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晨 (Kangxi radical 72,日+7, 11 strokes,cangjie input日一一女 (AMMV),four-corner60232,composition⿱日辰)
| trad. | 晨 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp.# | 晨 | |
| alternative forms | 䢅 辰 曟 㫳 𠔹ancient | |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*djɯn, *ɦljɯn) and ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): semantic 日(“sun”) + phonetic 辰(OC*djɯn,“time”). Originally written as辰 alone;辰 now refers primarily to one of thetwelve earthly branches.
Endopassive of震 (OC*tjɯn, “to shake”) and振 (OC*tjɯn, *tjɯns, “to excite”), fromProto-Sino-Tibetan*dar ~ d(u/i)r(“to tremble; to shiver”), literally "to stir oneself" > "when life begins to stir" > "early morning" (Schuessler, 2007).Smith (2011) relates晨 (chén, “early morning”) to辰 (chén) < *dən, the original form of蜃 (shèn, “mollusc, clam”) < *dəns, as the rising sun looks ovoid due to atmospheric refraction.
| Variety | Location | 晨 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁴⁵/ /t͡sʰən⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰẽ⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /tʃʰə̃⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /ʈ͡ʂʰẽ²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ʂə̃²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃n⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /sən²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /sən³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /sen²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ʂə̃³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ¹³/ /ʂʐ̩¹³/早～飯 | |
| Hohhot | /t͡sʰə̃ŋ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zəŋ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /zən¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /zen²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /zaŋ³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕiʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡sʰin⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʂən¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /sən¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sɨn⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sən¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /ʃen¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɐn²¹/ |
| Nanning | /sɐn²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /sɐn²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sin³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /siŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /seiŋ²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /siŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /tin³¹/ |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 晨 | 晨 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 船 (27) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 植鄰切 | 食鄰切 |
| Baxter | dzyin | zyin |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiɪn/ | /ʑiɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑin/ | /ʑin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑjen/ | /ʑjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑin/ | /ʑin/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiĕn/ | /d͡ʑiĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭĕn/ | /d͡ʑĭĕn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯ĕn/ | /d͡ʑʰi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chén | shén |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | san4 | san4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 晨 | 晨 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chén | chén |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyin › | ‹ zyin › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]ər/ | /*sə-[d]ər/ |
| English | early | part of Scorpio; morning |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 晨 | 晨 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 1373 | 1386 |
| Phonetic component | 辰 | 辰 |
| Rime group | 文 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 辰 | 神 |
| Old Chinese | /*djɯn/ | /*ɦljɯn/ |
晨
FromMiddle Chinese晨 (MC dzyin|zyin). Recorded asMiddle Korean신(sin) (Yale:sin) inHunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
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