| happy | so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad.(欣然) | 欣 | 然 | |
| simp.#(欣然) | 欣 | 然 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 欣 | 然 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 欣 (57) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 許斤切 | 如延切 |
| Baxter | xj+n | nyen |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɨn/ | /ȵiᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hɨn/ | /ȵiɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xiən/ | /ȵʑjæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hɨn/ | /ȵian/ |
| Li Rong | /xiən/ | /ȵiɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭən/ | /ȵʑĭɛn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xi̯ən/ | /ȵʑi̯ɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xīn | rán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jan1 | jin4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 欣 | 然 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xīn | rán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xjɨn › | ‹ nyen › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰər/ | /*[n]a[n]/ |
| English | rejoice | so, thus; (adv suffix) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 欣 | 然 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 6665 | 10756 |
| Phonetic component | 斤 | 肰 |
| Rime group | 文 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 欣 | 然 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰɯn/ | /*njen/ |
欣然
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 欣 | 然 |
| きん Jinmeiyō | ぜん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 忻然 |
欣然• (kinzen) ←きんぜん(kinzen)?†-tari (adnominal欣然とした(kinzento shita)or欣然たる(kinzentaru),adverbial欣然と(kinzento)or欣然として(kinzento shite))
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 欣然たら | きんぜんたら | kinzentara | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 欣然と[1] 欣然たり[2] | きんぜんと きんぜんたり | kinzento kinzentari | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 欣然たり | きんぜんたり | kinzentari | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 欣然たる | きんぜんたる | kinzentaru | |
| Realis (已然形) | 欣然たれ | きんぜんたれ | kinzentare | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 欣然たれ | きんぜんたれ | kinzentare | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Negative | 欣然たらず | きんぜんたらず | kinzentarazu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | 欣然たれど | きんぜんたれど | kinzentaredo | |
| Causal conjunction | 欣然たれば | きんぜんたれば | kinzentareba | |
| Conditional conjunction | 欣然たらば | きんぜんたらば | kinzentaraba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 欣然たりき | きんぜんたりき | kinzentariki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 欣然たりけり | きんぜんたりけり | kinzentarikeri | |
| Adverbial | 欣然と | きんぜんと | kinzento | |
| [1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. | ||||