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教

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:敎

教	U+6559,教 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6559

←敘
[U+6558]

CJK Unified Ideographs

敚 →
[U+655A]

Translingual

[edit]

Stroke order

Han character

[edit]

教 (Kangxi radical 66,攴+7, 11 strokes,cangjie input十木人大 (JDOK),four-corner4844₀,composition⿰孝攵)

Derived characters

[edit]

嘋, 漖, 䃝

Additional Derived Characters

𲙲, 𪳞, 𳅜, 𨬊, 𪖄, 𢠛, 𥲯

References

[edit]

Kangxi Dictionary:not present, would followpage 472, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13213
Dae Jaweon: page 823, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1459, character 9
Unihan data for U+6559

Chinese

[edit]

trad.		教/敎
simp.		教
alternative forms		斅／𢽾𧧿𤕝敎𡥉斅／𢽾𧧿𤕝敎𡥉𡥈

Glyph origin

[edit]

Historical forms of the character教
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)	Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the samephonetic series (爻)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
崤	ɢaːw, ɢraːw
郩	*qaːwʔ
敎	kraːw, kraːws
較	kreːwɢs, kreːwɢ
肴	*ɢraːw
淆	*ɢraːw
倄	ɢraːw, ɢʷɯːʔ
爻	*ɢraːw
餚	*ɢraːw
殽	*ɢraːw
笅	*ɢraːw
駁	*praːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*kraːw, *kraːws): phonetic 爻(OC*ɢraːw) + semantic 子(“child”) + semantic 攵(“teaching cane; stick that represents authority”) – teaching a child. See also學 and算.

Etymology

[edit]

(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation 1

[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin):jiāo (jiao¹)
(Zhuyin):ㄐㄧㄠ
(Chengdu,Sichuanese Pinyin):jiao¹
(Dungan,Cyrillic andWiktionary):җё (ži͡o, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):gaau³ /gaau¹
(Taishan,Wiktionary):gau¹
Gan(Wiktionary):gau⁴
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):kâu
(Hailu,HRS):gau^ˋ
(Meixian,Guangdong):gau¹
Jin(Wiktionary):jiau¹
Northern Min(KCR):háu / ga̿u
Eastern Min(BUC):gá / gáu
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):gor⁴ / gao⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):kà /kàu
(Teochew,Peng'im):ga³
Wu(Shanghai,Wugniu):⁵kau;⁵ciau
Xiang(Changsha,Wiktionary):gau⁴ / jiau⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:jiāo
  - Zhuyin:ㄐㄧㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:jiao
  - Wade–Giles:chiao¹
  - Yale:jyāu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:jiau
  - Palladius:цзяо(czjao)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin:jiao¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz:giao
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡ɕiau⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic andWiktionary:җё (ži͡o, I)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡ɕiɔː²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:gaau³ / gaau¹
  - Yale:gaau / gāau
  - Cantonese Pinyin:gaau³ / gaau¹
  - Guangdong Romanization:gao³ / gao¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kaːu̯³³/, /kaːu̯⁵⁵/

Note: gaau1 - rare.

- (Taishanese,Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary:gau¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kau³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary:gau⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kau³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:kâu
  - Hakka Romanization System:gau^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:gau¹
  - SinologicalIPA:/kau̯²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl.Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System:gau^ˋ
  - SinologicalIPA:/kau⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong:gau¹
  - SinologicalIPA:/kau⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary:jiau¹
  - SinologicalIPA (old-style):/t͡ɕiau¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized:háu / ga̿u
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/xau⁵⁴/, /kau³³/

Note:

háu - vernacular;
ga̿u - literary.

Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:gá / gáu
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kɑ²¹³/, /kɑu²¹³/

Note:

gá - vernacular;
gáu - literary.

Puxian Min
- (Putian,Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:gor⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:go̤̍
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kɒ⁴²/
- (Putian,Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:gao⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:ga̍u
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kau⁴²/

Note:

gor4 - vernacular;
gao4 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,Jinjiang,GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:kà
  - Tâi-lô:kà
  - Phofsit Daibuun:kax
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou,Jinjiang):/ka⁴¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Zhangzhou,Kaohsiung):/ka²¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei):/ka¹¹/
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,Jinjiang,GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:kàu
  - Tâi-lô:kàu
  - Phofsit Daibuun:kaux
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Zhangzhou,Kaohsiung):/kau²¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou,Jinjiang):/kau⁴¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei):/kau¹¹/

Note:

kà - vernacular;
kàu - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im:ga³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:kà
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/ka²¹³/

Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai)
  - Wugniu:⁵kau;⁵ciau
  - MiniDict:kau^去; ciau^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):²kau;²jiau
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/kɔ³⁴/,/t͡ɕiɔ³⁴/

Note:

⁵kau - vernacular;
⁵ciau - literary.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary:gau⁴ / jiau⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kɒu̯⁴⁵/, /t͡ɕi̯ɒu̯⁴⁵/

Note:

gau4 - vernacular;
jiau4 - literary.

