| ||||||||
| Traditional | 曉 |
|---|---|
| Shinjitai | 暁 |
| Simplified | 晓 |
曉 (Kangxi radical 72,日+12, 16 strokes,cangjie input日土土山 (AGGU),four-corner64011,composition⿰日堯)
| trad. | 曉 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 晓 | |
| alternative forms | 皢 暁 𣉊 | |
| Historical forms of the character曉 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan) | Liushutong (compiled inMing) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |  |
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 撓 | *hŋaːw, *rŋaːw, *rnaːwʔ |
| 鐃 | *rŋaːw |
| 譊 | *rŋaːw |
| 橈 | *rŋaːws, *ŋjew |
| 磽 | *ŋ̊ʰreːw, *ŋreːws, *ŋ̊ʰeːwʔ |
| 墝 | *ŋ̊ʰreːw |
| 穘 | *hŋreːw |
| 顤 | *hŋreːw, *ŋeːws |
| 燒 | *hŋjew, *hŋjaws |
| 饒 | *ŋjew, *ŋjaws |
| 蟯 | *ŋjew, *ʔŋew |
| 蕘 | *ŋjew |
| 襓 | *ŋjew |
| 繞 | *ŋjewʔ, *ŋjaws |
| 遶 | *ŋjewʔ |
| 嬈 | *njewʔ, *neːwʔ, *hŋeːws |
| 趬 | *ŋ̊ʰew, *ŋ̊ʰews |
| 蹺 | *ŋ̊ʰew |
| 翹 | *ɡew, *ɡews |
| 澆 | *ŋkeːw, *ŋeːws |
| 驍 | *ŋkeːw |
| 僥 | *kŋeːwʔ, *ŋeːw |
| 堯 | *ŋeːw |
| 垚 | *ŋeːw |
| 嶢 | *ŋeːw |
| 獟 | *ŋeːws |
| 膮 | *hŋeːw, *hŋeːwʔ |
| 嘵 | *hŋeːw |
| 憢 | *hŋeːw |
| 曉 | *hŋeːwʔ |
| 皢 | *hŋeːwʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*hŋeːwʔ): semantic 日(“sun”) + phonetic 堯(OC*ŋeːw).
| Variety | Location | 曉 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕiɑu²¹⁴/ |
| Harbin | /ɕiau²¹³/ | |
| Tianjin | /ɕiɑu¹³/ | |
| Jinan | /ɕiɔ⁵⁵/ | |
| Qingdao | /ɕiɔ⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ɕiau⁵³/ | |
| Xi'an | /ɕiau⁵³/ | |
| Xining | /ɕiɔ⁵³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ɕiɔ⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ɕiɔ⁴⁴²/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ɕiɔ⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /ɕiau⁴²/ | |
| Chengdu | /ɕiau⁵³/ | |
| Guiyang | /ɕiao⁴²/ | |
| Kunming | /ɕiɔ⁵³/ | |
| Nanjing | /ɕiɔo²¹²/ | |
| Hefei | /ɕiɔ²⁴/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕiau⁵³/ |
| Pingyao | /ɕiɔ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /ɕiɔ⁵³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɕiɔ³⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /ɕiæ⁵¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɕiɔ⁵³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ɕa³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕiɔ³⁵/ |
| Tunxi | /ɕio³¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕiau⁴¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /ɕiaɯ⁴²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕiɛu²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hiau³¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /hiɑu³¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hiu³⁵/ |
| Nanning | /hiu³⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /hiu³⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hiau⁵³/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hieu³²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xiau²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /hiau⁵³/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /hiau²¹³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 曉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 蕭 (93) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 馨皛切 |
| Baxter | xewX |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /heuX/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /heuX/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xeuX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hɛwX/ |
| Li Rong | /xeuX/ |
| Wang Li | /xieuX/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xieuX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiǎo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hiu2 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 曉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiǎo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xewX › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰˁewʔ/ |
| English | understand |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 曉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14699 |
| Phonetic component | 垚 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 䥵 |
| Old Chinese | /*hŋeːwʔ/ |
曉
| 暁 | |
| 曉 |
(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji,shinjitai form暁)
| For pronunciation and definitions of曉 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term,曉, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) |
FromMiddle Chinese曉 (MC xewX).
From明か(aka,the未然形(mizenkei,“incomplete form”) of verb明く(aku), “toopen”) +時(to2ki1,“time,moment,hour”).[1][2]
曉 (akato2ki1) (kanaあかとき)
曉:Hán Việt readings:hiểu[1]
曉:Nôm readings:hiểu[2],hẻo[1],hểu[1]