沙 (Kangxi radical 85,水+4, 7 strokes,cangjie input水火竹 (EFH),four-corner39120,composition⿰氵少)
- 唦, 挱, 猀, 逤, 桫, 䤬, 鯋, 乷, 娑, 挲, 桬, 㲚, 㸺, 硰, 裟, 䣉, 鯊, 鲨, 莎, 髿, 痧, 閯
Additional Derived Characters
- 𠈱, 𢇄, 𣮅, 𭴲, 𥇇, 𦀛, 𬠋, 𣻅, 𱋘, 𰾈, 𩊮, 𩳑, 𲍔, 𪌮, 𬇭, 𪶼, 𣾾, 𩣠, 𰝥
- 𪟜, 𡋷, 𭃹, 𥁲, 𥆝, 𣹇, 𰈌, 𦀟, 𧋊, 𩣟, 𬷙, 𬕍, 𡱳, 𮮋, 𬮪, 𦹈, 𭭰
- Kangxi Dictionary:page 611, character 21
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17212
- Dae Jaweon: page 1005, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1562, character 9
- Unihan data for U+6C99
Wikipedia has articles on:
- 沙(Written Standard Chinese?)
- 沙(Cantonese)
放大顯示的沙子，本為一平方釐米 | Old Chinese |
|---|
| 硰 | *ʔsaːlʔ, *sʰaːlʔ, *sraːl |
| 娑 | *saːl, *saːlʔ |
| 挱 | *saːl, *sraːl |
| 挲 | *saːl |
| 桫 | *saːl |
| 渻 | *saːl, *sreŋʔ, *seŋʔ |
| 沙 | *sraːl, *sraːls |
| 紗 | *sraːl |
| 砂 | *sraːl |
| 鯊 | *sraːl |
| 裟 | *sraːl |
| 桬 | *sraːl |
| 髿 | *sraːl, *soːl |
| 魦 | *sraːl, *soːl |
| 莎 | *soːl |
| 莏 | *soːl |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 水(“water”) + 少(“to lack; to be short of”).
FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*s(r)aj(“earth, sand”). CompareTibetanས(sa,“sand”) andBurmeseသဲ(sai:,“sand”).
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Pinyin):shā (sha1)
- (Zhuyin):ㄕㄚ
- (Chengdu,Sichuanese Pinyin):sa1
- (Xi'an,Guanzhong Pinyin):sǎ
- (Nanjing,Nanjing Pinyin):shà
- (Dungan,Cyrillic andWiktionary):са (sa, I)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):saa1
- (Dongguan,Jyutping++):saa1
- (Taishan,Wiktionary):sa1
- (Yangjiang,Jyutping++):saa1
- Gan(Wiktionary):sa1
- Hakka
- (Sixian,PFS):sâ
- (Hailu,HRS):saˋ
- (Meixian,Guangdong):sa1
- (Changting, Changting Pinyin):sa1
- Jin(Wiktionary):sa1
- Northern Min(KCR):suói / sá
- Eastern Min(BUC):săi / să
- Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):sua1 / suo1 / sa1
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien,POJ):soa /se /sa /see
- (Teochew,Peng'im):sua1 / sa1
- (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin):sua1 / sa1
- Southern Pinghua(Nanning,Jyutping++):saa1
- Wu(Wugniu)
- Xiang(Changsha,Wiktionary):sa1
Note:
- suói - vernacular;
- sá - literary.
Note:
- săi - vernacular;
- să - literary.
Note:
- sua1/suo1 - vernacular;
- sa1 - literary.
Note:
- soa, se - vernacular;
- sa/see - literary.
Note:
- sua1 - vernacular;
- sa1 - literary.
- (Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin:sua1 / sa1
- SinologicalIPA:/sua³⁵/, /sa³⁵/
Note:
- sua1 - vernacular;
- sa1 - literary.
- Southern Pinghua
- Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai,Jiading,Songjiang,Chongming,Suzhou,Changzhou,Jiaxing,Shaoxing,Ningbo,Zhoushan)
- (Northern:Shanghai,Songjiang,Hangzhou,Zhoushan)
- (Jinhua)
Note:
- 1so/1sua - vernacular;
- 1sa - literary.
