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淨

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:凈,浄,and净

淨	U+6DE8,淨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6DE8

←淧
[U+6DE7]

CJK Unified Ideographs

淩 →
[U+6DE9]

Translingual

[edit]

Traditional	淨
Shinjitai	浄
Simplified	净

Kangxi Dictionary:page 630, character 27
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17669
Dae Jaweon: page 1033, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition):not present, would follow volume 3, page 1655, character 2
Unihan data for U+6DE8

Chinese

[edit]

trad.		淨/凈^/净^
simp.		净^*
alternative forms		浄㵾／𪷍瀞𩓞

Glyph origin

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Characters in the samephonetic series (爭)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
琤	sʰraːŋ, sʰreːŋ
崢	zraːŋ, zreːŋ
鬇	zraːŋ, zreːŋ
爭	*ʔsreːŋ
箏	*ʔsreːŋ
猙	ʔsreːŋ, zeŋʔ
埩	ʔsreːŋ, zreːŋ
諍	*ʔsreːŋs
凈	*sʰreːŋ
錚	*sʰreːŋ
棦	*sʰreːŋ
竫	*zreŋʔ
睜	*zeŋʔ
淨	*zeŋs

Etymology 1

[edit]

Likely related to清 (OC*sʰleŋ, “clean, pure”); see there for more.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin):jìng (jing⁴)
(Zhuyin):ㄐㄧㄥˋ
(Xi'an,Guanzhong Pinyin):jīng
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):zing⁶ /zeng⁶
(Taishan,Wiktionary):den⁵ / diang⁵
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):chhiang
(Hailu,HRS):ciang^˖
(Meixian,Guangdong):qiang⁴
Jin(Wiktionary):jing³
Eastern Min(BUC):ciâng / cêng
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):zing⁵ / zyor⁵ / zoe⁵ / zyann⁵ / ziann⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):chēng /chiāⁿ /chīⁿ
(Teochew,Peng'im):zêng⁶
Wu(Wugniu)
- (Northern):⁶zhin /⁶zin /⁶jin /⁴jin /⁶gnin /⁵gnin
- (Jinhua):⁶zin
Xiang(Changsha,Wiktionary):zin⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:jìng
  - Zhuyin:ㄐㄧㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:jìng
  - Wade–Giles:ching⁴
  - Yale:jìng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:jinq
  - Palladius:цзин(czin)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin:jīng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:zing⁶ / zeng⁶
  - Yale:jihng / jehng
  - Cantonese Pinyin:dzing⁶ / dzeng⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization:jing⁶ / zéng⁶
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sɪŋ²²/, /t͡sɛːŋ²²/

Note:

zing6 - literary;
zeng6 - vernacular.

(Taishanese,Taicheng)
- Wiktionary:den⁵ / diang⁵
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/ten³²/, /tiaŋ³²/

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:chhiang
  - Hakka Romanization System:qiang
  - Hagfa Pinyim:qiang⁴
  - SinologicalIPA:/t͡sʰi̯aŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl.Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System:ciang^˖
  - SinologicalIPA:/t͡sʰiaŋ³³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong:qiang⁴
  - SinologicalIPA:/t͡ɕʰiaŋ⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary:jing³
  - SinologicalIPA (old-style):/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:ciâng / cêng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡siɑŋ²⁴²/, /t͡sɛiŋ²⁴²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian,Jiangkou,Nanri,Donghai)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:zing⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:cīng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡siŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou,Youyang,Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:zing⁵
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡siŋ²¹/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:zyor⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:ciō̤ⁿ
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡syɒ¹¹/
- (Jiangkou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:zoe⁵
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sœ¹¹/
- (Xianyou,Youyang)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:zyann⁵
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sỹã²¹/
- (Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:ziann⁵
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sĩã²¹/

Note:

zing5 - literary;
zyor5/zoe5/zyann5/ziann5 - vernacular (e.g.淨公).

Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:chēng
  - Tâi-lô:tsīng
  - Phofsit Daibuun:zeng
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei,Kaohsiung):/t͡siɪŋ³³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou):/t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Zhangzhou):/t͡siɪŋ²²/
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:chiāⁿ
  - Tâi-lô:tsiānn
  - Phofsit Daibuun:cvia
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou):/t͡siã⁴¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei,Kaohsiung):/t͡siã³³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Zhangzhou):/t͡siã²²/
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Zhangzhou,GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:chīⁿ
  - Tâi-lô:tsīnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun:cvi
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Zhangzhou):/t͡sĩ²²/
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei,Kaohsiung):/t͡sĩ³³/

Note:

chēng - literary;
chiāⁿ - vernacular (“painted-face role”);
chīⁿ - vernacular (limited, e.g.尖淨).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im:zêng⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:tsĕng
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡seŋ³⁵/

Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai,Chongming,Ningbo,Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu:⁶zhin
  - MiniDict:zhin^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):³xxin
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/ʑin²³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Chongming):/ɕʑin³¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Ningbo):/ʑiŋ¹¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhoushan):/ʑiŋ¹³/
- (Northern:Jiading,Songjiang,Suzhou,Changzhou)
  - Wugniu:⁶zin
  - MiniDict:zin^去
  - SinologicalIPA (Jiading):/ziŋ¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Songjiang):/ziŋ¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Suzhou):/zin²³¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Changzhou):/ziŋ²⁴/
- (Northern:Chongming,Jiaxing,Hangzhou,Fuyang)
  - Wugniu:⁶jin
  - MiniDict:jin^去
  - SinologicalIPA (Chongming):/d͡ʑin³¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Jiaxing):/d͡ʑin¹¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Hangzhou):/d͡ʑin¹¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Fuyang):/d͡ʑiŋ²¹²/
- (Northern:Shaoxing)
  - Wugniu:⁴jin
  - MiniDict:jin^上
  - SinologicalIPA (Shaoxing):/d͡ʑiŋ¹¹³/
- (Northern:Chongming)
  - Wugniu:⁶gnin
  - MiniDict:nyin^去
  - SinologicalIPA (Chongming):/ɦn̠ʲin³¹³/
- (Northern:Fuyang)
  - Wugniu:⁵gnin
  - SinologicalIPA (Fuyang):/n̠ʲiŋ³³⁵/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu:⁶zin
  - SinologicalIPA (Jinhua):/ziŋ¹⁴/

Note: gnin - used in乾淨.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary:zin⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key) (old-style):/t͡sin⁴⁵/
  - SinologicalIPA^(key) (new-style):/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese:dzjengH

Rime
Character	淨
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	清 (121)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	疾政切
Baxter	dzjengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ziᴇŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ziɛŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ziæŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ziajŋ^H/
Li Rong	/d͡ziɛŋ^H/
Wang Li	/d͡zĭɛŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi̯ɛŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zing⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*N-tseŋ-s/, /*m-tseŋ-s/
(Zhengzhang):/*zeŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	淨	淨
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìng	jìng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzjeng^H ›	‹ dzjeng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*N-tseŋ-s/	/*m-tseŋ-s/
English	clean (adj.)	cleanse (v.t.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	淨
Reading #	1/1
No.	17157
Phonetic component	争
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	淨
Old Chinese	/*zeŋs/
Notes	見墨子，說文靜聲

Definitions

[edit]

