| ||||||||
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 | |||
| Stroke order (Japan) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 | |||
The character present in theKangxi dictionary is淸 (U+6DF8), which is also theform used in Korea.
清 (Kangxi radical 85,水+8, 11 strokes,cangjie input水手一月 (EQMB),four-corner35127,composition⿰氵青(GHTJV))
| trad. | 清/淸 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 清 | |
| 2nd round simp. | 𰛓 | |
| alternative forms | 𠗜 𨓽 | |
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 猜 | *sʰlɯː |
| 輤 | *sʰleːns |
| 綪 | *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ |
| 倩 | *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs |
| 棈 | *sʰleːns |
| 蒨 | *sʰeːns |
| 篟 | *sʰeːns |
| 生 | *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs |
| 牲 | *sreŋ |
| 笙 | *sreŋ |
| 甥 | *sreŋ |
| 鉎 | *sreŋ, *sleːŋ |
| 珄 | *sreŋ |
| 鼪 | *sreŋ, *sreŋs |
| 猩 | *sreŋ, *seːŋ |
| 狌 | *sreŋ |
| 眚 | *sreŋʔ |
| 貹 | *sreŋs |
| 崝 | *zreːŋ |
| 精 | *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs |
| 菁 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 鶄 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 蜻 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 鼱 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 婧 | *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ |
| 睛 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ |
| 箐 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 聙 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 旌 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 清 | *sʰleŋ |
| 圊 | *sʰleŋ |
| 請 | *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 凊 | *sʰleŋs |
| 䝼 | *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 靚 | *zleŋs |
| 情 | *zleŋ |
| 晴 | *zleŋ |
| 夝 | *zleŋ |
| 靜 | *zleŋʔ |
| 靖 | *zleŋʔ |
| 睲 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 惺 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋ |
| 性 | *sleŋs |
| 姓 | *sleŋs |
| 靗 | *l̥ʰeŋs |
| 鯖 | *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 青 | *sʰleːŋ |
| 靘 | *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs |
| 掅 | *sʰleːŋs |
| 胜 | *sleːŋ |
| 曐 | *sleːŋ |
| 星 | *sleːŋ |
| 鮏 | *sleːŋ |
| 腥 | *seːŋ, *seːŋs |
| 鯹 | *seːŋ |
| 醒 | *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 篂 | *seːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*sʰleŋ): semantic 氵(“water”) + phonetic 青(OC*sʰleːŋ).
FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*(t)s(j)aŋ(“clear; pure; clean”); cognate withTibetanགཙང(gtsang,“clean; pure”), Mizothiang(“to be clear; to be clean; to be pure”),Southern Qiangɕó,Drungcangma(“clean”),Burmeseစင်(cang,“clean, pure”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).
Within Chinese, cognate with淨 (OC*zeŋs, “clean”),醒 (OC*seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs, “to wake up; to become sober”), and allofamic with星 (OC*sleːŋ, “star”),晴 (OC*zleŋ, “(of weather) clear; fine”); possibly also related to靜 (OC*zleŋʔ, “quiet”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Perhaps anareal word; compareProto-Mon-Khmer*caŋ(“to glitter”) (Schuessler, 2007).
