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持

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

持	U+6301,持 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6301

←挀
[U+6300]

CJK Unified Ideographs

挂 →
[U+6302]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

持 (Kangxi radical 64,手+6, 9 strokes,cangjie input手土木戈 (QGDI),four-corner5404₁,composition⿰扌寺)

Derived characters

𱓙, 𣖖, 𥻣, 𧎋, 𨃌, 𨨲, 𩹭, 𤸟

References

Kangxi Dictionary:page 429, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12019
Dae Jaweon: page 778, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1866, character 2
Unihan data for U+6301

Chinese

trad.		持
simp.^#		持
alternative forms		寺

Glyph origin

Characters in the samephonetic series (寺)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
等	tɯːʔ, tɯːŋʔ
待	*dɯːʔ
寺	*ljɯs
持	*l'ɯ
峙	*dɯʔ
痔	*dɯʔ
跱	*dɯʔ
歭	*dɯʔ
洔	dɯʔ, tjɯʔ
畤	dɯʔ, tjɯʔ, *djɯʔ
秲	dɯʔ, djɯs
庤	*dɯʔ
時	*djɯ
鰣	*djɯ
塒	*djɯ
蒔	djɯ, djɯs
榯	*djɯ
恃	*djɯʔ
侍	*djɯs
詩	*hljɯ
邿	*hljɯ
特	*dɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*l'ɯ): semantic 手 + phonetic 寺(OC*ljɯs).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin):chí (chi²)
(Zhuyin):ㄔˊ
(Xi'an,Guanzhong Pinyin):chí
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):ci⁴
(Dongguan,Jyutping++):ci⁴
(Taishan,Wiktionary):ci³
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):chhṳ̀
(Hailu,HRS):chi
(Meixian,Guangdong):ci²
Jin(Wiktionary):cr¹
Eastern Min(BUC):tì
Puxian Min(Pouseng Ping'ing):di²
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):tî /chhî
(Teochew,Peng'im):ti⁵
(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin):qi⁵
Southern Pinghua(Nanning,Jyutping++):zi⁴
Wu(Wugniu)
- (Northern):⁶zy /²zy /²zyu /²dzy /²ji
- (Jinhua):²dzy
Xiang(Changsha,Wiktionary):zhr²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:chí
  - Zhuyin:ㄔˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:chíh
  - Wade–Giles:chʻih²
  - Yale:chŕ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:chyr
  - Palladius:чи(či)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin:chí
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping:ci⁴
  - Yale:chìh
  - Cantonese Pinyin:tsi⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization:qi⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sʰiː²¹/
- (Dongguan,Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++:ci⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sʰi²¹/
- (Taishanese,Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary:ci³
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡sʰi²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:chhṳ̀
  - Hakka Romanization System:cii^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim:ci²
  - SinologicalIPA:/t͡sʰɨ¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl.Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System:chi
  - SinologicalIPA:/t͡ʃʰi⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong:ci²
  - SinologicalIPA:/t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary:cr¹
  - SinologicalIPA (old-style):/t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê:tì
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/tʰi⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:di²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍:dí
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ti¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing:di²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/ti²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:tî /chhî
  - Tâi-lô:tî / tshî
  - Phofsit Daibuun:dii, chii
  - SinologicalIPA (Xiamen):/ti²⁴/,/t͡sʰi²⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Quanzhou):/ti²⁴/,/t͡sʰi²⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhangzhou):/ti¹³/,/t͡sʰi¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Taipei):/ti²⁴/,/t͡sʰi²⁴/
  - SinologicalIPA (Kaohsiung):/ti²³/,/t͡sʰi²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im:ti⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:thî
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/tʰi⁵⁵/
- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin:qi⁵
  - SinologicalIPA:/t͡sʰi²²/
Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua,Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++:zi⁴
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/t͡si²¹/
Wu
- (Northern:Shanghai)
  - Wugniu:⁶zy
  - MiniDict:zy^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai):³zr
  - SinologicalIPA (Shanghai):/zz̩²³/
- (Northern:Jiading,Songjiang,Jiaxing)
  - Wugniu:²zy
  - MiniDict:zy^平
  - SinologicalIPA (Jiading):/zz̩³¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Songjiang):/zz̩³¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Jiaxing):/zz̩³¹/
- (Northern:Suzhou)
  - Wugniu:²zyu
  - MiniDict:zyu^平
  - SinologicalIPA (Suzhou):/zz̩ʷ²²³/
- (Northern:Changzhou,Hangzhou,Shaoxing,Ningbo,Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu:²dzy
  - MiniDict:dzy^平
  - SinologicalIPA (Changzhou):/d͡zz̩¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Hangzhou):/d͡zz̩²³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Shaoxing):/d͡zz̩²³¹/
  - SinologicalIPA (Ningbo):/d͡zz̩³¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA (Zhoushan):/d͡zz̩²²/
- (Northern:Ningbo)
  - Wugniu:²ji
  - MiniDict:ji^平
  - SinologicalIPA (Ningbo):/d͡ʑi³¹³/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu:²dzy
  - SinologicalIPA (Jinhua):/d͡zz̩³¹³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary:zhr²
  - SinologicalIPA^(key) (old-style):/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
  - SinologicalIPA^(key) (new-style):/t͡sz̩¹³/

