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樑

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:梁

樑	U+6A11,樑 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A11

←樐
[U+6A10]

CJK Unified Ideographs

樒 →
[U+6A12]

Translingual

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Han character

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樑 (Kangxi radical 75,木+11, 15 strokes,cangjie input木水戈木 (DEID),four-corner4799₄,composition⿰木梁)

References

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Kangxi Dictionary:page 549, character 28
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15427
Dae Jaweon: page 937, character 22
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1284, character 9
Unihan data for U+6A11

Chinese

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trad.		樑/梁
simp.		梁
alternative forms		鿄𣸑渿𣹷𨎛“bridge for vehicles”

Glyph origin

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Specialized form of梁 (OC*raŋ, “beam; bridge”), with the addition of the semantic component木(“tree; wood”).

Etymology

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PossiblySino-Tibetan; compareBurmeseအခြင်(a.hkrang,“rafter”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin):liáng (liang²)
(Zhuyin):ㄌㄧㄤˊ
(Chengdu,Sichuanese Pinyin):niang²
Cantonese(Jyutping):loeng⁴
Hakka(Sixian,PFS):liòng
Eastern Min(BUC):liòng
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):niû /niô͘ /liông /liâng
(Teochew,Peng'im):niên⁵ / nion⁵ / liang⁵
Wu(Shanghai,Wugniu):⁶lian

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:liáng
  - Zhuyin:ㄌㄧㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:liáng
  - Wade–Giles:liang²
  - Yale:lyáng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:liang
  - Palladius:лян(ljan)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/li̯ɑŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin:niang²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz:liang
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/niaŋ²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:loeng⁴
  - Yale:lèuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin:loeng⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization:lêng⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/lœːŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:liòng
  - Hakka Romanization System:liong^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:liong²
  - SinologicalIPA:/li̯oŋ¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:liòng
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/l̃uoŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Taipei,Kaohsiung,Lukang,Sanxia,Yilan,Kinmen,Magong,Hsinchu,Taichung,Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:niû
  - Tâi-lô:niû
  - Phofsit Daibuun:niuu
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Quanzhou,Taipei,Lukang,Yilan,Kinmen):/niũ²⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/niũ²³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Singapore):/niu²⁴/
- (Hokkien:Zhangzhou,Tainan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:niô͘
  - Tâi-lô:niôo
  - SinologicalIPA (Tainan):/niɔ̃²⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangzhou):/niɔ̃¹³/
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:liông
  - Tâi-lô:liông
  - Phofsit Daibuun:lioong
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/liɔŋ²³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Quanzhou,Taipei):/liɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien:Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:liâng
  - Tâi-lô:liâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun:liaang
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangzhou):/liaŋ¹³/

Note:

niû/niô͘ - vernacular;
liông/liâng - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im:niên⁵ / nion⁵ / liang⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:niêⁿ / niôⁿ / liâng
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/nĩẽ⁵⁵/, /nĩõ⁵⁵/, /liaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

niên5, nion5 - vernacular (niên5 - Chaozhou);
liang5 - literary.

Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai)
  - Wugniu:⁶lian
  - MiniDict:lian^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):³lian
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/liã²³/

Middle Chinese:ljang

Rime
Character	樑
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	呂章切
Baxter	ljang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/liɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/liɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/liaŋ/
Wang Li	/lĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	loeng⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*raŋ/
(Zhengzhang):/*raŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	樑
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liáng
Middle Chinese	‹ ljang ›
Old Chinese	/*raŋ/
English	beam; bridge
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	樑
Reading #	1/1
No.	1648
Phonetic component	刅
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	良
Old Chinese	/*raŋ/

Definitions

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樑

bridge
橋樑／桥梁 ― qiáoliáng ― bridge
roof beam
棟樑／栋梁 ― dòngliáng ― ridgepole, pillar, anchor, mainstay
ridge
鼻樑／鼻梁 ― bíliáng ― bridge (of a nose)

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of橋 (“bridge”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		樑,橋
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)		橋,橋樑
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	橋
	Taiwan	橋
	Singapore	橋
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	橋
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	橋
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	橋
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	橋
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	橋
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	橋
Cantonese	Guangzhou	橋
	Hong Kong	橋
	Hong Kong(Kam Tin; Weitou)	橋
	Macau	橋
	Guangzhou(Panyu)	橋
	Guangzhou(Huashan, Huadu)	橋
	Guangzhou(Conghua)	橋
	Guangzhou(Zengcheng)	橋
	Foshan	橋
	Foshan(Shatou, Nanhai)	橋
	Foshan(Shunde)	橋
	Foshan(Sanshui)	橋
	Foshan(Mingcheng, Gaoming)	橋
	Zhongshan(Shiqi)	橋
	Zhuhai(Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	橋
	Zhuhai(Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	橋
	Zhuhai(Doumen)	橋
	Jiangmen(Baisha)	橋
	Jiangmen(Xinhui)	橋
	Taishan	橋
	Kaiping(Chikan)	橋
	Enping(Niujiang)	橋
	Heshan(Yayao)	橋
	Dongguan	橋
	Shenzhen(Shajing, Bao'an)	橋
	Yangjiang	橋
	Singapore(Guangfu)	橋
Gan	Nanchang	橋
Hakka	Meixian	橋
	Huizhou(Huicheng; Bendihua)	橋
	Dongguan(Qingxi)	橋
	Shenzhen(Shatoujiao)	橋
	Zhongshan(Nanlang Heshui)	橋
	Guangzhou(Lütian, Conghua)	橋
	Miaoli(N. Sixian)	橋
	Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)	橋
	Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)	橋
	Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)	橋
	Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)	橋
Jin	Taiyuan	橋
Northern Min	Jian'ou	橋
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	橋
Southern Min	Xiamen	橋
	Singapore(Hokkien)	橋
	Manila(Hokkien)	橋
	Chaozhou	橋
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan(Longdu, Shaxi)	橋
Wu	Shanghai	橋
	Suzhou	橋
	Wenzhou	橋
Xiang	Changsha	橋
Xiang	Shuangfeng	橋