八·完顏匡》 (History of Jin)
  Xiǎnzōng yuē: “Měirì xiān jiàohànzì, zhì shēn shíhànzì kè bì, jiào nǚzhí xiǎo zì, xí guócháo yǔ.”[Pinyin]
  Xiǎnzōng said: “Every day first teach hanzi, until 3–5pm when hanzi class ends. Teach the Jurchen people small characters, and they will learn the language of this dynasty.”
- 不錯，漢字是古代傳下來的寶貝，但我們的祖先，比漢字還要古，所以我們更是古代傳下來的寶貝。爲漢字而犧牲我們，還是爲我們而犧牲漢字呢？[MSC,trad.]
  不错，汉字是古代传下来的宝贝，但我们的祖先，比汉字还要古，所以我们更是古代传下来的宝贝。为汉字而牺牲我们，还是为我们而牺牲汉字呢？[MSC,simp.]
  From:1934,魯迅 (Lu Xun)《漢字和拉丁化》 (Han character and its Latinization)
  Bùcuò,hànzì shì gǔdài chuán xiàlái de bǎobèi, dàn wǒmen de zǔxiān, bǐhànzì hái yào gǔ, suǒyǐ wǒmen gèng shì gǔdài chuán xiàlái de bǎobèi. Wèihànzì ér xīshēng wǒmen, háishì wèi wǒmen ér xīshēnghànzì ne?[Pinyin]
  Yes, Chinese characters are a treasure passed down from antiquity, but our ancestors are even more ancient, so we are more so a treasure passed down from antiquity. Will we sacrifice Chinese characters for our sake, or will we sacrifice ourselves for the sake of Chinese characters?

Synonyms

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edit

中國字 /中国字(zhōngguózì)
中文字(zhōngwénzì)
咱人字(Hokkien)
唐人字(Hokkien)
唐字(tong⁴ zi⁶)(Cantonese)
國字 /国字(guózì)
漢文字 /汉文字(Hokkien)

Derived terms

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和國漢字 /和国汉字(héguóhànzì)
漢字圈 /汉字圈(hànzìquān)
漢字文化圈 /汉字文化圈(hànzì wénhuàquān)
漢字詞 /汉字词(hànzìcí)

Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (漢字):

→ Japanese:漢字(かんじ)(kanji)
→ Okinawan:漢字(かんじ)(kanji)
→ Korean:한자(漢字)(hanja)
→ Vietnamese:Hán tự(漢字)

Others:

→ English:Hanzi,hanzi
→ French:hanzi
→ German:Hanzi
→ Indonesian:honji,hanzi
→ Malay:hanzi
→ Mongolian:
Cyrillic script:ханз(xanz)
Mongolian script:ᠬᠠᠨᠵᠢ(qanǰi)
→ Russian:ханьцзы́(xanʹczý)
→ Spanish:hanzi
→ Swedish:hanzi
→ Thai:ฮั่นจื้อ(hân-jʉ̂ʉ)
→ Turkish:hanzi

References

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“漢字”, in重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese),National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan),2021.
李如龙[Li, Ru-long];刘福铸[Liu, Fu-zhu];吴华英[Wu, Hua-ying];黄国城[Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019),莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min),Xiamen University Press,→ISBN, page38.

Japanese

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JapaneseWikipedia has an article on:

漢字

Wikipedia^ja

EnglishWikipedia has an article on:

Chinese characters

Wikipedia

EnglishWikipedia has an article on:

Kanji

Wikipedia

Etymology

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Kanji in this term
漢	字
かん Grade: 3	じ Grade: 1
goon

Alternative spelling
漢字(kyūjitai)

FromMiddle Chinese compound漢字 (MC xanH dziH, literally “Han Chinese + character”). Compare modernMandarin漢字／汉字 (hànzì),Hokkien漢字 /汉字(hàn-jī /hàn-lī).

Pronunciation

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(Tokyo)かんじ[kàńjí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [kã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑi]
Audio: (file)

Noun

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漢(かん)字(じ)• (kanji)

kanji

Usage notes

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The term literally means “Chinese characters”, and refers broadly to any suchideographic orlogographic character originating in written Chinese, or created anew along similar lines. This latter category includes some characters created in Japan from originally Chinese elements and called国字(kokuji, literally“national (i.e. Japanese) characters”), and other characters that were modified over time into distinctly Japanese forms and called新字体(shinjitai, literally“new character forms”). Contrast with仮名(kana, literally“borrowed label”), uniquely Japanesephonetic characters derived either from cursive forms of kanji (the平仮名(hiragana)) or from shorthand that abbreviated characters to use just specific parts of the original kanji (the片仮名(katakana)).