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) |
|---|
| Character | 沙 |
|---|
| Reading # | 1/1 |
|---|
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) | shā |
|---|
Middle
Chinese | ‹ sræ › |
|---|
Old
Chinese | /*sˁraj/ |
|---|
| English | sand |
|---|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) |
|---|
| Character | 沙 | 沙 |
|---|
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
|---|
| No. | 11025 | 11035 |
|---|
Phonetic
component | 沙 | 沙 |
|---|
Rime
group | 歌 | 歌 |
|---|
Rime
subdivision | 1 | 1 |
|---|
Corresponding
MC rime | 鯊 | 嗄 |
|---|
Old
Chinese | /*sraːl/ | /*sraːls/ |
|---|
沙
- sand(Classifier:粒cmn)
- 泥沙 ― níshā ― silt
- 沙漠 ― shāmò ― desert
- (usually used in place names)shoal
- somethinggranular
- 豆沙 ― dòushā ― bean paste, especiallyred bean paste
- mushy andrough (assand), texture of a watermelon of good quality.
- 沙瓤 ― shāráng ― mushy watermelon pulp, Refers to the watermelon when the flesh becomes loose and fine-grained
- 沙梨 ― shālí ― Pyruspyrifolia
- 西沙瓜 ― xīshāguā ― alternative of硒砂瓜(xīshāguā)
- (of a voice)hoarse;husky
- 沙啞／沙哑 ― shāyǎ ― hoarse
叫到把聲沙嗮[Cantonese,trad.]
叫到把声沙嗮[Cantonese,simp.]- giu3 dou3 baa2 seng1saa1 saai3[Jyutping]
- shout so much that one's voice is allhoarse
- (obsolete) thenumber 10−8
- short for沙皇 (shāhuáng)
- 沙俄 ― Shā'é ― Russian Empire
- (Malaysia, Singapore)short for沙巴 (Shābā, “Sabah”)
- (Mainland China)short for沙特阿拉伯 (Shātè Ālābó, “Saudi Arabia”)
- (Hong Kong)short for沙田 (shātián, “Sha Tin”)
- asurname
- (Hong Kong)short for長沙灣／长沙湾 (Chángshāwān, “Cheung Sha Wan”)
Dialectal synonyms of
沙子 (“sand”)
[map]| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|
| Classical Chinese | 沙 |
|---|
| Formal(Written Standard Chinese) | 沙子,沙粒,沙礫 |
|---|
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 沙子 |
|---|
| Taiwan | 沙子 |
| Chengde | 沙子 |
| Chifeng | 沙子 |
| Hulunbuir(Hailar) | 沙子 |
| Heihe | 沙子 |
| Qiqihar | 沙子 |
| Harbin | 沙子 |
| Wuchang(Yingchengzi) | 沙子 |
| Jiamusi | 沙子 |
| Baicheng | 沙子 |
| Changchun | 沙子 |
| Tonghua | 沙子 |
| Shenyang | 沙子,沙 |
| Jinzhou | 沙子 |
| Olginsky(Mikhaylovka) | 沙子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 沙子 |
|---|
| Tangshan | 沙子,沙 |
| Cangzhou | 沙子 |
| Xianxian(Xiaoying) | 沙子 |
| Baoding | 沙子 |
| Shijiazhuang | 沙子 |
| Lijin | 沙子 |
| Jinan | 沙子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 沙子 |
|---|
| Dandong | 沙子 |
| Yantai | 沙 |
| Yantai(Muping) | 沙 |
| Qingdao | 沙子,沙 |
| Zhucheng | 沙子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 沙 |
|---|
| Jining | 沙土,沙 |
| Wanrong | 沙 |
| Linfen | 沙子 |
| Shangqiu | 沙子,沙 |
| Yuanyang | 沙 |
| Zhengzhou | 沙 |
| Xinyang | 沙子兒,沙 |
| Baihe | 沙子,沙 |
| Xi'an | 沙子,沙 |
| Dingbian | 沙子 |
| Baoji | 沙子,沙 |
