Stroke order

Stroke order

See images of永
(radical 85 + 1)

永 (Kangxi radical 85,水+1, 5 strokes,cangjie input戈弓水 (INE),four-corner3023₂,composition⿱丶⿲㇇𠃌⿺㇏丿)

• 咏,怺,泳,昹,栐,脉,眿,䘑,詠(𰵞),昶,㫤,羕

• Kangxi Dictionary:page 603, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17088
• Dae Jaweon: page 996, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1546, character 3
• Unihan data for U+6C38

Historical forms of the character永
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)	Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) of a long river withtributaries. Cognate with𠂢,派.

Alternatively, pictogram (象形) of a person swimming in the water. Original form of泳 (OC*ɢʷraŋs).

Uncertain.

• STEDT compares永 (OC*ɢʷraŋʔ) to provisionalProto-Lolo-Burmese meso-root*ʔ-m(y)aŋ¹/³;
• Bodman (1980) derived永 (OC*ɢʷraŋʔ) fromProto-Sino-Tibetan*wrjaŋ & considered it cognate withLepchaᰝᰥᰤᰰ(hryăn) as well asTibetanརྒྱོང་བ(rgyong ba,“to extend; to stretch”) andརྒྱང་མ(rgyang ma,“distance”);
• Schuessler (2007) considered to be unclear any connection with泂 (OC*ɡʷeːŋʔ) andTibetanརིང(ring,“to be tall, long”),Western Tamangrehng pā(“to be long”),Burmeseရှည်(hrany,“to be long”), (all fromProto-Sino-Tibetan*s-r(i/u)ŋ(“to be long, to elongate”)) &Proto-Loloish*s/m-riŋ(“long (adv.)”); so Schuessler compared永 (OC*ɢʷraŋʔ) toKhmerវែង(vɛɛng,“long”) andKhmerបង្វែង(bɑngvaeng,“to prolong, divert, mislead, deceive”) (both fromProto-Mon-Khmer*waiŋ(“long”)).

永

1. perpetual;eternal;permanent;forever

   • 貞：今日王永。[Pre-Classical Chinese,trad.]
     贞：今日王永。[Pre-Classical Chinese,simp.]

     From:合27827

     Zhēn: jīnrì wángyǒng.[Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 投我以木李、報之以瓊玖。匪報也、永以為好也。[Pre-Classical Chinese,trad.]
     投我以木李、报之以琼玖。匪报也、永以为好也。[Pre-Classical Chinese,simp.]

     From: TheClassic of Poetry,c. 11^th – 7^th centuriesBCE, translated based onJames Legge's version

     Tóu wǒ yǐ mùlǐ, bào zhī yǐ qióngjiǔ. Fěi bào yě,yǒng yǐ wèi hǎo yě.[Pinyin]

     There was presented to me a plum, and I returned for it a beautifuljiu gem; not as a return for it, but that our friendship might belasting.

2. long (space or time)

   • 漢之廣矣、不可泳思。江之永矣、不可方思。[Pre-Classical Chinese,trad.]
     汉之广矣、不可泳思。江之永矣、不可方思。[Pre-Classical Chinese,simp.]

     From: TheClassic of Poetry,c. 11^th – 7^th centuriesBCE, translated based onJames Legge's version

     Hàn zhī guǎng yǐ, bùkě yǒng sī. Jiāng zhīyǒng yǐ, bùkě fāng sī.[Pinyin]

     The breath of the Han [river] cannot be dived across; thelength of the Jiang [river] cannot be navigated with a raft.

3. toprolong; tolengthen

   • 皎皎白駒、食我場苗。縶之維之、以永今朝。[Pre-Classical Chinese,trad.]
     皎皎白驹、食我场苗。絷之维之、以永今朝。[Pre-Classical Chinese,simp.]

     From: TheClassic of Poetry,c. 11^th – 7^th centuriesBCE, translated based onJames Legge's version

     Jiǎojiǎo báijū, shí wǒ chǎng miáo. Zhí zhī wéi zhī, yǐyǒng jīnzhāo.[Pinyin]

     Let the brilliant white colt feed on the young growth of my vegetable garden. Tether it by the foot, tie it by the collar, toprolong this morning.

4. 53rdtetragram of theTaixuanjing; "eternity" (𝌺)
5. asurname

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. eternity
2. long
3. lengthy

• Go-on:よう(yō)^{←やう(yau,historical)←ゐやう(wiyau,ancient)}
• Kan-on:えい(ei,Jōyō)^{←えい(ei,historical)←ゑい(wei,ancient)}
• Kun:ながい(nagai,永い,Jōyō)、とこしえ(tokoshie,永)^{←とこしへ(tokosife,とこしへ,historical)}
• Nanori:え(e)、と(to)、のり(nori)、ひさ(hisa)、ひさし(hisashi)、のえ(noe)

• 久

FromMiddle Chinese永 (MC hjwaengX).

Thekan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

• (Tokyo)えー[éꜜè] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [e̞ː]

永(えい)• (ei) 

1. long (time)
2. perpetual;eternal

永(えい)• (ei) 

1. (historical)Abbreviation of永楽銭(eirakusen).
2. (historical)This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text{{rfdef}}.

FromMiddle Chinese永 (MC hjwaengX).

Thegoon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

• IPA^(key): [jo̞ː]

永(よう)• (yō) ^{←やう(yau)?}

1. (rare)Synonym of永(ei,“long (time), eternal”)

永 (eumhun길영(gil yeong))

1. hanja form^? of영(“long,deep,forever”)

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 永

永:Hán Việt readings:vĩnh
永:Nôm readings:vắng,vẳng,vánh,vảnh,vênh,vểnh,viếng,vĩnh

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text{{rfdef}}.

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