| Variety | Location | 清 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /t͡sʰiŋ²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /t͡sʰiŋ²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /t͡ɕʰiə̃⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /t͡ɕʰĩn³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /t͡ɕʰĩ⁴⁴/ | |
| Nanjing | /t͡sʰin³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /t͡ɕʰin²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕʰiəŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /t͡ɕʰiŋ¹³/ /t͡sʰei¹³/～湯 | |
| Hohhot | /t͡ɕʰĩŋ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /t͡sʰin⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /t͡ɕʰin³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /t͡sʰeŋ³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰiʌ̃³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡sʰɛ¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sʰin³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /t͡sʰin³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰiɑŋ⁴²/稀,不稠 /t͡ɕʰin⁴²/～楚 |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰin⁴⁴/ /t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴/～明 |
| Taoyuan | /t͡sʰin²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰeŋ⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /t͡sʰɛŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/ /t͡sʰĩ⁵⁵/～明 /t͡sʰiã⁵⁵/福～ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sʰiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sʰeiŋ⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰeŋ³³/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /seŋ²³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 清 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (121) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 七情切 |
| Baxter | tshjeng |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰiᴇŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰiɛŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰiæŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰiajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰiɛŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰĭɛŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰi̯ɛŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qīng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cing1 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 清 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qīng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshjeng › |
| Old Chinese | /*tsʰeŋ/ |
| English | clear (adj.) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 清 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11338 |
| Phonetic component | 生 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 清 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰleŋ/ |
清
| Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Time period | Divisions | |||
| Xia 夏(～朝,～代) | 2070 – 1600BCE | ||||
| Shang 商(～朝,～代) 殷(～朝,～代) | 1600 – 1046BCE | ||||
| Zhou 周(～朝,～代) | 1046 – 256BCE | Western Zhou 西周 | |||
| Eastern Zhou 東周 /东周 | Spring and Autumn period 春秋 | ||||
| Warring States period 戰國 /战国 | |||||
| Qin 秦(～朝,～代) | 221 – 206BCE | ||||
| Han 漢 /汉(～朝,～代) | 206BCE – 220CE | Western Han 西漢 /西汉 | |||
| Xin 新(～朝) | |||||
| Eastern Han 東漢 /东汉 | |||||
| Three Kingdoms 三國 /三国 | 220 – 280CE | Wei 魏 | |||
| Shu Han 蜀漢 /蜀汉 | |||||
| Wu 吳 /吴 | |||||
| Jin 晉 /晋(～朝,～代) | 265 – 420CE | Western Jin 西晉 /西晋 | |||
| Eastern Jin 東晉 /东晋 | |||||
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589CE | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Wei 北魏 | ||
| Western Wei 西魏 | |||||
| Eastern Wei 東魏 /东魏 | |||||
| Northern Zhou 北周 | |||||
| Northern Qi 北齊 /北齐 | |||||
| Southern dynasties 南朝 | Liu Song 劉宋 /刘宋 | ||||
| Southern Qi 南齊 /南齐 | |||||
| Liang 梁(～朝,～代) | |||||
| Chen 陳 /陈(～朝,～代) | |||||
| Sui 隋(～朝,～代) | 581 – 618CE | ||||
| Tang 唐(～朝,～代) | 618 – 907CE | ||||
| Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國 /五代十国 | 907 – 960CE | ||||
| Liao 遼 /辽(～朝,～代) | 907 – 1125CE | ||||
| Song 宋(～朝,～代) | 960 – 1279CE | Northern Song 北宋 | |||
| Southern Song 南宋 | |||||
| Western Xia 西夏 | 1038 – 1227CE | ||||
| Jin 金(～朝,～代) | 1115 – 1234CE | ||||
| Western Liao 西遼 /西辽 | 1124 – 1218CE | ||||
| Yuan 元(～朝,～代) | 1271 – 1368CE | ||||
| Ming 明(～朝,～代) | 1368 – 1644CE | ||||
| Qing 清(～朝,～代) | 1636 – 1912CE | ||||
Rebracketing of the reading ofChing, which is a nonstandard romanisation of師兄 /师兄(si1 hing1).
清
| 清 | |
| 淸 |
(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji,kyūjitai form淸)
(Can weverify(+) this pronunciation?)
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 清 |
| しん Grade: 4 |
| tōon |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 淸(kyūjitai) |
Borrowing fromMandarinChinese清(qīng, literally“bright,clear”).
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 清 |
| せい Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 淸(kyūjitai) |
FromMiddle Chinese清 (MC tshjeng).
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 清 |
| さや Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 淸(kyūjitai) 明 |
FromOld Japanese, first attested in theKojiki (712CE).
Stem of清か(sayaka,“bright,clear”).
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 清 |
| さやか Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 淸(kyūjitai) |
Nominalization of清か(sayaka,“bright,clear”).
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 清 |
| きよし Grade: 4 |
| nanori |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 淸(kyūjitai) |
From classical adjective清し(kiyoshi), modern清い(kiyoi,“clear”).
清:Hán Nôm readings:thanh,thảnh,thênh,thinh
{{rfdef}}.