Middle Chinese:kaew

Rime
Character	教
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古肴切
Baxter	kaew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠau/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚau/
Shao Rongfen	/kau/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨw/
Li Rong	/kau/
Wang Li	/kau/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kau/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiāo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaau¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*s.[k]ˤraw/
(Zhengzhang):/*kraːw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	教
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiāo
Middle Chinese	‹ kæw ›
Old Chinese	/*s.[k]ˁraw/
English	teach
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	教
Reading #	1/2
No.	14642
Phonetic component	爻
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	交
Old Chinese	/*kraːw/
Notes	甲文即象執杖敎子，再加爻聲

Definitions

[edit]

教

toteach; toinstruct
我來教你。／我来教你。 ― Wǒ láijiāo nǐ. ― Let meteach you.

Synonyms

[edit]

授 (shòu)

Compounds

[edit]

帶教 /带教
教一識百 /教一识百
教冊 /教册(kà-chheh)(Min Nan)
教書 /教书(jiāoshū)
教書匠 /教书匠(jiāoshūjiàng)
白教
罷教 /罢教

Pronunciation 2

[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin):jiào,jiāo (jiao⁴,jiao¹)
(Zhuyin):ㄐㄧㄠˋ, ㄐㄧㄠ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:jiào
  - Zhuyin:ㄐㄧㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:jiào
  - Wade–Giles:chiao⁴
  - Yale:jyàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:jiaw
  - Palladius:цзяо(czjao)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:jiāo
  - Zhuyin:ㄐㄧㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:jiao
  - Wade–Giles:chiao¹
  - Yale:jyāu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:jiau
  - Palladius:цзяо(czjao)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese:kaew

Rime
Character	教
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古肴切
Baxter	kaew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠau/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚau/
Shao Rongfen	/kau/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨw/
Li Rong	/kau/
Wang Li	/kau/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kau/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiāo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaau¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*s.[k]ˤraw/
(Zhengzhang):/*kraːw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	教
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiāo
Middle Chinese	‹ kæw ›
Old Chinese	/*s.[k]ˁraw/
English	teach
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	教
Reading #	1/2
No.	14642
Phonetic component	爻
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	交
Old Chinese	/*kraːw/
Notes	甲文即象執杖敎子，再加爻聲

Definitions

[edit]

教

tocause; tomake
Synonym:叫(jiào)
教人哭笑不得 ― jiào rén kūxiàobùdé ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 啊！微風吹動了我的頭髮，教我如何不想她？[MSC,trad.]
  啊！微风吹动了我的头发，教我如何不想她？[MSC,simp.]
  From:1920,Liu Bannong,教我如何不想她
  A! Wēifēng chuī dòng le wǒ de tóufà,jiào wǒ rúhé bù xiǎng tā?[Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Compounds

[edit]

直教

Pronunciation 3

[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin):jiào (jiao⁴)
(Zhuyin):ㄐㄧㄠˋ
(Chengdu,Sichuanese Pinyin):jiao⁴
(Dungan,Cyrillic andWiktionary):җё (ži͡o, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):gaau³
(Taishan,Wiktionary):gau¹
Gan(Wiktionary):gau⁴
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):kau
(Hailu,HRS):gau^ˇ
(Meixian,Guangdong):gau⁴
Jin(Wiktionary):jiau³
Northern Min(KCR):ga̿u
Eastern Min(BUC):gáu
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):gor⁴ / gao⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):kà /kàu
(Teochew,Peng'im):ga³ / gao³
Wu(Shanghai,Wugniu):⁵ciau
Xiang(Changsha,Wiktionary):jiau⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:jiào
  - Zhuyin:ㄐㄧㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:jiào
  - Wade–Giles:chiao⁴
  - Yale:jyàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:jiaw
  - Palladius:цзяо(czjao)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin:jiao⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz:giao
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡ɕiau²¹³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic andWiktionary:җё (ži͡o, III)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡ɕiɔː⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:gaau³
  - Yale:gaau
  - Cantonese Pinyin:gaau³
  - Guangdong Romanization:gao³
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kaːu̯³³/
- (Taishanese,Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary:gau¹
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kau³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary:gau⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kau³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:kau
  - Hakka Romanization System:gau
  - Hagfa Pinyim:gau⁴
  - SinologicalIPA:/kau̯⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl.Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System:gau^ˇ
  - SinologicalIPA:/kau¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong:gau⁴
  - SinologicalIPA:/kau⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary:jiau³
  - SinologicalIPA (old-style):/t͡ɕiau⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized:ga̿u
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kau³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:gáu
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kɑu²¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian,Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:gor⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:go̤̍
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kɒ⁴²/
- (Putian,Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:gao⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:ga̍u
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/kau⁴²/

