| ||||||||
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 | |||
| Traditional | 新 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 新 |
| Japanese | 新 |
| Korean | 新 |
This character's appearance varies by script because of Han unification:
新 (Kangxi radical 69,斤+9, 13 strokes,cangjie input卜木竹一中 (YDHML),four-corner02921,composition⿰亲斤)
| trad. | 新 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp.# | 新 | |
| alternative forms | 𣂺 | |
| Historical forms of the character新 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
 |  |  |  |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*siŋ): phonetic 辛(OC*siŋ) + semantic 斤 — to chop wood. Original form of薪 (OC*siŋ, “firewood”). The character was later borrowed to represent新 (OC*siŋ, “new”) as an instance of jiajie (假借).
A semantic木 was later added in the bronze inscriptions which merged with the辛.
Shuowen misinterprets the character as𣓀 +斤.
Sino-Tibetan; cognate withBurmeseသစ်(sac,“new”). Compare the cognacy between薪 (OC*siŋ, “firewood”) andBurmeseသစ်(sac,“wood; timber”).
This word may belong to the Sino-Tibetan stemProto-Sino-Tibetan*sreŋ(“alive, fresh, green”) and may hence be related to青 (OC*sʰleːŋ, “green”) as well as薪 (OC*siŋ, “firewood”) (Schuessler, 2007).
| Variety | Location | 新 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕin⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ɕin⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /ɕin²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /ɕiẽ²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /siə̃²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /sin²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /ɕiẽ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /ɕiə̃⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ɕĩn³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /ɕĩ⁴⁴/ | |
| Nanjing | /sin³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /ɕin²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕiəŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /ɕiŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /ɕĩŋ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɕiŋ⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /sin⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɕin³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /saŋ³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /siʌ̃³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /sin¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /sin³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /sin³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕin⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sin⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /sin²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɐn⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /ɬɐn⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /sɐn⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sin⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /siŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /seiŋ⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /siŋ³³/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /tin²³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 新 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 息鄰切 |
| Baxter | sin |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sin/ |
| Li Rong | /siĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭĕn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xīn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | san1 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 新 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xīn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sin › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.tsʰi[n]/ |
| English | new |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 新 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13811 |
| Phonetic component | 辛 |
| Rime group | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 新 |
| Old Chinese | /*siŋ/ |
新
| Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Time period | Divisions | |||
| Xia 夏(～朝,～代) | 2070 – 1600BCE | ||||
| Shang 商(～朝,～代) 殷(～朝,～代) | 1600 – 1046BCE | ||||
| Zhou 周(～朝,～代) | 1046 – 256BCE | Western Zhou 西周 | |||
| Eastern Zhou 東周 /东周 | Spring and Autumn period 春秋 | ||||
| Warring States period 戰國 /战国 | |||||
| Qin 秦(～朝,～代) | 221 – 206BCE | ||||
| Han 漢 /汉(～朝,～代) | 206BCE – 220CE | Western Han 西漢 /西汉 | |||
| Xin 新(～朝) | |||||
| Eastern Han 東漢 /东汉 | |||||
| Three Kingdoms 三國 /三国 | 220 – 280CE | Wei 魏 | |||
| Shu Han 蜀漢 /蜀汉 | |||||
| Wu 吳 /吴 | |||||
| Jin 晉 /晋(～朝,～代) | 265 – 420CE | Western Jin 西晉 /西晋 | |||
| Eastern Jin 東晉 /东晋 | |||||
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589CE | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Wei 北魏 | ||
| Western Wei 西魏 | |||||
| Eastern Wei 東魏 /东魏 | |||||
| Northern Zhou 北周 | |||||
| Northern Qi 北齊 /北齐 | |||||
| Southern dynasties 南朝 | Liu Song 劉宋 /刘宋 | ||||
| Southern Qi 南齊 /南齐 | |||||
| Liang 梁(～朝,～代) | |||||
| Chen 陳 /陈(～朝,～代) | |||||
| Sui 隋(～朝,～代) | 581 – 618CE | ||||
| Tang 唐(～朝,～代) | 618 – 907CE | ||||
| Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國 /五代十国 | 907 – 960CE | ||||
| Liao 遼 /辽(～朝,～代) | 907 – 1125CE | ||||
| Song 宋(～朝,～代) | 960 – 1279CE | Northern Song 北宋 | |||
| Southern Song 南宋 | |||||
| Western Xia 西夏 | 1038 – 1227CE | ||||
| Jin 金(～朝,～代) | 1115 – 1234CE | ||||
| Western Liao 西遼 /西辽 | 1124 – 1218CE | ||||
| Yuan 元(～朝,～代) | 1271 – 1368CE | ||||
| Ming 明(～朝,～代) | 1368 – 1644CE | ||||
| Qing 清(～朝,～代) | 1636 – 1912CE | ||||
Others:
新の本字 on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipediaja| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 新 |
| しん Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi |
/sin/ →/ɕin/
FromMiddle Chinese新 (MC sin).
Compare modernMandarin新(xīn),Hakka新(sîn),Min Nan新(sin), andWu新.
{{rfdef}}.{{rfdef}}.{{rfdef}}.| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 新 |
| にい Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
⟨nipi1⟩ →/nipʲi/ →/nifi/ →/niwi/ →/niː/
FromOld Japanese, fromProto-Japonic*nipi-. Reflected inOld Japanese新し(nipisi,adjective), not used in modern Japanese.
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 新 |
| あら Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
FromOld Japanese.
Extension of粗,荒(ara,“crude,raw”).[2]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 新 |
| さら Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 更 |
| Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium. Particularly: “-s- infix form or from prefixさ(sa-)?” |
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 新 |
| あら(た) Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
Nominalization of adjective新た(arata,“new”).
新:Hán Nôm readings:tân[1][2][3][4]
