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比 (Kangxi radical 81,比+0, 4 strokes,cangjie input心心 (PP),four-corner21710,composition⿰⿺𠄌一匕(GHT) or⿻𠃏⿰一一(GHT) or⿰⿱⺊㇀匕(JKV))
| trad. | 比 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp.# | 比 | |
| alternative forms | 夶ancient | |
| Historical forms of the character比 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan) | Liushutong (compiled inMing) | |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 梐 | *piː, *biːʔ |
| 狴 | *piː |
| 悂 | *piː, *pʰi |
| 螕 | *piː |
| 鎞 | *piː |
| 蓖 | *piː |
| 篦 | *piː, *bis |
| 批 | *pʰiː |
| 砒 | *pʰiː |
| 鈚 | *pʰiː, *bi |
| 磇 | *pʰiː |
| 媲 | *pʰiːs |
| 笓 | *biː |
| 膍 | *biː, *bi |
| 陛 | *biːʔ |
| 仳 | *pʰeʔ, *piʔ, *bi, *briʔ |
| 吡 | *pʰeʔ, *piʔ, *biɡ |
| 紕 | *be, *pʰi, *kʰjɯʔ |
| 比 | *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ |
| 妣 | *piʔ, *pis |
| 秕 | *piʔ |
| 沘 | *piʔ, *bi |
| 枇 | *piʔ, *bi, *bis |
| 粊 | *pris |
| 庇 | *pis |
| 屁 | *pʰis |
| 琵 | *bi |
| 毗 | *bi |
| 貔 | *bi |
| 豼 | *bi |
| 蚍 | *bi |
| 芘 | *bi, *bis |
| 肶 | *bi |
| 魮 | *bi |
| 阰 | *bi |
| 坒 | *bis, *biɡ |
| 玭 | *bin |
Chu Wan-li (1948): Phonetic compound (OC*piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ): phonetic 匕(OC*pilʔ) + phonetic 匕(OC*pilʔ).
Shuowen: Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 人(“man”) + 人 – to juxtapose.
Similar but unrelated to从,尼,化 and北.
Perhaps from aProto-Sino-Tibetan*phi-r/n/s(“late, behind, after, outside”) (STEDT root #5883). Cognate with頻 (OC*bin, “several in succession”); outside of Sinitic, compare Proto-Naga*pʰaːy(“after”), as well as possiblyBurmeseပြင်(prang,“outside”).
| Variety | Location | 比 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /pi²¹⁴/ |
| Harbin | /pi²¹³/ /pʰi²¹³/ | |
| Tianjin | /pi¹³/ | |
| Jinan | /pi⁵⁵/ | |
| Qingdao | /pi⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /pi⁵³/ | |
| Xi'an | /pi⁵³/ | |
| Xining | /pji⁵³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /pi⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /pi⁴⁴²/ | |
| Ürümqi | /pi⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /pi⁴²/ | |
| Chengdu | /pi⁵³/ | |
| Guiyang | /pi⁴²/ | |
| Kunming | /pi⁵³/ | |
| Nanjing | /pi²¹²/ | |
| Hefei | /pz̩²⁴/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /pi⁵³/ |
| Pingyao | /pi⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /pi⁵³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /pi³⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /pi⁵¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /pi⁵³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /pei³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /pi³⁵/ |
| Tunxi | /pi³¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /pi⁴¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /pi⁴²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /pi²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /pi³¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /pi³¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /pei³⁵/ |
| Nanning | /pi³⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /pei³⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /pi⁵³/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /pi³²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /pi²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /pi⁵³/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /ʔbi²¹³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 比 |
| Reading # | 2/5 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 卑履切 |
| Baxter | pjijX |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /piɪX/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /piX/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pjɪX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /piX/ |
| Li Rong | /piX/ |
| Wang Li | /piX/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /piX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bei2 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 比 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjijX › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.pijʔ/ |
| English | compare |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 比 |
| Reading # | 1/5 |
| No. | 511 |
| Phonetic component | 比 |
| Rime group | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 匕 |
| Old Chinese | /*piʔ/ |
比
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 比 | 比 |
| Reading # | 3/5 | 4/5 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 毗至切 | 必至切 |
| Baxter | bjijH | pjijH |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /biɪH/ | /piɪH/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /biH/ | /piH/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bjɪH/ | /pjɪH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /biH/ | /piH/ |
| Li Rong | /biH/ | /piH/ |
| Wang Li | /biH/ | /piH/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱiH/ | /piH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bì | bì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bei6 | bei3 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 比 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjijH › |
| Old Chinese | /*pij-s/ |
| English | combine; all |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 比 | 比 |
| Reading # | 4/5 | 2/5 |
| No. | 542 | 521 |
| Phonetic component | 比 | 比 |
| Rime group | 脂 | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鼻 | 痹 |
| Old Chinese | /*bis/ | /*pis/ |
比
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 比 |
| Reading # | 1/5 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 房脂切 |
| Baxter | bjij |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /biɪ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bjɪ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bi/ |
| Li Rong | /bi/ |
| Wang Li | /bi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | pí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pei4 |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 比 |
| Reading # | 3/5 |
| No. | 531 |
| Phonetic component | 比 |
| Rime group | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 𣬈 |
| Old Chinese | /*bi/ |
比
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 比 |
| Reading # | 5/5 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 質 (48) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 毗必切 |
| Baxter | bjit |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /biɪt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bit̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bjet̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bit̚/ |
| Li Rong | /biĕt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭĕt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱi̯ĕt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bat6 |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 比 |
| Reading # | 5/5 |
| No. | 547 |
| Phonetic component | 比 |
| Rime group | 質 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 邲 |
| Old Chinese | /*biɡ/ |
比
比
比
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 比 |
| ひ Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 譬(compare) |
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 比 |
| ころ Grade: 5 |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of比 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term,比, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 比 |
| たぐ(い) Grade: 5 |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of比 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term,比, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
比:Hán Nôm readings:tỉ,tị,tí,Bỉ
