| ||||||||
| ||||||||
| ||||||||
敏 (Kangxi radical 66,攴+7in Chinese, 攴+6in Japanese, 11 strokesin Chinese, 10 strokesin Japanese,cangjie input人卜人大 (OYOK),four-corner88540,composition⿰每攵 or⿰毎攵)
| simp. andtrad. | 敏 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 勄 | |
| Historical forms of the character敏 |
|---|
| Western Zhou |
| Bronze inscriptions |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ): phonetic 每(OC*mɯːʔ) + semantic 攴(“hand; action”). The攴 component was sometimes written as又 (“hand”) in early writing.
CompareBurmeseမြန်(mran,“quick, fast”) (Luce, 1981).
| Variety | Location | 敏 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /min²¹⁴/ |
| Harbin | /min²¹³/ | |
| Tianjin | /min¹³/ | |
| Jinan | /miẽ⁵⁵/ | |
| Qingdao | /miə̃⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /min⁵³/ | |
| Xi'an | /miẽ⁵³/ | |
| Xining | /miə̃⁵³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /miŋ⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /mĩn⁴⁴²/ | |
| Ürümqi | /miŋ⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /min⁴²/ | |
| Chengdu | /min⁵³/ | |
| Guiyang | /min⁴²/ | |
| Kunming | /mĩ⁵³/ | |
| Nanjing | /min²¹²/ | |
| Hefei | /min²⁴/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /miəŋ⁵³/ |
| Pingyao | /miŋ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /mĩŋ⁵³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /miŋ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /min⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /min⁵³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /meŋ³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /miʌ̃³⁵/ |
| Tunxi | /min³¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /min⁴¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /min⁴²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /min²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /men³¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /mien²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /mɐn²³/ |
| Nanning | /mɐn²⁴/ | |
| Hong Kong | /mɐn¹³/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /bin⁵³/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /miŋ³²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /meiŋ²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /miaŋ⁵³/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /min²¹³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 敏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (44) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 眉殞切 |
| Baxter | minX |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠiɪnX/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚinX/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mienX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mjinX/ |
| Li Rong | /mjĕnX/ |
| Wang Li | /mǐĕnX/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mi̯ĕnX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mǐn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | man5 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 敏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mǐn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ minX › |
| Old Chinese | /*mrə[n]ʔ/ (~ *mrəʔ) |
| English | diligent, active |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 敏 | 敏 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 9296 | 9297 |
| Phonetic component | 母 | 母 |
| Rime group | 之 | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 愍 | 愍 |
| Old Chinese | /*mrɯʔ/ | /*mrɯŋʔ/ |
敏
| Shinjitai | 敏 | |
| Kyūjitai [1] | 敏 敏or 敏+ ︀? | |
| 敏󠄀 敏+ 󠄀?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
| 敏󠄃 敏+ 󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. Seehere for details. | ||
(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji,kyūjitai form敏)
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 敏 |
| びん Grade: S |
| on'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 敏(kyūjitai) |
FromMiddle Chinese敏 (MC minX).
敏• (bin) -na (adnominal敏な(binna),adverbial敏に(binni))
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 敏だろ | びんだろ | bin daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 敏で | びんで | bin de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 敏だ | びんだ | bin da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 敏な | びんな | bin na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 敏なら | びんなら | bin nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 敏であれ | びんであれ | bin de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 敏ではない 敏じゃない | びんではない びんじゃない | bin de wa nai bin ja nai |
| Informal past | 敏だった | びんだった | bin datta |
| Informal negative past | 敏ではなかった 敏じゃなかった | びんではなかった びんじゃなかった | bin de wa nakatta bin ja nakatta |
| Formal | 敏です | びんです | bin desu |
| Formal negative | 敏ではありません 敏じゃありません | びんではありません びんじゃありません | bin de wa arimasen bin ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 敏でした | びんでした | bin deshita |
| Formal negative past | 敏ではありませんでした 敏じゃありませんでした | びんではありませんでした びんじゃありませんでした | bin de wa arimasen deshita bin ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 敏で | びんで | bin de |
| Conditional | 敏なら(ば) | びんなら(ば) | bin nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 敏だったら | びんだったら | bin dattara |
| Volitional | 敏だろう | びんだろう | bin darō |
| Adverbial | 敏に | びんに | bin ni |
| Degree | 敏さ | びんさ | binsa |
敏 (eumhun민첩할민(mincheophal min))
{{rfdef}}.