淨

clean;unspoilt
把衣服洗淨／把衣服洗净 ― bǎ yīfú xǐjìng ― to wash clothes clean
(Cantonese)pure; with nothing else
一碗淨麵／一碗净面[Cantonese] ― jat¹ wun²zing⁶ min⁶[Jyutping] ― a bowl of noodles with nothing else
toclean; tocleanse
finished; with nothingleft
(of an amount)net
Antonym:毛(máo)
淨利／净利 ― jìnglì ― net income; net profit
only;merely;nothing but
你別淨說好聽的。[MSC,trad.]
你别净说好听的。[MSC,simp.]
Nǐ biéjìng shuō hǎotīng de.[Pinyin]
Don't say only good things.
呢間壽司鋪淨做外賣，唔做堂食。[Cantonese,trad.]
呢间寿司铺净做外卖，唔做堂食。[Cantonese,simp.]
nei¹ gaan¹ sau⁶ si¹ pou^3-2zing⁶ zou⁶ ngoi⁶ maai⁶, m⁴ zou⁶ tong⁴ sik⁶.[Jyutping]
This sushi restaurantonly does take-out and not dine-in.
- 1903,吳啟太,應對須知, in粵音指南, volume 1, Hong Kong:聚珍書樓, translation of官話指南:
  係做木匠、在前開過一間細木舖、後來亦關唨咯、而家靜靠同人做工夫嚟過日子、[Cantonese,trad.]
  系做木匠、在前开过一间细木铺、后来亦关唨咯、而家静靠同人做工夫嚟过日子、[Cantonese,simp.]
  hai⁶ zou⁶ muk⁶ zoeng^6-2, zoi⁶ cin⁴ hoi¹ gwo³ jat¹ gaan¹ sai³ muk⁶ pou^3-2, hau⁶ loi⁴ jik⁶ gwaan¹ zo² lo³, ji⁴ gaa¹zing⁶ kaau³ tung⁴ jan⁴ zou⁶ gung¹ fu¹ lai⁴ gwo³ jat⁶ zi²,[Jyutping]
  He used to work as a woodworker; he had operated a small wood shop, and later closed it as well; currently heonly relies on working for other people to make a living.
(Cantonese)alternative form of剩(“to be left; to remain”)
all;all the time
(opera)painted-face role

Synonyms

[edit]

(only; merely):只 (zhǐ),單／单 (dān),(Cantonese)淨係／净系 (zing6 hai6),齋／斋 (zaai1)
(painted-face role):

Dialectal synonyms of淨角 (“painted-face role”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)		淨,淨角
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	花臉兒,花臉
Northeastern Mandarin	Harbin	花臉
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	淨,花臉
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai(Muping)	花臉
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	黑頭
	Wanrong	花臉
	Xi'an	花臉
	Xuzhou	花臉
Lanyin Mandarin	Lanzhou	花臉
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	花臉
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	花臉
	Wuhan	花臉
	Guiyang	花臉,大花臉
	Liuzhou	淨角,花臉
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	花臉
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	花臉
Cantonese	Dongguan	大花面
Gan	Nanchang	大花臉
	Lichuan	花面
	Pingxiang	花臉
Hakka	Meixian	淨
Hakka	Yudu	大花面
Jin	Xinzhou	唱黑哩
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	花面
Southern Min	Xiamen	花面,大淨,淨
	Jinjiang	花面
	Zhangzhou	大淨
Southern Pinghua	Nanning(Tingzi)	花面,大花面
Wu	Shanghai	大花面
	Suzhou	大面
	Danyang	大面
	Hangzhou	大花臉,大面
	Ningbo	大花臉
	Jinhua	大花面
Xiang	Changsha	花臉

Compounds

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Etymology 2

[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of淨 – see埩 (“moat around the gate of the capital of ancient state of Lu”).
(This character is a variant form of埩).

Etymology 3

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Southern Min(Teochew,Peng'im):zêng⁶

Southern Min
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im:zêng⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:tsĕng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡seŋ³⁵/

Definitions

[edit]

淨(Teochew)

tochase
todrive away; tochase away

References

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“淨”, in漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1],香港中文大學 (theChinese University of Hong Kong),2014–
李如龙[Li, Ru-long];刘福铸[Liu, Fu-zhu];吴华英[Wu, Hua-ying];黄国城[Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “净”, in莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min),Xiamen University Press,→ISBN, page271.