| ||||||||
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
源 (Kangxi radical 85,水+10, 13 strokes,cangjie input水一竹火 (EMHF),four-corner31196,composition⿰氵原)
| simp. andtrad. | 源 | |
|---|---|---|
| 2nd round simp. | 沅 | |
| alternative forms | 原 厵 厡 | |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*ŋʷan) and ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): semantic 水(“water”) + phonetic 原(OC*ŋʷan,“origin”).
| Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Related to元 (OC*ŋon, “head; principal; first; great”)?” |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 源 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 愚袁切 |
| Baxter | ngjwon |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋʉɐn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋʷiɐn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋiuɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋuan/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋiuɐn/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋĭwɐn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋi̯wɐn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yuán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyun4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 源 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yuán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngjwon › |
| Old Chinese | /*N-ɢʷar/ |
| English | spring, source |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 源 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16187 |
| Phonetic component | 原 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 元 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋʷan/ |
| Notes | 原之轉註字 |
源
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 源 |
| みなもと Grade: 6 |
| kun'yomi |
Derived from水(mi,“water”,combining form) +な(na,Old Japanese possessive particle) +元,本(moto,“origin,source”).[1][2]
Vovin believes that thena in the initialmina- element is not a genitive particle, but rather actually meant "water", contending that themi was instead the honorific prefix御(mi-).[3] See also港(minato,“sluice; port”).
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 源 |
| げん Grade: 6 |
| kan'on |
FromMiddle Chinese源 (MC ngjwon).
源• (won) (hangeul원,revised won,McCune–Reischauer wŏn,Yale wen)
源:Hán Nôm readings:nguồn,nguyên,ngùn,nguyễn
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