| Tianshui | 沙石 |
| Xining | 沙子 |
| Xuzhou | 沙子 |
| Fuyang | 沙子 |
| Qimen(Anling; Junhua) | 沙子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 沙子,沙 |
|---|
| Lanzhou | 沙子,沙 |
| Dunhuang | 沙子 |
| Hami | 沙子 |
| Ürümqi | 沙子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 沙子,沙,河沙 |
|---|
| Nanchong | 沙子,沙 |
| Dazhou | 沙,河沙 |
| Hanyuan | 沙子 |
| Xichang | 沙子,沙 |
| Zigong | 沙 |
| Chongqing | 沙 |
| Wuhan | 沙,沙子 |
| Yichang | 沙子 |
| Xiangyang | 沙 |
| Tianmen | 沙子,沙 |
| Guiyang | 沙,沙子,沙沙 |
| Zunyi | 沙子 |
| Bijie | 沙子 |
| Liping | 沙子 |
| Zhaotong | 沙 |
| Dali | 沙子 |
| Kunming | 沙 |
| Mengzi | 沙子,沙垃 |
| Guilin | 沙子 |
| Guilin(Lingui) | 沙子 |
| Liuzhou | 沙子,沙 |
| Liuzhou(Luorong) | 沙子 |
| Nanning(Wuming) | 沙子,沙,河沙 |
| Hechi(Yizhou) | 沙子 |
| Luocheng(Dongmen) | 沙子 |
| Tianlin(Langping) | 沙子 |
| Jishou | 沙子,沙 |
| Changde | 沙 |
| Hanzhong | 沙子,沙 |
| Dagudi(Maliba) | 沙子 |
| Reshuitang(Longling) | 沙子 |
| Mae Salong(Lancang) | 沙子 |
| Mae Sai(Tengchong) | 沙子 |
| Oudomxay | 沙 |
| Pematangsiantar | 泥沙 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 沙子,沙 |
|---|
| Yangzhou | 沙子,沙 |
| Lianyungang | 沙 |
| Lianshui | 沙子 |
| Nantong | 沙子 |
| Anqing | 沙 |
| Wuhu | 沙 |
| Hefei | 沙子,沙 |
| Hong'an | 沙 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 沙 |
|---|
| Hong Kong | 沙 |
| Hong Kong(San Tin; Weitou) | 沙,泥沙 |
| Hong Kong(Kam Tin; Weitou) | 沙 |
| Hong Kong(Ting Kok) | 沙公 |
| Hong Kong(Tung Ping Chau) | 沙公 |
| Macau | 沙 |
| Guangzhou(Panyu) | 沙 |
| Guangzhou(Huashan, Huadu) | 沙 |
| Guangzhou(Conghua) | 沙 |
| Guangzhou(Zengcheng) | 沙 |
| Foshan | 沙 |
| Foshan(Shatou, Nanhai) | 沙 |
| Foshan(Shunde) | 沙 |
| Foshan(Sanshui) | 沙 |
| Foshan(Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 沙 |
| Zhongshan(Shiqi) | 沙 |
| Zhuhai(Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 沙 |
| Zhuhai(Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 沙 |
| Zhuhai(Doumen) | 沙 |
| Jiangmen(Baisha) | 沙 |
| Jiangmen(Xinhui) | 沙 |
| Taishan | 沙 |
| Taishan(Guanghai) | 沙 |
| Kaiping(Chikan) | 沙 |
| Enping(Niujiang) | 沙 |
| Heshan(Yayao) | 沙 |
| Dongguan | 沙 |
| Shenzhen(Shajing, Bao'an) | 沙 |
| Yangjiang | 沙 |
| Nanning | 沙 |
| Yulin | 沙 |
| Guiping | 沙 |
| Guiping(Jintian) | 沙 |
| Guiping(Jiangkou) | 沙 |
| Guiping(Madong) | 沙 |
| Mengshan(Xihe) | 沙 |
| Guigang(Nanjiang) | 沙 |
| Beiliu(Tangliao) | 沙 |
| Baise | 沙 |
| Bobai | 沙 |
| Lingshan | 沙 |
| Pubei | 沙 |
| Qinzhou | 沙 |
| Qinzhou(Changtan) | 沙子 |
| Qinzhou(Xiniujiao) | 沙 |
| Beihai | 沙,沙子,泥沙 |
| Beihai(Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 沙 |
| Beihai(Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 沙 |
| Ningming | 沙 |
| Hengzhou | 沙 |
| Hezhou(Pumen, Babu) | 沙 |
| Fangchenggang(Fangcheng) | 沙 |
| Chongzuo(Laituan) | 沙 |
| Fusui(Qujiu) | 沙 |
| Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu) | 沙 |
| Ho Chi Minh City(Guangfu) | 沙 |
| Móng Cái | 沙 |
| Mandalay(Taishan) | 沙 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 沙子,沙 |
|---|
| Pengze | 沙子 |
| Lichuan | 沙子,沙 |
| Pingxiang | 沙子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 沙仔,沙 |
|---|
| Huizhou(Huicheng; Bendihua) | 泥沙 |
| Dongguan(Qingxi) | 沙 |
| Shenzhen(Shatoujiao) | 沙 |
| Zhongshan(Nanlang Heshui) | 沙公 |
| Guangzhou(Lütian, Conghua) | 沙 |
| Yudu | 沙子 |
| Miaoli(N. Sixian) | 沙仔 |
| Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian) | 沙仔 |
| Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu) | 沙仔 |
| Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu) | 沙 |
| Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping) | 沙仔,沙 |
| Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 沙 |
| Hong Kong | 沙公 |
| Beiliu(Tang'an) | 沙 |
| Beiliu(Gonghe, Xilang) | 沙,沙公 |
| Xingye(Gaofeng) | 沙 |
| Mashan(Pianlian) | 沙 |
| Guilin(Xiaojiang, Lingui) | 沙子 |
| Lipu(Shuangduitun) | 沙 |
| Pingle(Tong'an) | 沙公,沙子 |
| Yangshuo(Jinbao) | 沙子 |
| Senai(Huiyang) | 沙 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 沙 |
|---|
| Shexian | 沙,石沙 |
| Qimen(Anling; Minhua) | 沙 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 沙子 |
|---|
| Yangyuan | 沙子,沙 |
| Datong | 沙子 |
| Xinzhou | 沙子,沙 |
| Lüliang(Lishi) | 沙子,沙 |
| Changzhi | 沙子,沙 |
| Linhe | 沙子 |
| Jining | 沙子 |
| Hohhot | 沙子,沙 |
| Erenhot | 沙子 |
| Pingshan | 沙 |
| Zhangjiakou | 沙子 |
| Handan | 沙子 |
| Linzhou | 沙 |
| Suide | 沙 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 沙 |
|---|
| Pucheng(Shibei) | 沙 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 沙 |
|---|
| Gutian | 沙 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 沙 |
|---|
| Quanzhou | 沙 |
| Zhangzhou | 沙 |
| Manila(Hokkien) | 沙 |
| Pingnan(Shangdu) | 沙 |
| Pingnan(Pingtian) | 沙 |
| Guiping(Xiaowen) | 沙 |
| Guiping(Dongsheng) | 沙 |
| Guilin(Biyange) | 沙塗 |
| Chaozhou | 沙 |
| Jieyang | 沙 |
| Bangkok(Teochew) | 沙 |
| Haikou | 沙,塗沙 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 沙,塗沙 |
|---|
| Putian(Donghai, Chengxiang) | 沙 |
| Putian(Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 沙 |
| Putian(Nanri, Xiuyu) | 沙,塗沙 |
| Xianyou | 沙,塗沙 |
| Xianyou(Fengting) | 沙,塗沙 |
| Xianyou(Youyang) | 沙,塗沙 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 沙 |
|---|
| Nanping(Wangtai, Yanping) | 沙 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan(Longdu, Shaxi) | 塗沙,沙 |
|---|
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning(Tingzi) | 沙 |
|---|
| Nanning(Shajing) | 沙 |
| Nanning(Gejiayuan) | 沙 |
| Nanning(Zhegulu) | 沙 |
| Nanning(Silian) | 沙 |
| Nanning(Xiuxiang) | 沙子 |