Note:

gor4 - vernacular;
gao4 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,Jinjiang,GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:kà
  - Tâi-lô:kà
  - Phofsit Daibuun:kax
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou,Jinjiang):/ka⁴¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Zhangzhou,Kaohsiung):/ka²¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei):/ka¹¹/
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,Jinjiang,GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:kàu
  - Tâi-lô:kàu
  - Phofsit Daibuun:kaux
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen,Zhangzhou,Kaohsiung):/kau²¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou,Jinjiang):/kau⁴¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei):/kau¹¹/

Note:

kà - vernacular (“to tell someone to do something”);
kàu - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im:ga³ / gao³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:kà / kàu
- SinologicalIPA^(key):/ka²¹³/, /kau²¹³/

Note:

ga3 - vernacular;
gao3 - literary.

Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai)
  - Wugniu:⁵ciau
  - MiniDict:ciau^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):²jiau
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/t͡ɕiɔ³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary:jiau⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡ɕi̯ɒu̯⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese:kaewH

Rime
Character	教
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古孝切
Baxter	kaewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠau^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚau^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kau^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨw^H/
Li Rong	/kau^H/
Wang Li	/kau^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kau^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaau³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*s.kˤraw-s/
(Zhengzhang):/*kraːws/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	教
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiào
Middle Chinese	‹ kæw^H ›
Old Chinese	/*s.kˁraw-s/
English	teaching; instruction
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	教
Reading #	2/2
No.	14643
Phonetic component	爻
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	敎
Old Chinese	/*kraːws/

Definitions

[edit]

教

toprovide guidance; toinstruct
(obsolete or Southern Min) totell (someone to do something); tolet; toinstruct
etiquette;rules;customs
religion;faith;religious teachings
你信什麼教？／你信什么教？ ― Nǐ xìn shénmejiào? ― What is yourreligion?
asurname

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]

“教”, in漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1],香港中文大學 (theChinese University of Hong Kong),2014–
“教”, in教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien),Ministry of Education, R.O.C.,2026.
莆田市荔城区档案馆[Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “教”, in莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page107.

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 教

教

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

toteach;teachings,doctrine

Kanji in this term
教
きょう Grade: 2
on'yomi

/keu/ →/kjoː/

FromMiddle Chinese教 (MC kaew|kaewH, “to teach, to instruct”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): [kʲo̞ː]

Affix

[edit]

教(きょう)• (kyō) ^{←けう(keu)^?}

Usage notes

[edit]

Only used in kanji compounds. Never used in isolation with this reading.

Suffix

[edit]

教(きょう)• (-kyō) ^{←けう(-keu)^?}

-ism(religion)

Derived terms

[edit]

キリスト教(きょう)(Kirisuto-kyō,“Christianity”)
旧(きゅう)教(きょう)(Kyūkyō,“Catholicism”)
新(しん)教(きょう)(Shinkyō,“Protestantism”)
イスラム教(きょう)(Isuramu-kyō,“Islam”)
ユダヤ教(きょう)(Yudaya-kyō,“Judaism”)
ヒンドゥー教(きょう)(Hindū-kyō,“Hinduism”)
シク教(きょう)(Shiku-kyō,“Sikhism”)
道(どう)教(きょう)(Dōkyō,“Taoism”)
仏(ぶっ)教(きょう)(Bukkyō,“Buddhism”)
一(いっ)神(しん)教(きょう)(isshinkyō,“monotheism”)
多(た)神(しん)教(きょう)(tashinkyō,“polytheism”)

Etymology 2

[edit]

Kanji in this term
教
さとし Grade: 2
kun'yomi

From either the classical終止形(shūshikei,“terminal form”)satoshi of modern adjective聡い(satoi,“clever, sharp-witted”), or the連用形(ren'yōkei,“continuative or stem form”)satoshi of cognate verb諭す(satosu,“to admonish, persuade, remonstrate → to redirect into a smarter direction”).