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手

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:爪and寸
手U+624B,手
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-624B
←扊
[U+624A]		CJK Unified Ideographs扌 →
[U+624C]

⼿U+2F3F,⼿
KANGXI RADICAL HAND
←⼾
[U+2F3E]		Kangxi Radicals⽀ →
[U+2F40]

🈐U+1F210,🈐
SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-624B
[unassigned: U+1F203–U+1F20F]
←🈂
[U+1F202]		Enclosed Ideographic Supplement🈑 →
[U+1F211]

Translingual

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Stroke order
4 strokes
Stroke order

Alternative forms

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  • 扌 (when used as a left Chinese radical)

Han character

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See images of
Radical 64手

手 (Kangxi radical 64,手+0, 4 strokes,cangjie input手 (Q),four-corner20500,composition⿻𠂌一)

  1. Kangxi radical #64,⼿.

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary:page 416, character 28
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11768
  • Dae Jaweon: page 762, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1824, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+624B

Chinese

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simp. andtrad.
手
alternative forms𠂿
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character手
Western ZhouWarring StatesShuowen Jiezi (compiled inHan)Liushutong (compiled inMing)
Bronze inscriptionsChu slip and silk scriptQin slip scriptAncient scriptSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the samephonetic series (手)(Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
杽*n̥ʰɯwʔ
手*hnjɯwʔ

Pictogram (象形) – hand and fingers. The top stroke is the bent over middle finger, while the horizontal strokes are each two fingers. Compare爪,寸,九,又, and彐 as a stylized hand. Compare丑 as an animal claw. See also the bottom part of举 and奉.

Note that unlike the other hand/claw characters,手 has consistently had five fingers: a mammalian/human hand, as opposed to the three digits often found in the others.

Compare also止 (“foot”), derived from a footprint pointing upward, originally composed of 3 toes and a sole.

Etymology

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STEDT compares this word toProto-Sino-Tibetan*g-(t)sjəw-k/ŋ(“wing; hand”) based on Karlgren's Archaic Chinese (Old Chinese) reconstruction*śi̯ôg, connecting it toTibetanགཤོག(gshog,“wing”).

However, this comparison is not supported by more recent scholarship, in which theOld Chinese is reconstructed with an alveolar nasal (Unger, 1995;Zhengzhang, 1995;Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Evidence for the nasal initial is given inSagart (1999):

  • 杻 (“handcuffs”) can be written as杽, so丑 (OC *ᵇhnruʔ) (with a nasal initial) and手 seem to be interchangeable as phonetics.
  • The ancient graph丑 resembles the graph of又 (“right hand”).狃 (OC *ᵇnruʔ, “animal track; claw”) seems to be the modern specialized form of丑, which has been borrowed to represent anearthly branch.

As done bySagart (1999),Baxter and Sagart (2014) put杻 (OC *n̥<r>uʔ, “handcuffs”) and狃 (OC *Cə.n<r>uʔ, “animal track; claw”) into the same word family as手 (OC *n̥uʔ).Zhengzhang (1995) suggests a connection to theညှိုး(hnyui:) inBurmeseလက်ညှိုး(lakhnyui:,“forefinger”), which STEDT derives fromProto-Sino-Tibetan*s-njuŋ ~ *s-m-juŋ ~ *s-m-juw(“finger”). SeeProto-Sino-Tibetan*C-njuʔ(“finger”) for more.

Alternatively,Schuessler (2007) suggests a tone Bendoactive derivation from收 (OC *nhiu?, “to take; to gather”), literally “that which is doing the taking”.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • ciu3 - vernacular;
  • siu3 - literary.
Note:
  • chhiú - vernacular;
  • siú - literary.
Note:
  • qiu2 - vernacular;
  • xiu2 - literary.
Rime
Character手
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)書 (26)
Final (韻)尤 (136)
Tone (調)Rising (X)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie書九切
BaxtersyuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/ɕɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun		/ɕiuX/
Shao
Rongfen		/ɕiəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/ɕuwX/
Li
Rong		/ɕiuX/
Wang
Li		/ɕĭəuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren		/ɕi̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		shǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		sau2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character手
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		shǒu
Middle
Chinese		‹ syuwX ›
Old
Chinese		/*n̥uʔ/
Englishhand

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character手
Reading #1/1
No.11665
Phonetic
component		手
Rime
group		幽
Rime
subdivision		2
Corresponding
MC rime		首
Old
Chinese		/*hnjɯwʔ/

Definitions

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手

  1. hand(Classifier:隻／只mcmn; 雙／双mmn; 對／对c)
  2. expert;master
    高手  ― gāoshǒu  ―  master
  3. -ist;-er
    歌手  ― gēshǒu  ―  singer
  4. convenient;handy;portable
    手機／手机  ― shǒujī  ―  mobile phone
    手冊／手册  ― shǒucè  ―  handbook
  5. handwritten
  6. Classifier forskills.
    寫得一手好字／写得一手好字  ― xiě de yīshǒu hǎo zì  ―  to write a good hand
  7. Classifier fortransactions.
  8. (Southern Min)luck ingambling
  9. (Taiwanese Hokkien)hiddenpart(general)
  10. (finance)Classifier forstocks: lot

See also

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  • 手掌 (shǒuzhǎng, “palm”)
  • 手指 (shǒuzhǐ, “finger”)
  • 手腕 (shǒuwàn, “wrist”)
  • 胳膊 (gēbo, “arm”)

Usage notes

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In many varieties of Chinese south of the Yangtze River,手 (shǒu) refers to the arm and hand collectively.

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (手):

Japanese

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Kanji

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See also:
手

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
手
て
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

FromOld Japanese, fromProto-Japonic*tay. Compare目(me, ma-,“eye”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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手(て)• (te) 

  1. ahand
    リンゴを手(て)に持(も)つ
    ringo ote ni motsu
    to hold an apple in one'shand
    手(て)打(う)ちのモールス
    te-uchi no Mōrusu
    manually-keyed Morse code
  2. ahandle,grip
  3. apaw,foreleg
  4. away ofacting,means
    その手(て)があったか。
    Sonote ga atta ka.
    You could do it thatway too?
    買(か)うのも一(ひと)つの手(て)である。
    Kau no mo hitotsu note de aru.
    Anotherway is buying it.
  5. (archaic)handwriting; style of calligraphy of an individual
  6. (board games) amove,play
    • 2002 March 9,Yumi Hotta withObata, Takeshi, “第(だい)131(ひゃくさんじゅういち)局(きょく)　試(ため)される伊(い)角(すみ) [Game 131: Isumi’s Endeavor]”, inヒカルの碁 [Hikaru’s Go], volume16 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha,→ISBN, page54:
      まだそんな手(て)が残(のこ)ってた——投(とう)了(りょう)は早(はや)すぎた
      Mada sonnate ga nokotteta—— Tōryō wa hayasugita
      There’s still thatmove — I gave up too soon
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Prefix

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手(て)• (te-) 

  1. strengthens the prefixedadjective oradjectivalnoun
    手(て)早(ばや)い、手(て)堅(がた)い
    tebayai,tegatai
    quick, nimble; firm, steady

Suffix

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手(て)• (-te) 

  1. one whodoes the previous word's action:-ist,-er
    語(かた)り手(て)
    katarite
    narrator
    使(つか)い手(て)
    tsukaite
    user
    受(う)け手(て)
    ukete
    recipient
  2. (board games)counter formoves inshogi,go, etc.
Derived terms
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See also
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
手
しゅ
Grade: 1
goon

FromMiddle Chinese手 (MC syuwX).

Affix

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手(しゅ)• (shu) 

  1. hand
  2. handwork
  3. handicraft,skill,talent
  4. one whodoes an action:-ist,-er
Derived terms
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Derived terms

References

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  1. ^Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Chinese手 (MC syuwX).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448슈ᇢ〯 (Yale:syǔw)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2]손〮 (Yale:swón)슈〮 (Yale:syú)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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KoreanWikisource has texts containing thehanja:

手 (eumhun손수(son su))

  1. hanja form? of수(“hand”)
  2. hanja form? of수(“suffix related to one'sskill oroccupation”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전／電子字典.[3]

Kunigami

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Kanji

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See also:
手

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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手(てぃー) (tī) 

  1. ahand

Miyako

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Kanji

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See also:
手

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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手(てぃー) (tī) 

  1. ahand

Okinawan

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Kanji

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See also:
手

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology

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Cognate withJapanese手(te).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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手(てぃー) (tī) 

  1. ahand
  2. ahandle,grip
  3. askill,ability,means;especially inmartial arts

Derived terms

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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手:Hán Việt readings:thủ (書(thư)九(cửu)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
手:Nôm readings:thủ[1][3][4][5]

  1. chữ Hán form ofthủ(“hand”)

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑1.01.1Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  2. ^Trần (2004).
  3. ↑3.03.1Bonet (1899).
  4. ^Génibrel (1898).
  5. ^Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

Yaeyama

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Kanji

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See also:
手

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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手(てぃー) (tī) 

  1. ahand

Yonaguni

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Kanji

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See also:
手

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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手(てぃー) (tī) 

  1. ahand
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