| Binyang | 沙子 |
| Chongzuo(Laituan) | 沙 |
| Liucheng(Yangmei) | 沙 |
| Luocheng(Niubi) | 沙 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin(Chaoyang) | 沙子 |
|---|
| Guilin(Zhuyuan) | 沙子 |
| Guilin(Wutong, Lingui) | 沙,沙子 |
| Guilin(Liutang, Lingui) | 沙子 |
| Lingchuan(Sanjie) | 沙哩 |
| Lingchuan(Tanxia) | 沙 |
| Lingchuan(Shuangzhou) | 沙哩 |
| Guanyang(Guanyinge) | 沙子 |
| Yangshuo(Jima) | 沙子 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang(Gaofeng) | 沙子 |
|---|
| Yuanling(Shaojiwan) | 沙子 |
| Luxi(Liangjiatan) | 沙子 |
| Chengbu(Xuntou) | 沙子 |
| Wu | Shanghai(Chongming) | 沙 |
|---|
| Suzhou | 沙,河沙 |
| Danyang | 沙 |
| Hangzhou | 沙子 |
| Shaoxing | 沙 |
| Wenzhou | 沙 |
| Jinhua | 沙 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 沙子,沙婆子,沙婆 |
|---|
| Shuangfeng | 沙子 |
| Quanzhou | 沙子 |
| Guanyang(Wenshi) | 沙子 |
| Chinese historical small numbers |
|---|
| Value | Character | Notes |
|---|
| 10-1 | 分(fèn) | Still in use. SI prefixdeci-. |
| 10-2 | 厘(lí),釐(lí) | Still in use. SI prefixcenti-. |
| 10-3 | 毫(háo) | Still in use. SI prefixmilli-. Also毛(máo). |
| 10-4 | 絲 /丝(sī) | Rarely used today. |
| 秒(miǎo) | Obsolete, only in ancient texts. |
| 10-5 | 忽(hū) | Rarely used today. |
| 10-6 | 微(wēi) | Still in use. SI prefixmicro-. |
| 10-7 | 纖 /纤(xiān) | Obsolete. |
| 10-8 | 沙(shā) | Obsolete. |
| 10-9 | 塵 /尘(chén) | Obsolete.納 /纳(nà) and奈(nài) are used fornano-. |
| 10-10 | 埃(āi) | Obsolete. In modern use, the character forangstrom (10-10 m). |
| 10-11 | 渺(miǎo) | Obsolete. |
| 10-12 | 漠(mò) | Obsolete.皮(pí) is used for SI prefixpico-. |
沙
- (dialectal) toshake in order togatherimpurities to beremoved
沙
- (alt. form娑) totwirl; towhirl
- (alt. form挲) tofondle; tocaress
For pronunciation and definitions of沙 – see砂.
(This character is the second-round simplified form of砂). |
| Notes: |
沙
(Jōyō kanji)
| For pronunciation and definitions of沙 – see the following entry. |
|
| (This term,沙, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
FromMiddle Chinese沙 (MC srae).
沙or沙• (shaorsa)
- onehundredmillionth (1 in 100,000,000)
FromMiddle Chinese沙 (MC srae|sraeH). Recorded asMiddle Korean사(sa) (Yale:sa) inHunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
沙 (eumhun모래사(morae sa))
- hanja form? of사(“sand”)
- Synonym:砂(사(sa))
- 백사장 (白沙場,baeksajang, “sandybeach”)
- 사공 (沙工,sagong)
- 사구 (沙丘,sagu)
- 사기 (沙器,sagi)
- 사막 (沙漠,samak, “desert”)
- 사발 (沙鉢,sabal)
- 사암 (沙巖,saam)
- 사탕 (沙糖,satang)
- 사태 (沙汰,satae)
- 사포 (沙布,sapo)
- 산사태 (山沙汰,sansatae, “landslide”)
- 토사 (土沙,tosa)
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전／電子字典.[3]
沙:Hán Nôm readings:sa
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
- Nom Foundation
- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville
