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• 波斯

Borrowed fromOld Persian𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿(Pārsa) (alternatively, from aSogdian term); first used during theNorthern Wei dynasty to refer to theSasanian Empire.^[1]

波斯

1. (historical)Persia

   • 波斯國，都宿利城，在忸密西，古條支國也。[Literary Chinese,trad.]
     波斯国，都宿利城，在忸密西，古条支国也。[Literary Chinese,simp.]

     From:c. 551-554, 魏書 (Book of Wei) byWei Shou,卷一百二　列傳第九十　(西域) (Volume 102, Biographies 90: Western Regions)

     Bōsī guó, dōu Sùlì chéng, zài Niǔmì xī, gǔ Tiáozhī guó yě.[Pinyin]

     The state ofPersia [Sasanian Empire]: its capital isIstakhr. It is located west of Niumi [in theAnxi Protectorate]. It was formerly the state of Tiaozhi [perhapsSeleucia].

   • 極惡風俗，婚姻交雜。納母及姊妹為妻。波斯國亦納母為妻。[Literary Chinese,trad.]
     极恶风俗，婚姻交杂。纳母及姊妹为妻。波斯国亦纳母为妻。[Literary Chinese,simp.]

     From:c. 728,《往五天竺國傳》 (Account of the Journey to the Five Indias)

     Jí'è fēngsú, hūnyīn jiāozá. Nà mǔ jí zǐmèi wéi qī.Bōsī guó yì nà mǔ wéi qī.[Pinyin]

     An extremely evil custom [in these lands] is that their marriage practices are filthy. They take their mother and sisters as wives. In the country ofPersia, they also take their mothers as wives.

• 伊朗 (Yīlǎng)

FromMiddle Chinese波斯 (MC pa sje), ultimately fromOld Persian𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿(Pārsa).

First cited to theUtsubo Monogatari of the late 900s.^[1]

• IPA^(key):[ha̠ɕi]

波(は)斯(し)• (Hashi) 

1. [from late 900s](archaic, possiblyobsolete)Persia, especially ancient Persia

Usage might be restricted to contexts about ancient China.^[2]

Borrowed fromDutchPerzië(“Persia”) during theEdo period.^[1][2]

First cited in 1708.^[1]

• IPA^(key):[ha̠ɾɯ̟ɕa̠]

波斯(ハルシャ)or波斯(ハルシア)• (HarushaorHarushia) 

1. [from 1708](historical,Edo)Persia

Borrowed fromEnglishPersia.^[1][2][3]

First cited in 1839.^[1]

• (Tokyo)ぺるしゃ[péꜜrùshà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2][3]
• IPA^(key):[pe̞ɾɯ̟ɕa̠]

波斯(ペルシャ)or波斯(ペルシア)• (PerushaorPerushia) 

1. [from 1839]Persia

• The kanji spelling波斯 is uncommon in modern usage.
• Both formsペルシャ(Perusha) andペルシア(Perushia) are attested. The former is preferred in various resources.^[1][2][3]

波斯

1. chữ Hán form ofBa Tư
   1. Persia
   2. (dated)Iran (acountry inWest Asia in theMiddle East)

• Chinese terms borrowed from Old Persian
• Chinese terms derived from Old Persian
• Chinese lemmas
• Mandarin lemmas
• Cantonese lemmas
• Hokkien lemmas
• Middle Chinese lemmas
• Chinese proper nouns
• Mandarin proper nouns
• Cantonese proper nouns
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• Middle Chinese proper nouns
• Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
• Chinese terms spelled with 波
• Chinese terms spelled with 斯
• Chinese terms with historical senses
• Literary Chinese terms with quotations
• Japanese terms spelled with 波 read as は
• Japanese terms spelled with 斯 read as し
• Japanese terms read with on'yomi
• Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
• Japanese terms derived from Old Persian
• Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
• Japanese lemmas
• Japanese proper nouns
• Japanese terms with multiple readings
• Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
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• Japanese terms with 2 kanji
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• Japanese terms spelled with 波
• Japanese terms spelled with 斯
• Japanese terms read with jukujikun
• Japanese terms borrowed from Dutch
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• Edo Japanese
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• Vietnamese lemmas
• Vietnamese proper nouns
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• Vietnamese Chữ Hán
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• vi:Iran
• vi:Countries in Asia
• vi:Persia

• Japanese links with redundant wikilinks
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• Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations
• Pages with entries
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• Vietnamese terms with redundant script codes
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• Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent
• Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys