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是

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:昰

是	U+662F,是 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-662F

←昮
[U+662E]

CJK Unified Ideographs

昰 →
[U+6630]

Translingual

[edit]

Stroke order

Stroke order

Kangxi Dictionary:page 493, character 26
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13859
Dae Jaweon: page 858, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1497, character 5
Unihan data for U+662F

Chinese

[edit]

simp. andtrad.		是
alternative forms		昰𣆞

Glyph origin

[edit]

Historical forms of the character是
Shang	Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)		Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Shizhoupian script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the samephonetic series (是)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
鞮	*teː
隄	teː, deː
堤	teː, teːʔ, *dje
鍉	*teː
蝭	teːs, deː
醍	tʰeːʔ, deː
緹	tʰeːʔ, deː
提	deː, dje
瑅	*deː
題	deː, deːs
媞	deː, deːʔ, *djeʔ
褆	deː, deʔ, *djeʔ
禔	deː, tje, *dje
騠	*deː
趧	*deː
鯷	deː, deːs, *djes
踶	deːs, deʔ
徥	deʔ, djeʔ
匙	*dje
是	*djeʔ
諟	*djeʔ
翨	hljes, kles
睼	*tʰeːns
寔	*djɯɡ
湜	*dɯɡ
遈	*djɯɡ

Etymology

[edit]

“This [an independent pronoun] > this, it [object recapitulation], be right, correct, so > to be, indeed”. The modern copulative sense only emerged by the Eastern Han dynasty (Dobson, 1964;Norman, 1988;Zürcher, 2013), and gradually replaced the archaic唯 (OC*ɢʷi, “to be”) and the classical copulative construction with也 (OC*laːlʔ).

This was due to the lack of a left-branching copula as archaic 唯 shifted into a contrasting and restricting particle, as well as its frequent use in presentational copulative constructions, often in the form of "A, 是 B 也" ("A, this is B"), which led to it being gradually reinterpreted as the copula instead of 也. Also note the semantic opposition with literary negative copula非 (OC*pɯl) as in "right" and "wrong", which emerged by the Warring States period from the frequent collocation of the expression "是 X 也, 非 Y 也" (This is X, not Y) (Pulleyblank, 1995) .

To understand this development, compare之 (OC*tjɯ, “him, it, this > possessive”),其 (OC*kɯ, “he, his, its > dialectal possessive”). Compare Frenchc'est, which in colloquial speech often replaces copulaest.

FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*m-daj ~ m-di(“that; this”). In Chinese, cognate with寔 (OC*djɯɡ, “this (subject contrastive)”),實 (OC*ɦliɡ, “this (subject contrastive)”),之 (OC*tjɯ, “this; him; her; it (oblique)”),諟 (OC*djeʔ, “to examine, to consider”). In Tibeto-Burman, cognate withTibetanདེ(de,“that”),Jingphodai,ndai(“this”), andBurmeseဒီ(di,“this”).

Pronunciation 1

[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin):shì (shi⁴)
(Zhuyin):ㄕˋ
(Chengdu,Sichuanese Pinyin):si⁴
(Xi'an,Guanzhong Pinyin):sī
(Nanjing,Nanjing Pinyin):shiī
(Dungan,Cyrillic andWiktionary):сы (sɨ, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):si⁶
(Dongguan,Jyutping++):si³
(Taishan,Wiktionary):si⁵
Gan(Wiktionary):si⁵
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):sṳ
(Hailu,HRS):shi^˖
(Meixian,Guangdong):si⁴
Jin(Wiktionary):si³
Northern Min(KCR):sī
Eastern Min(BUC):sê
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):si⁵ / sih⁷
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):sī /sǐ
(Teochew,Peng'im):si⁶
(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin):su⁶
Southern Pinghua(Nanning,Jyutping++):si⁶
Wu(Wugniu)
- (Northern):⁶zy /⁴zy /²zy /⁴ze
- (Jinhua):³sy
Xiang(Changsha,Wiktionary):shr⁵ / shr⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:shì
  - Zhuyin:ㄕˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:shìh
  - Wade–Giles:shih⁴
  - Yale:shr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:shyh
  - Palladius:ши(ši)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin:si⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz:s
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/sz̩²¹³/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin:sī
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/sz̩⁵⁵/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin:shiī
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered):shii⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic andWiktionary:сы (sɨ, I)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/sz̩²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:si⁶
  - Yale:sih
  - Cantonese Pinyin:si⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization:xi⁶
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/siː²²/
- (Dongguan,Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++:si³
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/si³²/
- (Taishanese,Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary:si⁵
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/si³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary:si⁵
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/sz̩¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:sṳ
  - Hakka Romanization System:sii
  - Hagfa Pinyim:si⁴
  - SinologicalIPA:/sɨ⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl.Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System:shi^˖
  - SinologicalIPA:/ʃi³³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong:si⁴
  - SinologicalIPA:/sz̩⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary:si³
  - SinologicalIPA (old-style):/sz̩⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized:sī
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/si⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:sê
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/sɛi²⁴²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian,Jiangkou,Nanri,Donghai)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:si⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:sī
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɬi¹¹/
- (Xianyou,Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:si⁵
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɬi²¹/
- (Youyang)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:si⁵
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/θi²¹/
- (Putian,Nanri,Xianyou,Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:sih⁷
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:si̍h
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɬiʔ⁴/
- (Jiangkou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:sih⁷
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɬeʔ⁴/
- (Youyang)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:sih⁷
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/θiʔ⁴/

Note: sih7 - new reading (e.g.是不是).

Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Zhangzhou,GeneralTaiwanese,Sanxia,Kinmen,Hsinchu,Taichung,Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:sī
  - Tâi-lô:sī
  - Phofsit Daibuun:si
  - IPA (Taipei,Kaohsiung):/si³³/
  - IPA (Penang):/si²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen,Zhangzhou,Kinmen):/si²²/
- (Hokkien:Quanzhou,Jinjiang,Lukang,Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:sǐ
  - Tâi-lô:sǐ
  - IPA (Jinjiang,Lukang,Philippines):/si³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou):/si²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im:si⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:sĭ
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/si³⁵/
- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin:su⁶
  - SinologicalIPA:/su³³/
Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua,Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++:si⁶
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/si²²/
Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai,Jiading,Suzhou,Changzhou,Hangzhou,Ningbo)
  - Wugniu:⁶zy
  - MiniDict:zy^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):³zr
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/zz̩²³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Jiading):/zz̩¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Suzhou):/zz̩²³¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Changzhou):/zz̩²⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Hangzhou):/zz̩¹¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Ningbo):/zz̩¹¹³/
- (Northern:Songjiang,Chongming,Jiaxing,Tongxiang,Haining,Haiyan,Shaoxing,Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu:⁴zy
  - MiniDict:zy^上
  - SinologicalIPA (Songjiang):/zz̩²²/
  - SinologicalIPA (Chongming):/szz̩²⁴²/
  - SinologicalIPA (Jiaxing):/zz̩²¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Tongxiang):/zz̩⁴²/
  - SinologicalIPA (Haining):/zz̩⁴²/
  - SinologicalIPA (Haiyan):/zz̩²³²/
  - SinologicalIPA (Shaoxing):/zz̩¹¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhoushan):/zz̩²⁴/
- (Northern:Changzhou)
  - Wugniu:²zy
  - MiniDict:zy^平
  - SinologicalIPA (Changzhou):/zz̩¹³/
- (Northern:Shaoxing)
  - Wugniu:⁴ze
  - MiniDict:ze^上
  - SinologicalIPA (Shaoxing):/ze¹¹³/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu:³sy
  - SinologicalIPA (Jinhua):/sz̩⁵³⁵/

Note:⁴ze (Shaoxingese) - vernacular pronunciation.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary:shr⁵ / shr⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key) (old-style):/ʂʐ̩²¹/, /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
  - SinologicalIPA^(key) (new-style):/sz̩²¹/, /sz̩⁴⁵/

Note:

shr5 - vernacular;
shr4 - literary.

Middle Chinese:dzyeX

Rime
Character	是
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	承紙切
Baxter	dzyeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiᴇ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɛ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjɛ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑiə̆^X/
Li Rong	/ʑie^X/
Wang Li	/ʑǐe^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑie̯^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*[d]eʔ/
(Zhengzhang):/*djeʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	是
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shì
Middle Chinese	‹ dzye^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]eʔ/
English	this
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	是
Reading #	1/1
No.	11645
Phonetic component	是
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	是
Old Chinese	/*djeʔ/
Notes	金文從早從止，馬敘倫謂正加射的。按象對準目標行進，表所行正確

Definitions

[edit]

是

(literary)this; thisthing
是日 ― shìrì ― this day
- 是可忍，孰不可忍？[Classical Chinese,trad. andsimp.]
  Shì kě rěn, shú bù kě rěn?[Pinyin]
  Ifthis can be tolerated, what cannot?
- 日出于暘谷，浴于咸池，拂于扶桑，是謂晨明。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
  日出于旸谷，浴于咸池，拂于扶桑，是谓晨明。[Classical Chinese,simp.]
  From:Huainanzi, 2^nd centuryBCE
  Rì chū yú Yánggǔ, yù yú Xiánchí, fú yú Fúsāng,shì wèi chénmíng.[Pinyin]
  The sun rises from Yanggu, bathes in Xianchi, and draws near to the Fusang:this is called Dawn.
1. (literary, archaic)a pronoun that refers to an anteposed object of the verb, usually introduced by the a topicalizer or constrative like唯 in the form of唯 …… 是 + V, adding emphasis to the object of the verb. Compare之(zhī), which as a pronoun can also refers to the topic as the object, and in earlier forms was also placed before the verb.
  唯余馬首是瞻[Classical Chinese,trad.]
  唯余马首是瞻[Classical Chinese,simp.]
  From:Commentary of Zuo,c. 4^th centuryBCE
  wéi yú mǎ shǒushì zhān[Pinyin]
  Just look at my horse's head
  - 將虢是滅，何愛於虞？[Classical Chinese,trad.]
    将虢是灭，何爱于虞？[Classical Chinese,simp.]
    From:Commentary of Zuo,c. 4^th centuryBCE
    Jiāng guóshì miè, hé ài yú yú?[Pinyin]
    If we shall annex Guo, why should we spare Yu ?
  - 我周之東遷，晉、鄭是依。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
    我周之东迁，晋、郑是依。[Classical Chinese,simp.]
    From:Guoyu, circa 4^th centuryBCE
    Wǒ Zhōu zhī dōngqiān, Jìn, Zhèngshì yī.[Pinyin]
    That we the Zhou migrated East — that was wholly reliant on Jin and Zheng.
  - 今商王受，惟婦言是用。昏棄厥肆祀，弗答；昏棄厥遺王父母弟，不迪。乃惟四方之多罪逋逃，是崇是長，是信是使，是以為大夫卿士，俾暴虐于百姓，以奸宄于商邑。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
    今商王受，惟妇言是用。昏弃厥肆祀，弗答；昏弃厥遗王父母弟，不迪。乃惟四方之多罪逋逃，是崇是长，是信是使，是以为大夫卿士，俾暴虐于百姓，以奸宄于商邑。[Classical Chinese,simp.]
    From: TheBook of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd centuryBCE
    Jīn Shāng wáng Shòu, wéi fù yánshì yòng. Hūn qì jué sì sì, fú dá; hūn qì jué yí wáng fùmǔ dì, bù dí. Nǎi wéi sìfāng zhī duō zuì bū táo,shì chóngshì cháng,shì xìnshì shǐ,shì yǐwèi dàfū qīng shì, bǐ bàonüè yú bǎixìng, yǐ jiānguǐ yú Shāng yì.[Pinyin]
    Now Show, the king of Shang, follows only the words of his wife. He has blindly thrown away the sacrifices which he should present, and makes no response [for the favours which he has received] ; he has blindly thrown away his paternal and maternal relatives, not treating them properly. They are only the vagabonds of the empire, loaded with crimes,whom he honours and exalts,whom he employs and trusts, makingthem great officers and nobles, so that they can tyrannize over the people, exercising their villainies in the city of Shang.
(copulative) tobe
1. indicating that the subject and object are the same.
  泰晤士河是英國第二長的河流。[MSC,trad.]
  泰晤士河是英国第二长的河流。[MSC,simp.]
  Tàiwùshìhéshì Yīngguó dì'èr cháng de héliú.[Pinyin]
  The River Thamesis the second longest river in the UK.
  - 跌倒的是一個女人，花白頭髮，衣服都很破爛。[MSC,trad.]
    跌倒的是一个女人，花白头发，衣服都很破烂。[MSC,simp.]
    From:1920,Lu Xun,一件小事 (An Incident)
    Diēdǎo deshì yī ge nǚrén, huābái tóufà, yīfú dōu hěn pòlàn.[Pinyin]
    It was a woman, with streaks of white in her hair, wearing ragged clothes.
2. indicating that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase.
  我是老師。／我是老师。 ― Wǒshì lǎoshī. ― Iam a teacher.
  我是中國人。／我是中国人。 ― Wǒshì zhōngguórén. ― Iam Chinese.
3. indicating a place being occupied by the object, where the place forms the subject.
  房子前面是禾場。[MSC,trad.]
  房子前面是禾场。[MSC,simp.]
  Fángzǐ qiánmiànshì hécháng.[Pinyin]
  The threshing flooris in front of the house.
  到處都是／到处都是 ― dàochù dōushì ― tobe everywhere
a particle emphasizing the word following it.
我是昨天買的票。[MSC,trad.]
我是昨天买的票。[MSC,simp.]
Wǒshì zuótiān mǎi de piào.[Pinyin]
Itwas yesterday when I bought the ticket.
a particle showing agreement. In this meaning,是 is stressed.truly;indeed.
天氣是冷。／天气是冷。 ― Tiānqìshì lěng. ― It isindeed cold.
這件裙子是很漂亮，但是太貴了。[MSC,trad.]
这件裙子是很漂亮，但是太贵了。[MSC,simp.]
Zhè jiàn qúnzishì hěn piàoliàng, dànshì tài guì le.[Pinyin]
Although this dress istruly beautiful, it's too expensive.
a particle used in an alternative or a negative question
你是喝茶還是喝咖啡？[MSC,trad.]
你是喝茶还是喝咖啡？[MSC,simp.]
Nǐshì hēchá háishì hē kāfēi?[Pinyin]
Would you like coffee or tea?
(in affirmative answers)yes;right
你是張三嗎？是。[MSC,trad.]
你是张三吗？是。[MSC,simp.]
Nǐ shì Zhāng Sān ma?Shì.[Pinyin]
Are you Zhang San?Yes.
是，長官。／是，长官。 ― Shì, zhǎngguān. ― Yes, sir.
是，明白了。 ― Shì, míngbái le. ― Yes, got it.
true;correct
不是 ― búshì ― fault; mistake; wrongdoing
你說得是／你说得是 ― nǐ shuō deshì ― What you said isright
各行其是 ― gè xíng qíshì ― to have each going his own way, i.e., doing what he considersright
共商國是／共商国是 ― gòng shāng guóshì ― to discuss national affairs (This is a fossil word from Ancient Chinese where是 (OC*djeʔ) originally means "what is right (for the country)", i.e., "laws and policies")
- 彼人是哉！子曰何其？[Pre-Classical Chinese,trad. andsimp.]
  From: TheClassic of Poetry,c. 11^th – 7^th centuriesBCE, translated based onJames Legge's version
  Bǐrénshì zāi! Zǐ yuē hé qí?[Pinyin]
  Those men are / That man isright! What do you mean by your words?
asurname

Usage notes

[edit]

When translated as "to be",是 is used only to link two nouns or nominal expressions.

我是老師／我是老师 ― wǒshì lǎoshī ― Iam a teacher

泰晤士河是英國第二長的河流。[MSC,trad.]
泰晤士河是英国第二长的河流。[MSC,simp.]

Tàiwùshìhéshì Yīngguó dì'èr cháng de héliú.[Pinyin]

The River Thamesis the second longest river in the UK.

是 is not used to link a noun and an adjective. The following sentence would be incorrect:

*這是好／*这是好 ― * zhèshì hǎo ― *

The correct sentence is

這很好／这很好 ― zhè hěn hǎo ― Thisis (very) good

Here,很 (hěn) is used as a filler to link a noun and an adjective and is not interpreted as "very".

A way to use是 with an adjective is to use的 (de) after the adjective to turn it into a noun.

那隻貓是黑的／那只猫是黑的 ― nà zhī māoshì hēi de ― That cat is black (That cat is a black one)

Synonyms

[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of這 (“this”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		此,斯,是,之,茲 anteclassical,夫,爾
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)		這
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	這
	Taiwan	這
	Chengde	這
	Chifeng	這
	Hulunbuir(Hailar)	這
	Heihe	這
	Qiqihar	這
	Jiamusi	這
	Baicheng	這
	Changchun	這
	Tonghua	這
	Shenyang	這
	Jinzhou	這
	Malaysia	這
	Singapore	這
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	這
	Tangshan	這
	Cangzhou	這
	Baoding	這
	Shijiazhuang	這
	Lijin	這
	Jinan	這
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	這
	Dandong	這
	Yantai	這
	Qingdao	這
	Zhucheng	這
Central Plains Mandarin	Lingbao	這
	Jining	這
	Linfen	這
	Shangqiu	這
	Yuanyang	這
	Zhengzhou	這
	Xinyang	這
	Baihe	這
	Xi'an	這
	Baoji	這
	Tianshui	這
	Xining	這
	Xuzhou	這
	Pizhou	這
	Lianyungang(Ganyu)	這
	Donghai	這
	Fuyang	這
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	這
	Lanzhou	這
	Dunhuang	這
	Hami	這
	Ürümqi	這
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	這
	Nanchong	這
	Dazhou	這
	Hanyuan	這
	Xichang	這
	Zigong	這
	Chongqing	這
	Wuhan	這
	Yichang	這
	Tianmen	這
	Guiyang	這
	Zunyi	這
	Bijie	這
	Liping	這
	Zhaotong	這
	Dali	這
	Kunming	這
	Mengzi	這
	Guilin	這
	Liuzhou	這
	Jishou	這
	Changde	這
	Hanzhong	這
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	這
	Yangzhou	這
	Baoying	這
	Taizhou	這
	Zhenjiang	這
	Lianyungang	這
	Huai'an(Huaiyin)	這
	Lianshui	這
	Xuyi	這
	Nantong	這
	Rugao	這
	Yancheng	這
	Funing	這
	Sihong	這
	Wuhu	這
	Hefei	這
	Hong'an	這
Cantonese	Guangzhou	呢,依
	Hong Kong	呢,依
	Macau	呢
	Taishan	該
	Dongguan	呢
	Yangjiang	果
	Nanning	阿
	Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu)	呢
	Singapore(Guangfu)	呢,依
Gan	Nanchang	箇
	Nanchang(Wangcheng)	箇
	Anyi	箇
	Lushan	箇
	Duchang	箇
	Wuning(Quankou)	該
	Poyang	箇
	Yugan	該
	Wannian	該
	Yanshan(Hekou)	這
	Yichun	箇
	Yifeng	箇
	Gao'an	箇
	Fengxin	箇
	Shanggao	里
	Wanzai	箇
	Fengcheng	該
	Xinyu	該
	Fuzhou(Shangdundu)	該
	Fuzhou(Dongxiang)	箇
	Nancheng	箇
	Nanfeng	箇
	Yihuang	箇
	Lichuan	該
	Chongren	該
	Pingxiang	該
	Ji'an	蓋
	Taihe	箇
	Xiajiang	該
	Yingtan(Yujiang)	箇
	Guixi	箇
	Jianning	個
	Jinxian	箇
	Jinxi	箇
	Le'an	該
	Guangchang	改
	Suichuan	底
	Wan'an	介
	Jing'an	箇
	Zhangshu	該
	Xingan	個
	Fenyi	改
Hakka	Changting	爾
	Ninghua	只
	Qingliu	這
	Yudu	底
	Ningdu	底
	Ruijin	底
	Shicheng	底
	Xunwu	底
	Huichang	底
	Xingguo	界
	Miaoli(N. Sixian)	這
	Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)	這
	Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)	這
	Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)	這
	Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)	這
	Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)	這
	Hong Kong	這
Huizhou	Jixi	爾
	Shexian	這
	Wuyuan	伊
Jin	Taiyuan	這
	Yangyuan	這
	Datong	這
	Xinzhou	這
	Lüliang(Lishi)	這
	Changzhi	這
	Linhe	這
	Jining	這
	Hohhot	這
	Erenhot	這
	Pingshan	這
	Zhangjiakou	這
	Handan	這
	Suide	這
Northern Min	Jian'ou	𱕇
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	只,者,嚽
	Fuzhou(Changle)	這
	Lianjiang	這
	Fuqing	者
	Pingtan	這
	Yongtai	這
	Minqing	這
	Gutian	這
	Pingnan	這
	Luoyuan	這
	Fu'an	這
	Ningde	這
	Xiapu	這
	Zherong	這
	Shouning	這
	Zhouning	這
	Fuding	這
	Singapore(Fuqing)	這
Southern Min	Xiamen	這
	Xiamen(Tong'an)	這
	Quanzhou	只,這
	Jinjiang	這
	Nan'an	這
	Shishi	這
	Hui'an	這
	Anxi	這
	Yongchun	這
	Dehua	這
	Zhangzhou	這
	Zhangzhou(Longhai)	這
	Zhangzhou(Changtai)	這
	Hua'an	這
	Nanjing	這
	Pinghe	這
	Zhangpu	這
	Yunxiao	這
	Zhao'an	只
	Dongshan	這
	Taipei	這
	Kinmen	這
	Penang(Hokkien)	這
	Singapore(Hokkien)	這
	Manila(Hokkien)	這
	Longyan	迄好
	Zhangping	這
	Chaozhou	只
	Shantou	只
	Jieyang	只
	Haifeng	只
	Singapore(Teochew)	只
	Batam(Teochew)	只
	Wenchang	這
	Haikou	這
	Singapore(Hainanese)	這
Puxian Min	Putian	只蜀
Puxian Min	Xianyou	只蜀
Central Min	Yong'an	這
Central Min	Sanming(Shaxian)	這
Shaojiang Min	Guangze	當
	Jiangle	者
	Mingxi	只
	Shunchang	這
Southern Pinghua	Nanning(Tingzi)	亞
Shehua	Cangnan	這
Shehua	Jingning(Hexi)	個
Wu	Shanghai	搿,迭 dated,第 obsolete
	Shanghai(Songjiang)	搿
	Shanghai(Fengxian)	格
	Shanghai(Jinshan)	格
	Shanghai(Chongming)	吉,講,葛 also that
	Suzhou	哀,該,搿 also that
	Suzhou(Shengze, Wujiang)	個
	Wuxi	意
	Changshu	俚
	Jiaxing	葛
	Jiashan	葛
	Pinghu	葛
	Haining(Yanguan)	葛
	Tongxiang	葛
	Haiyan	葛
	Changzhou	資
	Danyang	格
	Nanjing(Gaochun)	格
	Huzhou	格
	Changxing	格
	Anji	格
	Deqing	葛
	Hangzhou	葛
	Hangzhou(Yuhang)	葛
	Hangzhou(Lin'an)	葛
	Hangzhou(Fuyang)	葛
	Tonglu	葛
	Tonglu(Wusheng)	個個
	Shaoxing	咸
	Zhuji	咸
	Shengzhou	咸
	Xinchang	咸
	Ningbo	葛
	Ningbo(Zhenhai)	葛
	Yuyao	耶
	Cixi	葛
	Taizhou(Huangyan)	葛
	Tiantai	葛
	Sanmen	葛
	Wenling	葛,格
	Wenzhou	個
	Yueqing	個
	Yongjia(Fenglin)	個
	Rui'an	個
	Pingyang	個
	Taishun	這
	Wencheng	個
	Lishui	已
	Qingtian	已
	Jinyun	已
	Songyang(Xiping)	益
	Yunhe	益
	Qingyuan	這
	Longquan	搭
	Suichang	益
	Jiangshan	益
	Changshan	益
	Kaihua	益
	Longyou	個
	Jinhua	等,待
	Yiwu	吾
	Yongkang	個
	Pujiang	這,吉
	Dongyang	個
Wuyi	愛個
Lanxi	個
Shangrao	這
Shangrao(Guangfeng)	伊
Yushan	伊
Xiang	Changsha	咯
Xiang	Shuangfeng	咯

Dialectal synonyms of是 (“to be (+ noun)”)[map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		惟,為,乃
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)		是,係
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	是
	Taiwan	是
	Malaysia	是
	Singapore	是
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	是
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	是
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	是
Central Plains Mandarin	Sokuluk(Gansu Dungan)	是
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	是
	Wuhan	是
	Guilin	是
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	是
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	是
Cantonese	Guangzhou	係
	Hong Kong	係
	Macau	係
	Zhongshan(Shiqi)	係
	Taishan	係
	Yangjiang	係
	Maoming(Xinpo)	係
	Wuchuan(Wuyang)	是
	Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu)	係
	Penang(Guangfu)	係
	Singapore(Guangfu)	係
Gan	Nanchang	是
Hakka	Meixian	係
	Xingning	係
	Huizhou(Huicheng; Bendihua)	係
	Huidong(Daling)	係
	Wuhua(Meilin)	係
	Zijin	係
	Shaoguan(Qujiang)	係
	Lianshan(Xiaosanjiang)	係
	Changting	係
	Wuping	係
	Wuping(Pingyu)	係
	Liancheng	係
	Ninghua	係
	Yudu	係
	Ruijin	係
	Shicheng	係
	Shangyou(Shexi)	係
	Miaoli(N. Sixian)	係
	Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)	係
	Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)	係
	Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)	係
	Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)	係
	Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)	係
	Hong Kong	係
	Kuching(Hepo)	係
	Singapore(Dabu)	係
Jin	Taiyuan	是
Northern Min	Jian'ou	是
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	是
Eastern Min	Singapore(Fuqing)	是
Southern Min	Xiamen	是
	Xiamen(Tong'an)	是
	Quanzhou	是
	Zhangzhou	是
	Dongshan	是
	Taipei	是
	New Taipei(Sanxia)	是
	Kaohsiung	是
	Yilan	是
	Changhua(Lukang)	是
	Taichung	是
	Tainan	是
	Hsinchu	是
	Kinmen	是
	Penghu(Magong)	是
	Penang(Hokkien)	是
	Singapore(Hokkien)	是
	Manila(Hokkien)	是
	Datian	是
	Chaozhou	是
	Shantou	是
	Shantou(Chaoyang)	是
	Jieyang	是
	Haifeng	是
	Singapore(Teochew)	是
	Leizhou	是
	Wenchang	是
	Qionghai	是
	Singapore(Hainanese)	是
Puxian Min	Putian	是
Puxian Min	Xianyou	是,正是
Wu	Shanghai	是
	Shanghai(Songjiang)	是
	Shanghai(Zhoupu, Pudong)	是
	Shanghai(Jiading)	是
	Shanghai(Shuangcaodun, Baoshan)	是
	Shanghai(Luodian, Baoshan)	是
	Shanghai(Chongming)	是
	Suzhou	是
	Suzhou(Wujiang)	是
	Wuxi	是
	Changshu	是
	Kunshan	是
	Taicang	是
	Qidong	是
	Haimen(Sijia)	是
	Jiaxing	是
	Jiashan	是
	Pinghu	是
	Haining(Yanguan)	是
	Tongxiang	是
	Haiyan	是
	Changzhou	是
	Liyang	是
	Changzhou(Jintan)	是
	Yixing	是
	Danyang	是
	Jingjiang	是
	Jiangyin	是
	Nanjing(Gaochun)	是
	Huzhou	是
	Changxing	是
	Anji	是
	Hangzhou	是
	Hangzhou(Yuhang)	是
	Hangzhou(Lin'an)	是
	Hangzhou(Fuyang)	是
	Hangzhou(Xiaoshan)	是
	Tonglu	是
	Tonglu(Wusheng)	是
	Shaoxing	是
	Zhuji	是
	Shengzhou	是
	Xinchang	是
	Ningbo	是
	Ningbo(Zhenhai)	是
	Ningbo(Fenghua)	是
	Yuyao	是
	Cixi	是
	Xiangshan	是
	Ninghai	是
	Zhoushan	是
	Tiantai	是
	Xianju	是
	Sanmen	是
	Wenzhou	是
	Yueqing	是
	Lishui	是
	Longquan	是
	Jinhua	是
	Yiwu	是
Xiang	Changsha	是
Xiang	Shuangfeng	是

Descendants

[edit]

Wutunhua:hai

Compounds

[edit]

Pronunciation 2

[edit]

Wu(Songjiang,Wugniu):⁸zeq

Wu
- (Northern:Songjiang)
  - Wugniu:⁸zeq
  - SinologicalIPA (Songjiang):/zəʔ²²/

simp. andtrad.		是
alternative forms		實／实自什

Definitions

[edit]

是

(Northern Wu)Pronominal prefix
是我[Northern Wu] ― I, me

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]

“是”, in漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1],香港中文大學 (theChinese University of Hong Kong),2014–
“是”, in教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien),Ministry of Education, R.O.C.,2025.
李如龙[Li, Ru-long];刘福铸[Liu, Fu-zhu];吴华英[Wu, Hua-ying];黄国城[Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “是”, in莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min),Xiamen University Press,→ISBN, page159.

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 是

是

(Jōyō kanji)

this
right,correct,just
indicates agreement or affirmation

Readings

[edit]

Go-on:ぜ(ze,Jōyō)
Kan-on:し(shi)
Kun:これ(kore,是)、この(kono,是)、ここ(koko,是)
Nanori:これ(kore)、すなお(sunao)、ただし(tadashi)、つな(tsuna)、ゆき(yuki)、よし(yoshi)

Etymology 1

[edit]

Kanji in this term
是
ぜ Grade: S
goon

FromMiddle Chinese是 (MC dzyeX)

Pronunciation

[edit]

(Tokyo)ぜ[zéꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [d͡ze̞]

Noun

[edit]

是(ぜ)• (ze)

right,justice
是(ぜ)と非(ひ)を区別(くべつ)する
ze to hi o kubetsu suru
to tell apartright and wrong

Etymology 2

[edit]

Kanji in this term
是
これ Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of是 – see the following entry.

【これ】

[pronoun]this

[pronoun](deictically)this one (near the speaker)

[pronoun](anaphorically)this one I am talking about (only the speaker knows)

[pronoun](archaic)I;me

[pronoun](archaic)you

[pronoun](literary, calque ofLiterary Chinese是,之,惟, etc.)Repeats the topic with a correct case marker to avoid any misunderstanding if it is not a subject.

Alternative spellings
此れ,之,維,惟

(This term,是, is an alternative spelling(literary) of the above term.)