Middle Chinese:dri

Rime
Character	持
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直之切
Baxter	dri
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖɨ/
Li Rong	/ȡiə/
Wang Li	/ȡĭə/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȡʱi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ci⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*[d]rə/
(Zhengzhang):/*l'ɯ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	持
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chí
Middle Chinese	‹ dri ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]rə/
English	grasp, hold
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	持
Reading #	1/1
No.	12031
Phonetic component	寺
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	治
Old Chinese	/*l'ɯ/

Definitions

持

tohold; tograsp
持刀搶劫／持刀抢劫 ― chí dāo qiǎngjié ― to carry out a robbery with a knife
- 婦人當頂為高髻，以金銀真珠為飾，著青婆羅裙，又披羅緞，行必持扇。[Classical Chinese,trad.]
  妇人当顶为高髻，以金银真珠为饰，着青婆罗裙，又披罗缎，行必持扇。[Classical Chinese,simp.]
  From:Tang Dynasty,Fan Chuo,Manshu,chapter 10, part 2
  Fùrén dàng dǐng wéi gāojì, yǐ jīn yín zhēnzhū wéi shì, zhuó qīng póluó qún, yòu pī luóduàn, xíng bìchí shàn.[Pinyin]
  Married women wear high topknot decorated with jewellery of gold, silver and pearl, blue-green skirts ofpolo satin, as well as grosgrain drapes. They alwayshold fans when walking.
tohold (views, opinions, etc.)
持不同看法 ― chí bùtóng kànfǎ ― to hold different views
持反對態度／持反对态度 ― chí fǎnduì tàidù ― to be opposed
tomanage; torun
持家 ― chíjiā ― to run one's home; to housekeep
tosustain; tosupport
維持／维持 ― wéichí ― to maintain
持之以恆／持之以恒 ― chízhīyǐhéng ― to persevere
持國天王／持国天王 ― Chíguó Tiānwáng ― Heavenly King whoUpholds the Nation(calque of Sanskritधृतराष्ट्रDhṛtarāṣṭra)
tooppose (each other)
僵持 ― jiāngchí ― to be locked in a stalemate
相持不下 ― xiàngchíbùxià ― to be locked in a stalemate
tocontrol; tohold underduress
劫持 ― jiéchí ― to hold under duress

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 持

持

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

hold,have

Readings

Go-on:じ(ji,Jōyō)^{←ぢ(di,historical)}
Kan-on:ち(chi)
Kun:もつ(motsu,持つ,Jōyō)

Derived terms

持(も)つ(motsu)
持(も)ち(mochi)

Korean

Hanja

持• (ji) (hangeul지)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text{{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

持:Hán Nôm readings:trì,chày,chiì,ghiì,giầy,trầy,chì,ghì,nghỉ,trờ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text{{rfdef}}.

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